1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd October 4, 2008 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 89set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (default is 1, check the cable) 90.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 91set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 92.It Va hw.ata.wc 93set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 94.Em WARNING : 95can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 96.El 97.Sh DESCRIPTION 98The 99.Nm 100driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 101ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 102connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 103.Pp 104The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 105.Pp 106.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 107.It Acard: 108ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 109.It ALI: 110M5229, M5281, M5287, M5288, M5289. 111.It AMD: 112AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536. 113.It ATI: 114IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. 115.It CMD: 116CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 117.It Cypress: 118Cypress 82C693. 119.It Cyrix: 120Cyrix 5530. 121.It HighPoint: 122HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 123.It Intel: 1246300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10. 125.It ITE: 126IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F. 127.It JMicron: 128JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 129.It Marvell 13088SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 88SX6141. 131.It National: 132SC1100. 133.It NetCell: 134NC3000, NC5000. 135.It nVidia: 136nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. 137.It Promise: 138PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 139.It ServerWorks: 140HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 141.It Silicon Image: 142SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 143.It SiS: 144SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 145.It VIA: 146VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251. 147.El 148.Pp 149Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 150busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 151also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 152not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 153.Pp 154The 155.Nm 156driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 157when the system is up and running. 158See 159.Xr atacontrol 8 . 160.Pp 161The 162.Nm 163driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 164However the 165.Nm 166driver sometimes warns: 167.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 168This means that 169the 170.Nm 171driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 172or could not be detected properly, 173or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 174to UDMA2/ATA33. 175The 176.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 177tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check. 178.Pp 179Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 180.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 181tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 182Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 183common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 184You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 185.Xr atacontrol 8 , 186but be aware that your hardware might 187.Em not 188support it and can potentially 189.Em hang 190the entire system causing data loss. 191.Sh FILES 192.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 193.It Pa /dev/ad* 194ATA disk device nodes 195.It Pa /dev/ar* 196ATA RAID device nodes 197.It Pa /dev/acd* 198ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 199.It Pa /dev/afd* 200ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 201.It Pa /dev/ast* 202ATAPI tape drive device nodes 203.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 204sample generic kernel config file for 205.Nm 206based systems 207.El 208.Sh NOTES 209Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 210.Em must 211use 80 conductor cables. 212Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 213In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 214quality of the cables. 215SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 216.Pp 217Static device numbering 218(enabled with the 219.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 220kernel option) 221reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 222even when not present. 223This is useful in hotswap scenarios 224where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 225and not depend on attach order. 226.Pp 227Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 228.Sh SEE ALSO 229.Xr ataraid 4 , 230.Xr atacontrol 8 , 231.Xr burncd 8 232.Sh HISTORY 233The 234.Nm 235driver first appeared in 236.Fx 4.0 . 237.Sh AUTHORS 238.An S\(/oren Schmidt 239.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 240