1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd October 5, 2007 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 90.It Va hw.ata.wc 91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 92.Em WARNING : 93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 94.El 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm 98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 101.Pp 102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 105.It Acard: 106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 107.It ALI: 108M5229, M5281, M5287, M5288, M5289. 109.It AMD: 110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536. 111.It ATI: 112IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. 113.It CMD: 114CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 115.It Cypress: 116Cypress 82C693. 117.It Cyrix: 118Cyrix 5530. 119.It HighPoint: 120HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 121.It Intel: 1226300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9. 123.It ITE: 124IT8211F, IT8212F. 125.It JMicron: 126JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 127.It Marvell 12888SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 88SX6141. 129.It National: 130SC1100. 131.It NetCell: 132NC3000, NC5000. 133.It nVidia: 134nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. 135.It Promise: 136PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 137.It ServerWorks: 138HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 139.It Silicon Image: 140SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 141.It SiS: 142SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 143.It VIA: 144VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251. 145.El 146.Pp 147Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 148busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 149also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 150not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 151.Pp 152The 153.Nm 154driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 155when the system is up and running. 156See 157.Xr atacontrol 8 . 158.Pp 159The 160.Nm 161driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 162However the 163.Nm 164driver sometimes warns: 165.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 166This means that 167the 168.Nm 169driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 170or could not be detected properly, 171or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 172to UDMA2/ATA33. 173.Pp 174Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 175.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 176tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 177Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 178common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 179You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 180.Xr atacontrol 8 , 181but be aware that your hardware might 182.Em not 183support it and can potentially 184.Em hang 185the entire system causing data loss. 186.Sh FILES 187.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 188.It Pa /dev/ad* 189ATA disk device nodes 190.It Pa /dev/ar* 191ATA RAID device nodes 192.It Pa /dev/acd* 193ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 194.It Pa /dev/afd* 195ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 196.It Pa /dev/ast* 197ATAPI tape drive device nodes 198.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 199sample generic kernel config file for 200.Nm 201based systems 202.El 203.Sh NOTES 204Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 205.Em must 206use 80 conductor cables. 207Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 208In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 209quality of the cables. 210SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 211.Pp 212Static device numbering 213(enabled with the 214.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 215kernel option) 216reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 217even when not present. 218This is useful in hotswap scenarios 219where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 220and not depend on attach order. 221.Pp 222Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 223.Sh SEE ALSO 224.Xr ataraid 4 , 225.Xr atacontrol 8 , 226.Xr burncd 8 227.Sh HISTORY 228The 229.Nm 230driver first appeared in 231.Fx 4.0 . 232.Sh AUTHORS 233.An S\(/oren Schmidt 234.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 235