1.\"- 2.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 5.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.Dd April 12, 2024 32.Dt INTRO 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm intro 36.Nd introduction to general commands (tools and utilities) 37.Sh DESCRIPTION 38Section one of the manual contains most of the commands 39which comprise the 40.Fx 41user environment. 42Some of the commands included with the system in section one are 43text editors, command shell interpreters, 44searching and sorting tools, 45file manipulation commands, 46system status commands, 47remote file copy commands, mail commands, 48compilers and compiler tools, 49formatted output tools, 50and line printer commands. 51.Pp 52Tens of thousands of additional commands are available to be installed 53with 54.Xr pkg 8 , 55or compiled with the 56.Xr ports 7 57collection. 58Some of which include web browsers, office suites, calendars, 59conferencing utilities, integrated development environments, 60media players, audio and video processing suites, etc. 61.Pp 62All commands set a status value upon exit which may be tested 63to see if the command completed normally. 64Traditionally, the value 0 signifies successful 65completion of the command, while a value >0 indicates an error. 66Some commands attempt to describe the nature of the failure by using 67exit codes as defined in 68.Xr sysexits 3 , 69while others simply set the status to an arbitrary value >0 70.Pq typically 1 . 71.Sh FILES 72.Bl -tag -width "/usr/local/bin/tab" -compact 73.It Pa /bin/ 74Commands fundamental to single- and multi-user modes. 75.It Pa /usr/bin/ 76General commands included with the base system. 77.It Pa /usr/local/bin/ 78Locally installed commands from 79.Xr pkg 8 or 80.Xr ports 7 . 81.El 82.Sh SEE ALSO 83.Xr apropos 1 , 84.Xr man 1 , 85.Xr which 1 , 86.Xr intro 2 , 87.Xr intro 3 , 88.Xr sysexits 3 , 89.Xr intro 4 , 90.Xr intro 5 , 91.Xr intro 6 , 92.Xr intro 7 , 93.Xr ports 7 , 94.Xr security 7 , 95.Xr intro 8 , 96.Xr pkg 8 , 97.Xr intro 9 98.Pp 99Tutorials in the 100.%T "UNIX User's Manual Supplementary Documents" . 101.Sh HISTORY 102The 103.Nm Ns Pq 1 104manual page first appeared in 105.At v6 . 106