1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd October 13, 2005 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 90.It Va hw.ata.wc 91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 92.Em WARNING : 93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 94.El 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm 98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 101.Pp 102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 105.It Acard: 106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 107.It ALI: 108M5229, M5281, M5287, M5289. 109.It AMD: 110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. 111.It ATI: 112IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. 113.It CMD: 114CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 115.It Cypress: 116Cypress 82C693. 117.It Cyrix: 118Cyrix 5530. 119.It HighPoint: 120HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 121.It Intel: 1226300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7. 123.It ITE: 124IT8211F, IT8212F. 125.It National: 126SC1100. 127.It nVidia: 128nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. 129.It Promise: 130PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 131.It ServerWorks: 132ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6. 133.It Silicon Image: 134SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512. 135.It SiS: 136SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 137.It VIA: 138VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237. 139.El 140.Pp 141Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 142busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 143also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 144not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 145.Pp 146The 147.Nm 148driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 149when the system is up and running. 150See 151.Xr atacontrol 8 . 152.Pp 153The 154.Nm 155driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 156However the 157.Nm 158driver sometimes warns: 159.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 160This means that 161the 162.Nm 163driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 164or could not be detected properly, 165or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 166to UDMA2/ATA33. 167.Pp 168Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 169.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 170tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 171Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 172common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 173You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 174.Xr atacontrol 8 , 175but be aware that your hardware might 176.Em not 177support it and can potentially 178.Em hang 179the entire system causing data loss. 180.Sh FILES 181.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 182.It Pa /dev/ad* 183ATA disk device nodes 184.It Pa /dev/ar* 185ATA RAID device nodes 186.It Pa /dev/acd* 187ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 188.It Pa /dev/afd* 189ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 190.It Pa /dev/ast* 191ATAPI tape drive device nodes 192.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 193sample generic kernel config file for 194.Nm 195based systems 196.El 197.Sh NOTES 198Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 199.Em must 200use 80 conductor cables. 201Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 202In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 203quality of the cables. 204SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 205.Pp 206Static device numbering 207(enabled with the 208.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 209kernel option) 210reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 211even when not present. 212This is useful in hotswap scenarios 213where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 214and not depend on attach order. 215.Sh SEE ALSO 216.Xr ataraid 4 , 217.Xr atacontrol 8 , 218.Xr burncd 8 219.Sh HISTORY 220The 221.Nm 222driver first appeared in 223.Fx 4.0 . 224.Sh AUTHORS 225.An S\(/oren Schmidt 226.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 227