Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
International, Inc. Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc.
nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA
INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHERWISE) RISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.rs
1000 \*(Nr\(sl\*(Tr User's Manual Joseph F. Ossanna (updated for 4.3BSD by Mark Seiden) Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
0
NOTE: This document in its current form describes the troff\| program supplied with 4.4BSD. The groff\| program supplied with FreeBSD has a number of additional features and a couple of small incompatibilities. See groff(1)\| for more details. Introduction .pg \*(NR and \*(TR are text processors under the \s-1UNIX\s+1 Time-Sharing System that format text for typewriter-like terminals and for a \%Graphic Systems phototypesetter, respectively. (Device-independent \*(TR, part of the Documenter's Workbench, supports additional output devices.) They accept lines of text interspersed with lines of format control information and format the text into a printable, paginated document having a user-designed style. \*(NR and \*(TR offer unusual freedom in document styling, including: arbitrary style headers and footers; arbitrary style footnotes; multiple automatic sequence numbering for paragraphs, sections, etc; multiple column output; dynamic font and point-size control; arbitrary horizontal and vertical local motions at any point; and a family of automatic overstriking, bracket construction, and line drawing functions. .pg \*(NR and \*(TR are highly compatible with each other and it is almost always possible to prepare input acceptable to both. Conditional input is provided that enables the user to embed input expressly destined for either program. \*(NR can prepare output directly for a variety of terminal types and is capable of utilizing the full resolution of each terminal. .pg Usage .pg The general form of invoking \*(NR (or \*(TR) at \s-1UNIX\s+1 command level is .x1 nroff options files\ \h'|2i'(or troff options files) .x2 where options represents any of a number of option arguments and files represents the list of files containing the document to be formatted. An argument consisting of a single minus (-) is taken to be a file name corresponding to the standard input. If no file names are given input is taken from the standard input. The options, which may appear in any order so long as they appear before the files, are: .bd I 3 Option Effect.bd I .bt -i Read standard input after the input files are exhausted. .bt -mname Prepends the macro file \(slusr\(sllib\(sltmac.name to the input files. .bt -nN Number first generated page N. .bt -olist \ Print only pages whose page numbers appear in list, which consists of comma-separated numbers and number ranges. A number range has the form N-M and means pages N through M; a initial -N means from the beginning to page N; and a final N- means from N to the end. .bt -q \ Invoke the simultaneous input-output mode of the rd request. .bt -raN Number register a (one-character) is set to N. .bt -sN Stop every N pages. \*(NR will halt prior to every N pages (default N=1) to allow paper loading or changing, and will resume upon receipt of a newline. \*(TR will stop the phototypesetter every N pages, produce a trailer to allow changing cassettes, and will resume after the phototypesetter \s-1START\s+1 button is pressed. .bt -z Efficiently suppress formatted output. Only produce output to standard error (from tm requests or diagnostics). .bd I 3 \*(NR Only
.bd I .bt -Tname Specifies the name of the output terminal type. Currently defined names are 37 for the (default) Model 37 Teletype\(rg, tn300 for the GE TermiNet 300 (or any terminal without half-line capabilities), 300S for the \s-1DASI\s+1-300S, 300 for the \s-1DASI\s+1-300, and 450 for the \s-1DASI\s+1-450 (Diablo Hyterm). .bt -e \ Produce equally-spaced words in adjusted lines, using full terminal resolution. .bt -h \ On output, use tabs during horizontal spacing to increase speed. Device tabs setting are assumed to be (and input tabs are initially set to) every 8 character widths. .bd I 3 \*(TR Only
.bd I .bt -a Send a printable \s-1(ASCII)\s+1 approximation of the results to the standard output. .bt -b \*(TR will report whether the phototypesetter is busy or available. No text processing is done. .bt -f Refrain from feeding out paper and stopping phototypesetter at the end of the run. .bt -t Direct output to the standard output instead of the phototypesetter. .bt -w Wait until phototypesetter is available, if currently busy. .xx .pg Each option is invoked as a separate argument; for example, .x1 nroff -o4,8-10 -T300S -mabc file1 file2 .x2 requests formatting of pages 4, 8, 9, and 10 of a document contained in the files named file1 and file2, specifies the output terminal as a \s-1DASI\s+1-300S, and invokes the macro package abc. .pg Various pre- and post-processors are available for use with \*(NR and \*(TR. These include the equation preprocessors \s-1NEQN\s+1 and \s-1EQN\s+1\*u1\*d (for \*(NR and \*(TR respectively), and the table-construction preprocessor \s-1TBL\s+1\*u2\*d. A reverse-line postprocessor \s-1COL\s+1\*u3\*d is available for multiple-column \*(NR output on terminals without reverse-line ability; \s-1COL\s+1 expects the Model 37 Teletype escape sequences that \*(NR produces by default. \s-1TK\s+1\*u3\*d is a 37 Teletype simulator postprocessor for printing \*(NR output on a Tektronix 4014. \s-1TC\s+1\*u5\*d is a phototypesetter-simulator postprocessor for \*(TR that produces an approximation of phototypesetter output on a Tektronix 4014. For example, in .x1 tbl files | eqn | troff -t options | tc .x2 the first \||\| indicates the piping of \s-1TBL\s+1's output to \s-1EQN\s+1's input; the second the piping of \s-1EQN\s+1's output to \*(TR's input; and the third indicates the piping of \*(TR's output to \s-1TC\s+1.
.pg The remainder of this manual consists of: a Summary and outline; a Reference Manual keyed to the outline; and a set of Tutorial Examples. Another tutorial is [5]. .vs -1p .pg References .pg [1] B. W. Kernighan, L. L. Cherry, .ul Typesetting Mathematics \(em User's Guide (Second Edition), Bell Laboratories. [2] M. E. Lesk, .ul Tbl \(em A Program to Format Tables, Bell Laboratories internal memorandum. [3] Internal on-line documentation (man pages) on \s-1UNIX\s+1. [4] B. W. Kernighan, A TROFF Tutorial, Bell Laboratories. [5] Your site may have similar programs for more modern displays. .vs 12 .bp