xref: /freebsd/share/man/man4/ata.4 (revision 2e3f49888ec8851bafb22011533217487764fdb0)
1.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
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25.Dd March 23, 2015
26.Dt ATA 4
27.Os
28.Sh NAME
29.Nm ata
30.Nd generic ATA/SATA controller driver
31.Sh SYNOPSIS
32To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your
33kernel configuration file:
34.Bd -ragged -offset indent
35.Cd "device scbus"
36.Cd "device ata"
37.Ed
38.Pp
39Alternatively, to load the driver as set of modules at boot time,
40place some of the following lines in
41.Xr loader.conf 5 :
42.Bd -literal -offset indent
43ata_load="YES"
44
45ataisa_load="YES"
46atapci_load="YES"
47
48ataacard_load="YES"
49ataacerlabs_load="YES"
50ataamd_load="YES"
51ataati_load="YES"
52atacenatek_load="YES"
53atacypress_load="YES"
54atacyrix_load="YES"
55atahighpoint_load="YES"
56ataintel_load="YES"
57ataite_load="YES"
58atajmicron_load="YES"
59atamarvell_load="YES"
60atamicron_load="YES"
61atanational_load="YES"
62atanetcell_load="YES"
63atanvidia_load="YES"
64atapromise_load="YES"
65ataserverworks_load="YES"
66atasiliconimage_load="YES"
67atasis_load="YES"
68atavia_load="YES"
69.Ed
70.Pp
71The first line is for the common hardware independent code, and is a
72prerequisite for the other modules.
73The next three lines are generic bus-specific drivers.
74The rest are vendor-specific PCI drivers.
75.Pp
76The following tunables are settable from the
77.Xr loader 8 :
78.Bl -ohang
79.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin
80set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (the default is 1, check the cable).
81.It Va hint.atapci.X.msi
82set to 1 to allow Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) to be used by the
83specified PCI ATA controller, if supported.
84.It Va hint.ata.X.devX.mode
85limits the initial ATA mode for the specified device on the specified channel.
86.It Va hint.ata.X.mode
87limits the initial ATA mode for every device on the specified channel.
88.It Va hint.ata.X.pm_level
89controls SATA interface Power Management for the specified channel,
90allowing some power savings at the cost of additional command latency.
91Possible values:
92.Pp
93.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact
94.It 0
95Interface Power Management is disabled.
96This is the default value.
97.It 1
98The device is allowed to initiate a PM state change; the host is passive.
99.El
100.It Va hint.ata. Ns Ar X Ns Va .dev Ns Ar X Ns Va .sata_rev
101limits the initial SATA revision (speed) for the specified device
102on the specified channel.
103Values 1, 2 and 3 are respectively 1.5, 3 and 6Gbps.
104.It Va hint.ata. Ns Ar X Ns Va .sata_rev
105Same, but for every device on the specified channel.
106.El
107.Sh DESCRIPTION
108The
109.Nm
110driver gives the
111.Xr CAM 4
112subsystem access to the ATA (IDE) and SATA ports
113of many generic controllers.
114Depending on the controller, each PATA (IDE)
115port or each one or two SATA ports are
116represented to CAM as a separate bus with one or two targets.
117Most of the bus-management details are handled by the ATA/SATA-specific
118transport of CAM.
119Connected ATA disks are handled by the ATA protocol disk peripheral driver
120.Xr ada 4 .
121ATAPI devices are handled by the SCSI protocol peripheral drivers
122.Xr cd 4 ,
123.Xr da 4 ,
124.Xr sa 4 ,
125etc.
126.Pp
127This driver supports ATA, and for the most of controllers, ATAPI devices.
128Command queuing and SATA port multipliers are not supported.
129Device hot-plug and SATA interface power management is supported only on
130some controllers.
131.Pp
132The
133.Nm
134driver can change the transfer mode when the system is up and running.
135See the
136.Cm negotiate
137subcommand of
138.Xr camcontrol 8 .
139.Pp
140The
141.Nm
142driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default.
143However, the
144.Nm
145driver sometimes warns:
146.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device".
147This means that
148the
149.Nm
150driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present
151or could not be detected properly,
152or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up
153to UDMA2/ATA33.
154The
155.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin
156tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check.
157.Sh HARDWARE
158The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
159.Pp
160.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact
161.It Acard:
162ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R.
163.It ALI:
164M5228, M5229, M5281, M5283, M5287, M5288, M5289.
165.It AMD:
166AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536.
167.It ATI:
168IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, IXP600, IXP700, IXP800.
169.It CMD:
170CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649.
171.It Cypress:
172Cypress 82C693.
173.It Cyrix:
174Cyrix 5530.
175.It HighPoint:
176HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374.
177.It Intel:
1786300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5,
179ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10, SCH, PCH.
180.It ITE:
181IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F.
182.It JMicron:
183JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368.
184.It Marvell
18588SE6101, 88SE6102, 88SE6111, 88SE6121, 88SE6141, 88SE6145.
186.It National:
187SC1100.
188.It NetCell:
189NC3000, NC5000.
190.It nVidia:
191nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4,
192MCP51, MCP55, MCP61, MCP65, MCP67, MCP73, MCP77, MCP79, MCP89.
193.It Promise:
194PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270,
195PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375,
196PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580,
197PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519,
198PDC40718, PDC40719.
199.It ServerWorks:
200HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8.
201.It Silicon Image:
202SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512.
203.It SiS:
204SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630,
205SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962,
206SIS963, SIS964, SIS965.
207.It VIA:
208VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686,
209VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237,
210VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251, CX700, VX800, VX855, VX900.
211.El
212.Pp
213Some of above chips can be configured for AHCI mode.
214In such case they are supported by
215.Xr ahci 4
216driver instead.
217.Pp
218Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard
219busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is
220also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is
221not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
222.Sh NOTES
223Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you
224.Em must
225use 80 conductor cables.
226Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm.
227In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the
228quality of the cables.
229SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification.
230External SATA cables can be 2m long and more, but not all controllers
231work well on long cables, especially at high speeds.
232.Sh SEE ALSO
233.Xr ada 4 ,
234.Xr ahci 4 ,
235.Xr cam 4 ,
236.Xr cd 4 ,
237.Xr mvs 4 ,
238.Xr siis 4 ,
239.Xr camcontrol 8
240.Sh HISTORY
241The
242.Nm
243driver first appeared in
244.Fx 4.0 .
245It was turned into a
246.Xr CAM 4
247interface module in
248.Fx 9.0 .
249.Sh AUTHORS
250.An Alexander Motin Aq Mt mav@FreeBSD.org
251.An S\(/oren Schmidt Aq Mt sos@FreeBSD.org
252