1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd June 24, 2009 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 89set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (default is 1, check the cable) 90.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 91set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 92.It Va hw.ata.wc 93set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 94.Em WARNING : 95can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 96.It Va hint.atapci.X.msi 97set to 1 to allow Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) to be used by 98specified PCI ATA controller, if supported. 99.It Va hint.ata.X.pm_level 100controls SATA interface Power Management for specified channel, 101allowing to save some power by the cost of additional command latency. 102Possible values: 103.Bl -tag -compact 104.It 0 105interface Power Management is disabled, default value. 106.It 1 107device is allowed to initiate PM state change, host is passive. 108.It 2 109host initiates PARTIAL PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 110.It 3 111host initiates SLUMBER PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 112.El 113Modes 2 and 3 are implemented only for AHCI driver now. 114.El 115.Sh DESCRIPTION 116The 117.Nm 118driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 119ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 120connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 121.Pp 122The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 123.Pp 124.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 125.It Acard: 126ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 127.It ALI: 128M5229, M5281, M5287, M5288, M5289. 129.It AMD: 130AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536. 131.It ATI: 132IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. 133.It CMD: 134CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 135.It Cypress: 136Cypress 82C693. 137.It Cyrix: 138Cyrix 5530. 139.It HighPoint: 140HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 141.It Intel: 1426300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10. 143.It ITE: 144IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F. 145.It JMicron: 146JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 147.It Marvell 14888SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 88SX6141. 149.It National: 150SC1100. 151.It NetCell: 152NC3000, NC5000. 153.It nVidia: 154nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. 155.It Promise: 156PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 157.It ServerWorks: 158HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 159.It Silicon Image: 160SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 161.It SiS: 162SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 163.It VIA: 164VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251. 165.El 166.Pp 167Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 168busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 169also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 170not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 171.Pp 172The 173.Nm 174driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 175when the system is up and running. 176See 177.Xr atacontrol 8 . 178.Pp 179The 180.Nm 181driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 182However the 183.Nm 184driver sometimes warns: 185.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 186This means that 187the 188.Nm 189driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 190or could not be detected properly, 191or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 192to UDMA2/ATA33. 193The 194.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 195tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check. 196.Pp 197Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 198.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 199tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 200Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 201common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 202You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 203.Xr atacontrol 8 , 204but be aware that your hardware might 205.Em not 206support it and can potentially 207.Em hang 208the entire system causing data loss. 209.Sh FILES 210.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 211.It Pa /dev/ad* 212ATA disk device nodes 213.It Pa /dev/ar* 214ATA RAID device nodes 215.It Pa /dev/acd* 216ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 217.It Pa /dev/afd* 218ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 219.It Pa /dev/ast* 220ATAPI tape drive device nodes 221.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 222sample generic kernel config file for 223.Nm 224based systems 225.El 226.Sh NOTES 227Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 228.Em must 229use 80 conductor cables. 230Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 231In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 232quality of the cables. 233SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 234.Pp 235Static device numbering 236(enabled with the 237.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 238kernel option) 239reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 240even when not present. 241This is useful in hotswap scenarios 242where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 243and not depend on attach order. 244.Pp 245Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 246.Sh SEE ALSO 247.Xr ataraid 4 , 248.Xr atacontrol 8 , 249.Xr burncd 8 250.Sh HISTORY 251The 252.Nm 253driver first appeared in 254.Fx 4.0 . 255.Sh AUTHORS 256.An S\(/oren Schmidt 257.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 258