1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd November 4, 2003 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 90.It Va hw.ata.wc 91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 92.Em WARNING : 93can cause data loss on power failures. 94.El 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm 98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 101.Pp 102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 105.It Acard: 106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R 107.It ALI: 108Aladdin (ALi5229) compatible chips. 109.It AMD: 110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. 111.It CMD: 112CMD646, CMD648, CMD649. 113.It Cypress: 114Cypress 82C693. 115.It Cyrix: 116Cyrix 5530. 117.It HighPoint: 118HPT302, HPT366, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT374. 119.It Intel: 120PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6. 121.It National: 122SC1100. 123.It nVidia: 124nForce, nForce2, nForce3. 125.It Promise: 126PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620. 127.It ServerWorks: 128ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6. 129.It Silicon Image: 130SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512. 131.It SiS: 132SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964 133.It VIA: 134VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237. 135.El 136.Pp 137Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 138busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 139also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 140not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 141.Pp 142The 143.Nm 144driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 145when the system is up and running. 146See 147.Xr atacontrol 8 . 148.Pp 149The 150.Nm 151driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 152However the 153.Nm 154driver sometimes warns: 155.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 156This means that 157the 158.Nm 159driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 160or could not be detected properly, 161or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 162to UDMA2/ATA33. 163.Pp 164Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 165.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 166tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 167Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 168common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 169You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 170.Xr atacontrol 8 , 171but be aware that your hardware might 172.Em not 173support it and can potentially 174.Em hang 175the entire system causing data loss. 176.Sh FILES 177.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 178.It Pa /dev/ad* 179ATA disk device nodes 180.It Pa /dev/ar* 181ATA RAID device nodes 182.It Pa /dev/acd* 183ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 184.It Pa /dev/afd* 185ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 186.It Pa /dev/ast* 187ATAPI tape drive device nodes 188.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 189sample generic kernel config file for 190.Nm 191based systems 192.El 193.Sh NOTES 194Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 195.Em must 196use 80 conductor cables. 197Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 198In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 199quality of the cables. 200SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 201.Pp 202Static device numbering 203(enabled with the 204.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 205kernel option) 206reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 207even when not present. 208This is useful in hotswap scenarios 209where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 210and not depend on attach order. 211.Sh SEE ALSO 212.Xr atacontrol 8 , 213.Xr burncd 8 214.Sh HISTORY 215The 216.Nm 217driver first appeared in 218.Fx 4.0 . 219.Sh AUTHORS 220.An S\(/oren Schmidt 221.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 222