Copyright (c) 1980, 1993
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by the University of
California, Berkeley and its contributors.
4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.

.ul 0 .nr IX 1 .. .nr PS 9 .nr VS 11 .vs 11 .nr HM .50i .nr FM .25i .nr PO 1.0i .po 1.0i .nr LL 4.5i .bp .. \\$1 .R ..

Ex Quick Reference .R

.h "Entering/leaving ex"

% ex name edit name, start at end

% ex +n name ... at line n

% ex -t tag start at tag

% ex -r list saved files

% ex -r name recover file name

% ex name ... edit first; rest via :n

% ex -R name read only mode

: x exit, saving changes

: q! exit, discarding changes

.h "Ex states"

Command

Normal and initial state. Input prompted for by :.

Your kill character cancels partial command.

Insert

Entered by a i and c.

Arbitrary text then terminates with line having only .

character on it or abnormally with interrupt.

Open/visual

Entered by open or vi, terminates with Q

or ^\e.

.h "Ex commands"

abbrev ab next n unabbrev una

append a number nu undo u

args ar open o unmap unm

change c preserve pre version ve

copy co print p visual vi

delete d put pu write w

edit e quit q xit x

file f read re yank ya

global g recover rec window z

insert i rewind rew escape !

join j set se lshift <

list l shell sh print next CR

map source so resubst &

mark ma stop st rshift >

move m substitute s scroll ^D

.h "Ex command addresses"

n line n /pat next with pat

. current ?pat previous with pat

$ last x-n n before x

+ next x,y x through y

- previous \(aax marked with x

+n n forward \(aa\(aa previous context

% 1,$

.nc .h "Specifying terminal type"

% setenv TERM type csh and all version 6

$ TERM=type; export TERM sh in Version 7

See also tset(1)

.h "Some terminal types"

2621 43 adm31 dw1 h19

2645 733 adm3a dw2 i100

300s 745 c100 gt40 mime

33 act4 dm1520 gt42 owl

37 act5 dm2500 h1500 t1061

4014 adm3 dm3025 h1510 vt52

.h "Initializing options"

EXINIT place set's here in environment var.

set x enable option

set nox disable option

set x=val give value val

set show changed options

set all show all options

set x? show value of option x

.h "Useful options"

autoindent ai supply indent

autowrite aw write before changing files

ignorecase ic in scanning

lisp ( ) { } are s-exp's

list print ^I for tab, $ at end

magic . [ * special in patterns

number nu number lines

paragraphs para macro names which start ...

redraw simulate smart terminal

scroll command mode lines

sections sect macro names ...

shiftwidth sw for < >, and input ^D

showmatch sm to ) and } as typed

slowopen slow choke updates during insert

window visual mode lines

wrapscan ws around end of buffer?

wrapmargin wm automatic line splitting

.h "Scanning pattern formation"

\(ua beginning of line

$ end of line

. any character

\e< beginning of word

\e> end of word

[str] any char in str

[\(uastr] ... not in str

[x-y] ... between x and y

* any number of preceding

.nc

Vi Quick Reference .R

.h "Entering/leaving vi"

% vi name edit name at top

% vi +n name ... at line n

% vi + name ... at end

% vi -r list saved files

% vi -r name recover file name

% vi name ... edit first; rest via :n

% vi -t tag start at tag

% vi +/pat name search for pat

% view name read only mode

ZZ exit from vi, saving changes

^Z stop vi for later resumption

.h "The display"

Last line

Error messages, echoing input to : / ? and !,

feedback about i/o and large changes.

@ lines On screen only, not in file.

~ lines Lines past end of file.

^x Control characters, ^? is delete.

tabs Expand to spaces, cursor at last.

.h "Vi states"

Command

Normal and initial state. Others return here.

ESC (escape) cancels partial command.

Insert

Entered by a i A I o O c C s S R.

Arbitrary text then terminates with ESC character,

or abnormally with interrupt.

Last line

Reading input for : / ? or !; terminate

with ESC or CR to execute, interrupt to cancel.

.h "Counts before vi commands"

line/column number z G |

scroll amount ^D ^U

replicate insert a i A I

repeat effect most rest

.h "Simple commands"

dw delete a word

de ... leaving punctuation

dd delete a line

3dd ... 3 lines

itextESC insert text abc

cwnewESC change word to new

easESC pluralize word

xp transpose characters

.nc .h "Interrupting, cancelling"

ESC end insert or incomplete cmd

^? (delete or rubout) interrupts

^L reprint screen if ^? scrambles it

.h "File manipulation"

:w write back changes

:wq write and quit

:q quit

:q! quit, discard changes

:e name edit file name

:e! reedit, discard changes

:e + name edit, starting at end

:e +n edit starting at line n

:e # edit alternate file

^\(ua synonym for :e #

:w name write file name

:w! name overwrite file name

:sh run shell, then return

:!cmd run cmd, then return

:n edit next file in arglist

:n args specify new arglist

:f show current file and line

^G synonym for :f

:ta tag to tag file entry tag

^] :ta, following word is tag

.h "Positioning within file"

^F forward screenfull

^B backward screenfull

^D scroll down half screen

^U scroll up half screen

G goto line (end default)

/pat next line matching pat

?pat prev line matching pat

n repeat last / or ?

N reverse last / or ?

/pat/+n n'th line after pat

?pat?-n n'th line before pat

]] next section/function

[[ previous section/function

% find matching ( ) { or }

.h "Adjusting the screen"

^L clear and redraw

^R retype, eliminate @ lines

zCR redraw, current at window top

z- ... at bottom

z\|. ... at center

/pat/z- pat line at bottom

zn\|. use n line window

^E scroll window down 1 line

^Y scroll window up 1 line

.nc .h "Marking and returning

\(ga\(ga previous context

\(aa\(aa ... at first non-white in line

mx mark position with letter x

\(gax to mark x

\(aax ... at first non-white in line

.h "Line positioning"

H home window line

L last window line

M middle window line

+ next line, at first non-white

- previous line, at first non-white

CR return, same as +

\(da or j next line, same column

\(ua or k previous line, same column

.h "Character positioning"

\(ua first non white

0 beginning of line

$ end of line

h or \(-> forward

l or \(<- backwards

^H same as \(<-

space same as \(->

fx find x forward

Fx f backward

tx upto x forward

Tx back upto x

; repeat last f F t or T

, inverse of ;

| to specified column

% find matching ( { ) or }

.h "Words, sentences, paragraphs"

w word forward

b back word

e end of word

) to next sentence

} to next paragraph

( back sentence

{ back paragraph

W blank delimited word

B back W

E to end of W

.h "Commands for \s-2LISP\s0"

) Forward s-expression

} ... but don't stop at atoms

( Back s-expression

{ ... but don't stop at atoms

.nc .h "Corrections during insert"

^H erase last character

^W erases last word

erase your erase, same as ^H

kill your kill, erase input this line

\e escapes ^H, your erase and kill

ESC ends insertion, back to command

^? interrupt, terminates insert

^D backtab over autoindent

\(ua^D kill autoindent, save for next

0^D ... but at margin next also

^V quote non-printing character

.h "Insert and replace"

a append after cursor

i insert before

A append at end of line

I insert before first non-blank

o open line below

O open above

rx replace single char with x

R replace characters

.h "Operators (double to affect lines)"

d delete

c change

< left shift

> right shift

! filter through command

= indent for \s-2LISP\s0

y yank lines to buffer

.h "Miscellaneous operations"

C change rest of line

D delete rest of line

s substitute chars

S substitute lines

J join lines

x delete characters

X ... before cursor

Y yank lines

.h "Yank and put"

p put back lines

P put before

"xp put from buffer x

"xy yank to buffer x

"xd delete into buffer x

.h "Undo, redo, retrieve"

u undo last change

U restore current line

. repeat last change

"d\|p retrieve d'th last delete