xref: /freebsd/share/man/man4/ahc.4 (revision f7c32ed617858bcd22f8d1b03199099d50125721) 
1.\"
2.\" Copyright (c) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000
3.\" 	Justin T. Gibbs.  All rights reserved.
4.\"
5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7.\" are met:
8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
14.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
15.\"
16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26.\"
27.\" $FreeBSD$
28.\"
29.Dd February 15, 2017
30.Dt AHC 4
31.Os
32.Sh NAME
33.Nm ahc
34.Nd Adaptec VL/ISA/PCI SCSI host adapter driver
35.Sh SYNOPSIS
36To compile this driver into the kernel,
37place the following lines in your
38kernel configuration file:
39.Bd -ragged -offset indent
40.Cd "device scbus"
41.Cd "device ahc"
42.Pp
43For one or more PCI cards:
44.Cd "device pci"
45.Pp
46To allow PCI adapters to use memory mapped I/O if enabled:
47.Cd options AHC_ALLOW_MEMIO
48.Pp
49To configure one or more controllers to assume the target role:
50.Cd options AHC_TMODE_ENABLE <bitmask of units>
51.Ed
52.Pp
53Alternatively, to load the driver as a
54module at boot time, place the following lines in
55.Xr loader.conf 5 :
56.Bd -literal -offset indent
57ahc_load="YES"
58ahc_isa_load="YES"
59ahc_pci_load="YES"
60.Ed
61.Sh DESCRIPTION
62This driver provides access to the
63.Tn SCSI
64bus(es) connected to the Adaptec AIC77xx and AIC78xx
65host adapter chips.
66.Pp
67Driver features include support for twin and wide busses,
68fast, ultra or ultra2 synchronous transfers depending on controller type,
69tagged queueing, SCB paging, and target mode.
70.Pp
71Memory mapped I/O can be enabled for PCI devices with the
72.Dq Dv AHC_ALLOW_MEMIO
73configuration option.
74Memory mapped I/O is more efficient than the alternative, programmed I/O.
75Most PCI BIOSes will map devices so that either technique for communicating
76with the card is available.
77In some cases,
78usually when the PCI device is sitting behind a PCI->PCI bridge,
79the BIOS may fail to properly initialize the chip for memory mapped I/O.
80The typical symptom of this problem is a system hang if memory mapped I/O
81is attempted.
82Most modern motherboards perform the initialization correctly and work fine
83with this option enabled.
84.Pp
85Individual controllers may be configured to operate in the target role
86through the
87.Dq Dv AHC_TMODE_ENABLE
88configuration option.
89The value assigned to this option should be a bitmap
90of all units where target mode is desired.
91For example, a value of 0x25, would enable target mode on units 0, 2, and 5.
92A value of 0x8a enables it for units 1, 3, and 7.
93.Pp
94Per target configuration performed in the
95.Tn SCSI-Select
96menu, accessible at boot
97is honored by this driver.
98This includes synchronous/asynchronous transfers,
99maximum synchronous negotiation rate,
100wide transfers,
101disconnection,
102the host adapter's SCSI ID.
103For systems that store non-volatile settings in a system specific manner
104rather than a serial eeprom directly connected to the aic7xxx controller,
105the
106.Tn BIOS
107must be enabled for the driver to access this information.
108This restriction applies to
109many chip-down motherboard configurations.
110.Pp
111Performance and feature sets vary throughout the aic7xxx product line.
112The following table provides a comparison of the different chips supported
113by the
114.Nm
115driver.
116Note that wide and twin channel features, although always supported
117by a particular chip, may be disabled in a particular motherboard or card
118design.
119.Bd -ragged -offset indent
120.Bl -column "aic7895CX" "MIPSX" "PCI/64X" "MaxSyncX" "MaxWidthX" "SCBsX" "2 3 4 5 6 7 8X"
121.It Em "Chip" Ta "MIPS" Ta "Bus" Ta "MaxSync" Ta "MaxWidth" Ta "SCBs" Ta "Features"
122.It "aic7770" Ta "10" Ta "VL" Ta "10MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "4" Ta "1"
123.It "aic7850" Ta "10" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "10MHz" Ta "8Bit" Ta "3" Ta ""
124.It "aic7860" Ta "10" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "20MHz" Ta "8Bit" Ta "3" Ta ""
125.It "aic7870" Ta "10" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "10MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta ""
126.It "aic7880" Ta "10" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "20MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta ""
127.It "aic7890" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "40MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "3 4 5 6 7 8"
128.It "aic7891" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/64" Ta "40MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "3 4 5 6 7 8"
129.It "aic7892" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/64" Ta "80MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "3 4 5 6 7 8"
130.It "aic7895" Ta "15" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "20MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "2 3 4 5"
131.It "aic7895C" Ta "15" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "20MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "2 3 4 5 8"
132.It "aic7896" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/32" Ta "40MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
133.It "aic7897" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/64" Ta "40MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
134.It "aic7899" Ta "20" Ta "PCI/64" Ta "80MHz" Ta "16Bit" Ta "16" Ta "2 3 4 5 6 7 8"
135.El
136.Pp
137.Bl -enum -compact
138.It
139Multiplexed Twin Channel Device - One controller servicing two busses.
140.It
141Multi-function Twin Channel Device - Two controllers on one chip.
142.It
143Command Channel Secondary DMA Engine - Allows scatter gather list and
144SCB prefetch.
145.It
14664 Byte SCB Support - SCSI CDB is embedded in the SCB to eliminate an extra DMA.
147.It
148Block Move Instruction Support - Doubles the speed of certain sequencer
149operations.
150.It
151.Sq Bayonet
152style Scatter Gather Engine - Improves S/G prefetch performance.
153.It
154Queuing Registers - Allows queueing of new transactions without pausing the
155sequencer.
156.It
157Multiple Target IDs - Allows the controller to respond to selection as a
158target on multiple SCSI IDs.
159.El
160.Ed
161.Sh HARDWARE
162The
163.Nm
164driver supports the following
165.Tn SCSI
166host adapter chips and
167.Tn SCSI
168controller cards:
169.Pp
170.Bl -bullet -compact
171.It
172Adaptec
173.Tn AIC7770
174host adapter chip
175.It
176Adaptec
177.Tn AIC7850
178host adapter chip
179.It
180Adaptec
181.Tn AIC7860
182host adapter chip
183.It
184Adaptec
185.Tn AIC7870
186host adapter chip
187.It
188Adaptec
189.Tn AIC7880
190host adapter chip
191.It
192Adaptec
193.Tn AIC7890
194host adapter chip
195.It
196Adaptec
197.Tn AIC7891
198host adapter chip
199.It
200Adaptec
201.Tn AIC7892
202host adapter chip
203.It
204Adaptec
205.Tn AIC7895
206host adapter chip
207.It
208Adaptec
209.Tn AIC7896
210host adapter chip
211.It
212Adaptec
213.Tn AIC7897
214host adapter chip
215.It
216Adaptec
217.Tn AIC7899
218host adapter chip
219.It
220Adaptec
221.Tn 274X(W)
222.It
223Adaptec
224.Tn 274X(T)
225.It
226Adaptec
227.Tn 2910
228.It
229Adaptec
230.Tn 2915
231.It
232Adaptec
233.Tn 2920C
234.It
235Adaptec
236.Tn 2930C
237.It
238Adaptec
239.Tn 2930U2
240.It
241Adaptec
242.Tn 2940
243.It
244Adaptec
245.Tn 2940J
246.It
247Adaptec
248.Tn 2940N
249.It
250Adaptec
251.Tn 2940U
252.It
253Adaptec
254.Tn 2940AU
255.It
256Adaptec
257.Tn 2940UW
258.It
259Adaptec
260.Tn 2940UW Dual
261.It
262Adaptec
263.Tn 2940UW Pro
264.It
265Adaptec
266.Tn 2940U2W
267.It
268Adaptec
269.Tn 2940U2B
270.It
271Adaptec
272.Tn 2950U2W
273.It
274Adaptec
275.Tn 2950U2B
276.It
277Adaptec
278.Tn 19160B
279.It
280Adaptec
281.Tn 29160B
282.It
283Adaptec
284.Tn 29160N
285.It
286Adaptec
287.Tn 3940
288.It
289Adaptec
290.Tn 3940U
291.It
292Adaptec
293.Tn 3940AU
294.It
295Adaptec
296.Tn 3940UW
297.It
298Adaptec
299.Tn 3940AUW
300.It
301Adaptec
302.Tn 3940U2W
303.It
304Adaptec
305.Tn 3950U2
306.It
307Adaptec
308.Tn 3960
309.It
310Adaptec
311.Tn 39160
312.It
313Adaptec
314.Tn 3985
315.It
316Adaptec
317.Tn 4944UW
318.It
319Many motherboards with on-board
320.Tn SCSI
321support
322.El
323.Sh SCSI CONTROL BLOCKS (SCBs)
324Every transaction sent to a device on the SCSI bus is assigned a
325.Sq SCSI Control Block
326(SCB).
327The SCB contains all of the information required by the
328controller to process a transaction.
329The chip feature table lists
330the number of SCBs that can be stored in on-chip memory.
331All chips
332with model numbers greater than or equal to 7870 allow for the on chip
333SCB space to be augmented with external SRAM up to a maximum of 255 SCBs.
334Very few Adaptec controller configurations have external SRAM.
335.Pp
336If external SRAM is not available, SCBs are a limited resource.
337Using the SCBs in a straight forward manner would only allow the driver to
338handle as many concurrent transactions as there are physical SCBs.
339To fully utilize the SCSI bus and the devices on it,
340requires much more concurrency.
341The solution to this problem is
342.Em SCB Paging ,
343a concept similar to memory paging.
344SCB paging takes advantage of
345the fact that devices usually disconnect from the SCSI bus for long
346periods of time without talking to the controller.
347The SCBs for disconnected transactions are only of use to the controller
348when the transfer is resumed.
349When the host queues another transaction
350for the controller to execute, the controller firmware will use a
351free SCB if one is available.
352Otherwise, the state of the most recently
353disconnected (and therefore most likely to stay disconnected) SCB is
354saved, via dma, to host memory, and the local SCB reused to start
355the new transaction.
356This allows the controller to queue up to
357255 transactions regardless of the amount of SCB space.
358Since the
359local SCB space serves as a cache for disconnected transactions, the
360more SCB space available, the less host bus traffic consumed saving
361and restoring SCB data.
362.Sh SEE ALSO
363.Xr ahd 4 ,
364.Xr cd 4 ,
365.Xr da 4 ,
366.Xr sa 4 ,
367.Xr scsi 4
368.Sh HISTORY
369The
370.Nm
371driver appeared in
372.Fx 2.0 .
373.Sh AUTHORS
374The
375.Nm
376driver, the
377.Tn AIC7xxx
378sequencer-code assembler,
379and the firmware running on the aic7xxx chips was written by
380.An Justin T. Gibbs .
381.Sh BUGS
382Some Quantum drives (at least the Empire 2100 and 1080s) will not run on an
383.Tn AIC7870
384Rev B in synchronous mode at 10MHz.
385Controllers with this problem have a
38642 MHz clock crystal on them and run slightly above 10MHz.
387This confuses the drive and hangs the bus.
388Setting a maximum synchronous negotiation rate of 8MHz in the
389.Tn SCSI-Select
390utility will allow normal operation.
391.Pp
392Although the Ultra2 and Ultra160 products have sufficient instruction
393ram space to support both the initiator and target roles concurrently,
394this configuration is disabled in favor of allowing the target role
395to respond on multiple target ids.
396A method for configuring dual role mode should be provided.
397.Pp
398Tagged Queuing is not supported in target mode.
399.Pp
400Reselection in target mode fails to function correctly on all high
401voltage differential boards as shipped by Adaptec.
402Information on
403how to modify HVD board to work correctly in target mode is available
404from Adaptec.
405