1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Sheldon Hearn 3.\" 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 15.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 16.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 17.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 19.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 21.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 22.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 23.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 24.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 25.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.\" $FreeBSD$ 28.\" 29.Dd May 9, 2010 30.Dt BUILTIN 1 31.Os 32.Sh NAME 33.Nm builtin , 34.Nm \&! , 35.Nm % , 36.Nm \&. , 37.Nm \&: , 38.Nm @ , 39.Nm \&[ , 40.Nm { , 41.Nm } , 42.Nm alias , 43.Nm alloc , 44.Nm bg , 45.Nm bind , 46.Nm bindkey , 47.Nm break , 48.Nm breaksw , 49.Nm builtins , 50.Nm case , 51.Nm cd , 52.Nm chdir , 53.Nm command , 54.Nm complete , 55.Nm continue , 56.Nm default , 57.Nm dirs , 58.Nm do , 59.Nm done , 60.Nm echo , 61.Nm echotc , 62.Nm elif , 63.Nm else , 64.Nm end , 65.Nm endif , 66.Nm endsw , 67.Nm esac , 68.Nm eval , 69.Nm exec , 70.Nm exit , 71.Nm export , 72.Nm false , 73.Nm fc , 74.Nm fg , 75.Nm filetest , 76.Nm fi , 77.Nm for , 78.Nm foreach , 79.Nm getopts , 80.Nm glob , 81.Nm goto , 82.Nm hash , 83.Nm hashstat , 84.Nm history , 85.Nm hup , 86.Nm if , 87.Nm jobid , 88.Nm jobs , 89.Nm kill , 90.Nm limit , 91.Nm local , 92.Nm log , 93.Nm login , 94.Nm logout , 95.Nm ls-F , 96.Nm nice , 97.Nm nohup , 98.Nm notify , 99.Nm onintr , 100.Nm popd , 101.Nm printenv , 102.Nm pushd , 103.Nm pwd , 104.Nm read , 105.Nm readonly , 106.Nm rehash , 107.Nm repeat , 108.Nm return , 109.Nm sched , 110.Nm set , 111.Nm setenv , 112.Nm settc , 113.Nm setty , 114.Nm setvar , 115.Nm shift , 116.Nm source , 117.Nm stop , 118.Nm suspend , 119.Nm switch , 120.Nm telltc , 121.Nm test , 122.Nm then , 123.Nm time , 124.Nm times , 125.Nm trap , 126.Nm true , 127.Nm type , 128.Nm ulimit , 129.Nm umask , 130.Nm unalias , 131.Nm uncomplete , 132.Nm unhash , 133.Nm unlimit , 134.Nm unset , 135.Nm unsetenv , 136.Nm until , 137.Nm wait , 138.Nm where , 139.Nm which , 140.Nm while 141.Nd shell built-in commands 142.Sh SYNOPSIS 143See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page. 144.Sh DESCRIPTION 145Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the 146running shell's process. 147Note that, in the case of 148.Xr csh 1 149builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as 150any component of a pipeline except the last. 151.Pp 152If a command specified to the shell contains a slash 153.Ql / , 154the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component 155of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command. 156Thus, while specifying 157.Dq Li echo 158causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the 159.Nm echo 160builtin command, 161specifying 162.Dq Li /bin/echo 163or 164.Dq Li ./echo 165does not. 166.Pp 167While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their 168operation may be different under each shell which supports them. 169Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells 170that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities. 171.Pp 172Only builtin commands for the 173.Xr csh 1 174and 175.Xr sh 1 176shells are listed here. 177Consult a shell's manual page for 178details on the operation its builtin commands. 179Beware that the 180.Xr sh 1 181manual page, at least, calls some of these commands 182.Dq built-in commands 183and some of them 184.Dq reserved words . 185Users of other shells may need to consult an 186.Xr info 1 187page or other sources of documentation. 188.Pp 189Commands marked 190.Dq Li No** 191under 192.Em External 193do exist externally, 194but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name. 195.Bl -column ".Ic uncomplete" ".Em External" ".Xr csh 1" ".Xr sh 1" -offset indent 196.It Em Command Ta Em External Ta Xr csh 1 Ta Xr sh 1 197.It Ic \&! Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 198.It Ic % Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 199.It Ic \&. Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 200.It Ic \&: Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 201.It Ic @ Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 202.It Ic \&[ Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes 203.It Ic { Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 204.It Ic } Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 205.It Ic alias Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 206.It Ic alloc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 207.It Ic bg Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 208.It Ic bind Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 209.It Ic bindkey Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 210.It Ic break Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 211.It Ic breaksw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 212.It Ic builtin Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 213.It Ic builtins Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 214.It Ic case Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 215.It Ic cd Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 216.It Ic chdir Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 217.It Ic command Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 218.It Ic complete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 219.It Ic continue Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 220.It Ic default Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 221.It Ic dirs Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 222.It Ic do Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 223.It Ic done Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 224.It Ic echo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Yes 225.It Ic echotc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 226.It Ic elif Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 227.It Ic else Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 228.It Ic end Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 229.It Ic endif Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 230.It Ic endsw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 231.It Ic esac Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 232.It Ic eval Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 233.It Ic exec Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 234.It Ic exit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 235.It Ic export Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 236.It Ic false Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes 237.It Ic fc Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 238.It Ic fg Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 239.It Ic filetest Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 240.It Ic fi Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 241.It Ic for Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 242.It Ic foreach Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 243.It Ic getopts Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 244.It Ic glob Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 245.It Ic goto Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 246.It Ic hash Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 247.It Ic hashstat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 248.It Ic history Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 249.It Ic hup Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 250.It Ic if Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 251.It Ic jobid Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 252.It Ic jobs Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 253.It Ic kill Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 254.It Ic limit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 255.It Ic local Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 256.It Ic log Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 257.It Ic login Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 258.It Ic logout Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 259.It Ic ls-F Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 260.It Ic nice Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 261.It Ic nohup Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 262.It Ic notify Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 263.It Ic onintr Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 264.It Ic popd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 265.It Ic printenv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 266.It Ic pushd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 267.It Ic pwd Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes 268.It Ic read Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 269.It Ic readonly Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 270.It Ic rehash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 271.It Ic repeat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 272.It Ic return Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 273.It Ic sched Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 274.It Ic set Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 275.It Ic setenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 276.It Ic settc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 277.It Ic setty Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 278.It Ic setvar Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 279.It Ic shift Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 280.It Ic source Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 281.It Ic stop Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 282.It Ic suspend Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 283.It Ic switch Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 284.It Ic telltc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 285.It Ic test Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes 286.It Ic then Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 287.It Ic time Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 288.It Ic times Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 289.It Ic trap Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 290.It Ic true Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes 291.It Ic type Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 292.It Ic ulimit Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes 293.It Ic umask Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 294.It Ic unalias Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 295.It Ic uncomplete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 296.It Ic unhash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 297.It Ic unlimit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 298.It Ic unset Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 299.It Ic unsetenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 300.It Ic until Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes 301.It Ic wait Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes 302.It Ic where Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No 303.It Ic which Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No 304.It Ic while Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes 305.El 306.Sh SEE ALSO 307.Xr csh 1 , 308.Xr echo 1 , 309.Xr false 1 , 310.Xr info 1 , 311.Xr kill 1 , 312.Xr login 1 , 313.Xr nice 1 , 314.Xr nohup 1 , 315.Xr printenv 1 , 316.Xr pwd 1 , 317.Xr sh 1 , 318.Xr test 1 , 319.Xr time 1 , 320.Xr true 1 , 321.Xr which 1 322.Sh HISTORY 323The 324.Nm 325manual page first appeared in 326.Fx 3.4 . 327.Sh AUTHORS 328This manual page was written by 329.An Sheldon Hearn Aq sheldonh@FreeBSD.org . 330