The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
Fsck_ffs - The UNIX\(dg File System Check Program .EH 'SMM:3-%''The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program' .OH 'The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program''SMM:3-%' .AU Marshall Kirk McKusick .AI Computer Systems Research Group Computer Science Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 .AU T. J. Kowalski .AI Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 .AB .FS \(dgUNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories. .FE .FS This work was done under grants from the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144, and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235. .FE This document reflects the use of fsck_ffs with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization. This is a revision of the original paper written by T. J. Kowalski.
File System Check Program (fsck_ffs) is an interactive file system check and repair program. Fsck_ffs uses the redundant structural information in the UNIX file system to perform several consistency checks. If an inconsistency is detected, it is reported to the operator, who may elect to fix or ignore each inconsistency. These inconsistencies result from the permanent interruption of the file system updates, which are performed every time a file is modified. Unless there has been a hardware failure, fsck_ffs is able to repair corrupted file systems using procedures based upon the order in which UNIX honors these file system update requests.
The purpose of this document is to describe the normal updating of the file system, to discuss the possible causes of file system corruption, and to present the corrective actions implemented by fsck_ffs. Both the program and the interaction between the program and the operator are described.
Revised October 7, 1996 .AE
.bp
"TABLE OF CONTENTS"
"1. Introduction"
"2. Overview of the file system 2.1. Superblock 2.2. Summary Information 2.3. Cylinder groups 2.4. Fragments 2.5. Updates to the file system
"3. Fixing corrupted file systems 3.1. Detecting and correcting corruption 3.2. Super block checking 3.3. Free block checking 3.4. Checking the inode state 3.5. Inode links 3.6. Inode data size 3.7. Checking the data associated with an inode 3.8. File system connectivity
Acknowledgements
References
"4. Appendix A 4.1. Conventions 4.2. Initialization 4.3. Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes 4.4. Phase 1b - Rescan for more Dups 4.5. Phase 2 - Check Pathnames 4.6. Phase 3 - Check Connectivity 4.7. Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts 4.8. Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups 4.9. Cleanup .bp