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======================================================================== Title "OPENSSL-CA 1" OPENSSL-CA 1 "2023-06-02" "3.0.9" "OpenSSL"
For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes way too many mistakes in technical documents. "NAME"
openssl-ca - sample minimal CA application
"SYNOPSIS"
Header "SYNOPSIS" \fBopenssl
ca
[
-help]
[
-verbose]
[
-config filename]
[
-name section]
[
-section section]
[
-gencrl]
[
-revoke file]
[
-valid file]
[
-status serial]
[
-updatedb]
[
-crl_reason reason]
[
-crl_hold instruction]
[
-crl_compromise time]
[
-crl_CA_compromise time]
[
-crl_lastupdate date]
[
-crl_nextupdate date]
[
-crldays days]
[
-crlhours hours]
[
-crlsec seconds]
[
-crlexts section]
[
-startdate date]
[
-enddate date]
[
-days arg]
[
-md arg]
[
-policy arg]
[
-keyfile filename|
uri]
[
-keyform \s-1DER\s0|
\s-1PEM\s0|
P12|
\s-1ENGINE\s0]
[
-key arg]
[
-passin arg]
[
-cert file]
[
-certform \s-1DER\s0|
\s-1PEM\s0|
P12]
[
-selfsign]
[
-in file]
[
-inform \s-1DER\s0|<\s-1PEM\s0>]
[
-out file]
[
-notext]
[
-dateopt]
[
-outdir dir]
[
-infiles]
[
-spkac file]
[
-ss_cert file]
[
-preserveDN]
[
-noemailDN]
[
-batch]
[
-msie_hack]
[
-extensions section]
[
-extfile section]
[
-subj arg]
[
-utf8]
[
-sigopt nm:
v]
[
-vfyopt nm:
v]
[
-create_serial]
[
-rand_serial]
[
-multivalue-rdn]
[
-rand files]
[
-writerand file]
[
-engine id]
[
-provider name]
[
-provider-path path]
[
-propquery propq]
[
certreq...]
"DESCRIPTION"
Header "DESCRIPTION" This command emulates a \s-1CA\s0 application.
See the
\s-1WARNINGS\s0 especially when considering to use it productively.
It can be used to sign certificate requests (CSRs) in a variety of forms
and generate certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
It also maintains a text database of issued certificates and their status.
When signing certificates, a single request can be specified
with the
-in option, or multiple requests can be processed by
specifying a set of
certreq files after all options.
Note that there are also very lean ways of generating certificates:
the req and x509 commands can be used for directly creating certificates.
See openssl-req\|(1) and openssl-x509\|(1) for details.
The descriptions of the ca command options are divided into each purpose.
"OPTIONS"
Header "OPTIONS" "-help" 4
Item "-help" Print out a usage message.
"-verbose" 4
Item "-verbose" This prints extra details about the operations being performed.
"-config filename" 4
Item "-config filename" Specifies the configuration file to use.
Optional; for a description of the default value,
see \*(L"\s-1COMMAND SUMMARY\*(R"\s0 in
openssl\|(1).
"-name section, -section section" 4
Item "-name section, -section section" Specifies the configuration file section to use (overrides
\fBdefault_ca in the
ca section).
"-in filename" 4
Item "-in filename" An input filename containing a single certificate request (\s-1CSR\s0) to be
signed by the \s-1CA.\s0
"-inform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0" 4
Item "-inform DER|PEM" The format of the data in certificate request input files;
unspecified by default.
See
openssl-format-options\|(1) for details.
"-ss_cert filename" 4
Item "-ss_cert filename" A single self-signed certificate to be signed by the \s-1CA.\s0
"-spkac filename" 4
Item "-spkac filename" A file containing a single Netscape signed public key and challenge
and additional field values to be signed by the \s-1CA.\s0 See the
\s-1SPKAC FORMAT\s0
section for information on the required input and output format.
"-infiles" 4
Item "-infiles" If present this should be the last option, all subsequent arguments
are taken as the names of files containing certificate requests.
"-out filename" 4
Item "-out filename" The output file to output certificates to. The default is standard
output. The certificate details will also be printed out to this
file in \s-1PEM\s0 format (except that
-spkac outputs \s-1DER\s0 format).
"-outdir directory" 4
Item "-outdir directory" The directory to output certificates to. The certificate will be
written to a filename consisting of the serial number in hex with
\fI.pem appended.
"-cert filename" 4
Item "-cert filename" The \s-1CA\s0 certificate, which must match with
-keyfile.
"-certform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|P12" 4
Item "-certform DER|PEM|P12" The format of the data in certificate input files; unspecified by default.
See
openssl-format-options\|(1) for details.
"-keyfile filename|uri" 4
Item "-keyfile filename|uri" The \s-1CA\s0 private key to sign certificate requests with.
This must match with
-cert.
"-keyform \s-1DER\s0|\s-1PEM\s0|P12|\s-1ENGINE\s0" 4
Item "-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE" The format of the private key input file; unspecified by default.
See
openssl-format-options\|(1) for details.
"-sigopt nm:v" 4
Item "-sigopt nm:v" Pass options to the signature algorithm during sign operations.
Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
"-vfyopt nm:v" 4
Item "-vfyopt nm:v" Pass options to the signature algorithm during verify operations.
Names and values of these options are algorithm-specific.
.Sp
This often needs to be given while signing too, because the self-signature of
a certificate signing request (\s-1CSR\s0) is verified against the included public key,
and that verification may need its own set of options.
"-key password" 4
Item "-key password" The password used to encrypt the private key. Since on some
systems the command line arguments are visible (e.g., when using
\fBps\|(1) on Unix),
this option should be used with caution.
Better use
-passin.
"-passin arg" 4
Item "-passin arg" The key password source for key files and certificate PKCS#12 files.
For more information about the format of
arg
see
openssl-passphrase-options\|(1).
"-selfsign" 4
Item "-selfsign" Indicates the issued certificates are to be signed with the key
the certificate requests were signed with (given with
-keyfile).
Certificate requests signed with a different key are ignored.
If
-spkac,
-ss_cert or
-gencrl are given,
-selfsign is ignored.
.Sp
A consequence of using
-selfsign is that the self-signed
certificate appears among the entries in the certificate database
(see the configuration option
database), and uses the same
serial number counter as all other certificates sign with the
self-signed certificate.
"-notext" 4
Item "-notext" Don't output the text form of a certificate to the output file.
"-dateopt" 4
Item "-dateopt" Specify the date output format. Values are: rfc_822 and iso_8601.
Defaults to rfc_822.
"-startdate date" 4
Item "-startdate date" This allows the start date to be explicitly set. The format of the
date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure), or
\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 GeneralizedTime structure). In
both formats, seconds \s-1SS\s0 and timezone Z must be present.
"-enddate date" 4
Item "-enddate date" This allows the expiry date to be explicitly set. The format of the
date is \s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure), or
\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 GeneralizedTime structure). In
both formats, seconds \s-1SS\s0 and timezone Z must be present.
"-days arg" 4
Item "-days arg" The number of days to certify the certificate for.
"-md alg" 4
Item "-md alg" The message digest to use.
Any digest supported by the
openssl-dgst\|(1) command can be used. For signing
algorithms that do not support a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448) any message
digest that is set is ignored. This option also applies to CRLs.
"-policy arg" 4
Item "-policy arg" This option defines the \s-1CA\s0 \*(L"policy\*(R" to use. This is a section in
the configuration file which decides which fields should be mandatory
or match the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. Check out the
\s-1POLICY FORMAT\s0 section
for more information.
"-msie_hack" 4
Item "-msie_hack" This is a deprecated option to make this command work with very old versions
of the \s-1IE\s0 certificate enrollment control \*(L"certenr3\*(R". It used UniversalStrings
for almost everything. Since the old control has various security bugs
its use is strongly discouraged.
"-preserveDN" 4
Item "-preserveDN" Normally the \s-1DN\s0 order of a certificate is the same as the order of the
fields in the relevant policy section. When this option is set the order
is the same as the request. This is largely for compatibility with the
older \s-1IE\s0 enrollment control which would only accept certificates if their
DNs match the order of the request. This is not needed for Xenroll.
"-noemailDN" 4
Item "-noemailDN" The \s-1DN\s0 of a certificate can contain the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field if present in the
request \s-1DN,\s0 however, it is good policy just having the e-mail set into
the altName extension of the certificate. When this option is set the
\s-1EMAIL\s0 field is removed from the certificate' subject and set only in
the, eventually present, extensions. The
email_in_dn keyword can be
used in the configuration file to enable this behaviour.
"-batch" 4
Item "-batch" This sets the batch mode. In this mode no questions will be asked
and all certificates will be certified automatically.
"-extensions section" 4
Item "-extensions section" The section of the configuration file containing certificate extensions
to be added when a certificate is issued (defaults to
x509_extensions
unless the
-extfile option is used).
If no X.509 extensions are specified then a V1 certificate is created,
else a V3 certificate is created.
See the
x509v3_config\|(5) manual page for details of the
extension section format.
"-extfile file" 4
Item "-extfile file" An additional configuration file to read certificate extensions from
(using the default section unless the
-extensions option is also
used).
"-subj arg" 4
Item "-subj arg" Supersedes subject name given in the request.
.Sp
The arg must be formatted as
\*(C`/type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...\*(C'.
Special characters may be escaped by
\*(C`\e\*(C' (backslash), whitespace is retained.
Empty values are permitted, but the corresponding type will not be included
in the resulting certificate.
Giving a single
\*(C`/\*(C' will lead to an empty sequence of RDNs (a NULL-DN).
Multi-valued RDNs can be formed by placing a
\*(C`+\*(C' character instead of a
\*(C`/\*(C'
between the AttributeValueAssertions (AVAs) that specify the members of the set.
Example:
.Sp
\f(CW\*(C`/DC=
org/
DC=
OpenSSL/
DC=
users/
UID=123456+CN=John Doe\*(C'
"-utf8" 4
Item "-utf8" This option causes field values to be interpreted as \s-1UTF8\s0 strings, by
default they are interpreted as \s-1ASCII.\s0 This means that the field
values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a
configuration file, must be valid \s-1UTF8\s0 strings.
"-create_serial" 4
Item "-create_serial" If reading serial from the text file as specified in the configuration
fails, specifying this option creates a new random serial to be used as next
serial number.
To get random serial numbers, use the
-rand_serial flag instead; this
should only be used for simple error-recovery.
"-rand_serial" 4
Item "-rand_serial" Generate a large random number to use as the serial number.
This overrides any option or configuration to use a serial number file.
"-multivalue-rdn" 4
Item "-multivalue-rdn" This option has been deprecated and has no effect.
"-rand files, -writerand file" 4
Item "-rand files, -writerand file" See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in
openssl\|(1) for details.
"-engine id" 4
Item "-engine id" See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in
openssl\|(1).
This option is deprecated.
"-provider name" 4
Item "-provider name" 0
"-provider-path path" 4
Item "-provider-path path" "-propquery propq" 4
Item "-propquery propq"
See \*(L"Provider Options\*(R" in openssl\|(1), provider\|(7), and property\|(7).
"CRL OPTIONS"
Header "CRL OPTIONS" "-gencrl" 4
Item "-gencrl" This option generates a \s-1CRL\s0 based on information in the index file.
"-crl_lastupdate time" 4
Item "-crl_lastupdate time" Allows the value of the \s-1CRL\s0's lastUpdate field to be explicitly set; if
this option is not present, the current time is used. Accepts times in
\s-1YYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 format (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 UTCTime structure) or
\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0 format (the same as an \s-1ASN1\s0 GeneralizedTime structure).
"-crl_nextupdate time" 4
Item "-crl_nextupdate time" Allows the value of the \s-1CRL\s0's nextUpdate field to be explicitly set; if
this option is present, any values given for
-crldays,
-crlhours
and
-crlsec are ignored. Accepts times in the same formats as
\fB-crl_lastupdate.
"-crldays num" 4
Item "-crldays num" The number of days before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due. That is the days from
now to place in the \s-1CRL\s0 nextUpdate field.
"-crlhours num" 4
Item "-crlhours num" The number of hours before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due.
"-crlsec num" 4
Item "-crlsec num" The number of seconds before the next \s-1CRL\s0 is due.
"-revoke filename" 4
Item "-revoke filename" A filename containing a certificate to revoke.
"-valid filename" 4
Item "-valid filename" A filename containing a certificate to add a Valid certificate entry.
"-status serial" 4
Item "-status serial" Displays the revocation status of the certificate with the specified
serial number and exits.
"-updatedb" 4
Item "-updatedb" Updates the database index to purge expired certificates.
"-crl_reason reason" 4
Item "-crl_reason reason" Revocation reason, where
reason is one of:
unspecified,
keyCompromise,
\fBCACompromise,
affiliationChanged,
superseded,
cessationOfOperation,
\fBcertificateHold or
removeFromCRL. The matching of
reason is case
insensitive. Setting any revocation reason will make the \s-1CRL\s0 v2.
.Sp
In practice
removeFromCRL is not particularly useful because it is only used
in delta CRLs which are not currently implemented.
"-crl_hold instruction" 4
Item "-crl_hold instruction" This sets the \s-1CRL\s0 revocation reason code to
certificateHold and the hold
instruction to
instruction which must be an \s-1OID.\s0 Although any \s-1OID\s0 can be
used only
holdInstructionNone (the use of which is discouraged by \s-1RFC2459\s0)
\fBholdInstructionCallIssuer or
holdInstructionReject will normally be used.
"-crl_compromise time" 4
Item "-crl_compromise time" This sets the revocation reason to
keyCompromise and the compromise time to
\fItime.
time should be in GeneralizedTime format that is
\s-1YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\s0.
"-crl_CA_compromise time" 4
Item "-crl_CA_compromise time" This is the same as
crl_compromise except the revocation reason is set to
\fBCACompromise.
"-crlexts section" 4
Item "-crlexts section" The section of the configuration file containing \s-1CRL\s0 extensions to
include. If no \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present then a V1 \s-1CRL\s0 is
created, if the \s-1CRL\s0 extension section is present (even if it is
empty) then a V2 \s-1CRL\s0 is created. The \s-1CRL\s0 extensions specified are
\s-1CRL\s0 extensions and
not \s-1CRL\s0 entry extensions. It should be noted
that some software (for example Netscape) can't handle V2 CRLs. See
\fBx509v3_config\|(5) manual page for details of the
extension section format.
"CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS"
Header "CONFIGURATION FILE OPTIONS" The section of the configuration file containing options for this command
is found as follows: If the
-name command line option is used,
then it names the section to be used. Otherwise the section to
be used must be named in the
default_ca option of the
ca section
of the configuration file (or in the default section of the
configuration file). Besides
default_ca, the following options are
read directly from the
ca section:
\s-1RANDFILE\s0
preserve
msie_hack
With the exception of
\s-1RANDFILE\s0, this is probably a bug and may
change in future releases.
Many of the configuration file options are identical to command line
options. Where the option is present in the configuration file
and the command line the command line value is used. Where an
option is described as mandatory then it must be present in
the configuration file or the command line equivalent (if
any) used.
"oid_file" 4
Item "oid_file" This specifies a file containing additional
\s-1OBJECT IDENTIFIERS\s0.
Each line of the file should consist of the numerical form of the
object identifier followed by whitespace then the short name followed
by whitespace and finally the long name.
"oid_section" 4
Item "oid_section" This specifies a section in the configuration file containing extra
object identifiers. Each line should consist of the short name of the
object identifier followed by
= and the numerical form. The short
and long names are the same when this option is used.
"new_certs_dir" 4
Item "new_certs_dir" The same as the
-outdir command line option. It specifies
the directory where new certificates will be placed. Mandatory.
"certificate" 4
Item "certificate" The same as
-cert. It gives the file containing the \s-1CA\s0
certificate. Mandatory.
"private_key" 4
Item "private_key" Same as the
-keyfile option. The file containing the
\s-1CA\s0 private key. Mandatory.
"\s-1RANDFILE\s0" 4
Item "RANDFILE" At startup the specified file is loaded into the random number generator,
and at exit 256 bytes will be written to it. (Note: Using a \s-1RANDFILE\s0 is
not necessary anymore, see the \*(L"\s-1HISTORY\*(R"\s0 section.
"default_days" 4
Item "default_days" The same as the
-days option. The number of days to certify
a certificate for.
"default_startdate" 4
Item "default_startdate" The same as the
-startdate option. The start date to certify
a certificate for. If not set the current time is used.
"default_enddate" 4
Item "default_enddate" The same as the
-enddate option. Either this option or
\fBdefault_days (or the command line equivalents) must be
present.
"default_crl_hours default_crl_days" 4
Item "default_crl_hours default_crl_days" The same as the
-crlhours and the
-crldays options. These
will only be used if neither command line option is present. At
least one of these must be present to generate a \s-1CRL.\s0
"default_md" 4
Item "default_md" The same as the
-md option. Mandatory except where the signing algorithm does
not require a digest (i.e. Ed25519 and Ed448).
"database" 4
Item "database" The text database file to use. Mandatory. This file must be present
though initially it will be empty.
"unique_subject" 4
Item "unique_subject" If the value
yes is given, the valid certificate entries in the
database must have unique subjects. if the value
no is given,
several valid certificate entries may have the exact same subject.
The default value is
yes, to be compatible with older (pre 0.9.8)
versions of OpenSSL. However, to make \s-1CA\s0 certificate roll-over easier,
it's recommended to use the value
no, especially if combined with
the
-selfsign command line option.
.Sp
Note that it is valid in some circumstances for certificates to be created
without any subject. In the case where there are multiple certificates without
subjects this does not count as a duplicate.
"serial" 4
Item "serial" A text file containing the next serial number to use in hex. Mandatory.
This file must be present and contain a valid serial number.
"crlnumber" 4
Item "crlnumber" A text file containing the next \s-1CRL\s0 number to use in hex. The crl number
will be inserted in the CRLs only if this file exists. If this file is
present, it must contain a valid \s-1CRL\s0 number.
"x509_extensions" 4
Item "x509_extensions" A fallback to the
-extensions option.
"crl_extensions" 4
Item "crl_extensions" A fallback to the
-crlexts option.
"preserve" 4
Item "preserve" The same as
-preserveDN
"email_in_dn" 4
Item "email_in_dn" The same as
-noemailDN. If you want the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field to be removed
from the \s-1DN\s0 of the certificate simply set this to 'no'. If not present
the default is to allow for the \s-1EMAIL\s0 filed in the certificate's \s-1DN.\s0
"msie_hack" 4
Item "msie_hack" The same as
-msie_hack
"policy" 4
Item "policy" The same as
-policy. Mandatory. See the
\s-1POLICY FORMAT\s0 section
for more information.
"name_opt, cert_opt" 4
Item "name_opt, cert_opt" These options allow the format used to display the certificate details
when asking the user to confirm signing. All the options supported by
the
x509 utilities
-nameopt and
-certopt switches can be used
here, except the
no_signame and
no_sigdump are permanently set
and cannot be disabled (this is because the certificate signature cannot
be displayed because the certificate has not been signed at this point).
.Sp
For convenience the values
ca_default are accepted by both to produce
a reasonable output.
.Sp
If neither option is present the format used in earlier versions of
OpenSSL is used. Use of the old format is
strongly discouraged because
it only displays fields mentioned in the
policy section, mishandles
multicharacter string types and does not display extensions.
"copy_extensions" 4
Item "copy_extensions" Determines how extensions in certificate requests should be handled.
If set to
none or this option is not present then extensions are
ignored and not copied to the certificate. If set to
copy then any
extensions present in the request that are not already present are copied
to the certificate. If set to
copyall then all extensions in the
request are copied to the certificate: if the extension is already present
in the certificate it is deleted first. See the
\s-1WARNINGS\s0 section before
using this option.
.Sp
The main use of this option is to allow a certificate request to supply
values for certain extensions such as subjectAltName.
"POLICY FORMAT"
Header "POLICY FORMAT" The policy section consists of a set of variables corresponding to
certificate \s-1DN\s0 fields. If the value is \*(L"match\*(R" then the field value
must match the same field in the \s-1CA\s0 certificate. If the value is
\*(L"supplied\*(R" then it must be present. If the value is \*(L"optional\*(R" then
it may be present. Any fields not mentioned in the policy section
are silently deleted, unless the
-preserveDN option is set but
this can be regarded more of a quirk than intended behaviour.
"SPKAC FORMAT"
Header "SPKAC FORMAT" The input to the
-spkac command line option is a Netscape
signed public key and challenge. This will usually come from
the
\s-1KEYGEN\s0 tag in an \s-1HTML\s0 form to create a new private key.
It is however possible to create SPKACs using
openssl-spkac\|(1).
The file should contain the variable \s-1SPKAC\s0 set to the value of
the \s-1SPKAC\s0 and also the required \s-1DN\s0 components as name value pairs.
If you need to include the same component twice then it can be
preceded by a number and a '.'.
When processing \s-1SPKAC\s0 format, the output is \s-1DER\s0 if the -out
flag is used, but \s-1PEM\s0 format if sending to stdout or the -outdir
flag is used.
"EXAMPLES"
Header "EXAMPLES" Note: these examples assume that the directory structure this command
assumes is already set up and the relevant files already exist. This
usually involves creating a \s-1CA\s0 certificate and private key with
\fBopenssl-req\|(1), a serial number file and an empty index file and
placing them in the relevant directories.
To use the sample configuration file below the directories demoCA,
\fIdemoCA/private and demoCA/newcerts would be created. The \s-1CA\s0
certificate would be copied to demoCA/cacert.pem and its private
key to demoCA/private/cakey.pem. A file demoCA/serial would be
created containing for example \*(L"01\*(R" and the empty index file
\fIdemoCA/index.txt.
Sign a certificate request:
.Vb 1
openssl ca -in req.pem -out newcert.pem
.Ve
Sign an \s-1SM2\s0 certificate request:
.Vb 3
openssl ca -in sm2.csr -out sm2.crt -md sm3 \e
-sigopt "distid:1234567812345678" \e
-vfyopt "distid:1234567812345678"
.Ve
Sign a certificate request, using \s-1CA\s0 extensions:
.Vb 1
openssl ca -in req.pem -extensions v3_ca -out newcert.pem
.Ve
Generate a \s-1CRL\s0
.Vb 1
openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem
.Ve
Sign several requests:
.Vb 1
openssl ca -infiles req1.pem req2.pem req3.pem
.Ve
Certify a Netscape \s-1SPKAC:\s0
.Vb 1
openssl ca -spkac spkac.txt
.Ve
A sample \s-1SPKAC\s0 file (the \s-1SPKAC\s0 line has been truncated for clarity):
.Vb 5
SPKAC=MIG0MGAwXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAANLADBIAkEAn7PDhCeV/xIxUg8V70YRxK2A5
CN=Steve Test
emailAddress=steve@openssl.org
0.OU=OpenSSL Group
1.OU=Another Group
.Ve
A sample configuration file with the relevant sections for this command:
.Vb 2
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
\&
[ CA_default ]
\&
dir = ./demoCA # top dir
database = $dir/index.txt # index file.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # new certs dir
\&
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA cert
serial = $dir/serial # serial no file
#rand_serial = yes # for random serial#\*(Aqs
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# CA private key
\&
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = md5 # md to use
\&
policy = policy_any # default policy
email_in_dn = no # Don\*(Aqt add the email into cert DN
\&
name_opt = ca_default # Subject name display option
cert_opt = ca_default # Certificate display option
copy_extensions = none # Don\*(Aqt copy extensions from request
\&
[ policy_any ]
countryName = supplied
stateOrProvinceName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
.Ve
"FILES"
Header "FILES" Note: the location of all files can change either by compile time options,
configuration file entries, environment variables or command line options.
The values below reflect the default values.
.Vb 9
/usr/local/ssl/lib/openssl.cnf - master configuration file
./demoCA - main CA directory
./demoCA/cacert.pem - CA certificate
./demoCA/private/cakey.pem - CA private key
./demoCA/serial - CA serial number file
./demoCA/serial.old - CA serial number backup file
./demoCA/index.txt - CA text database file
./demoCA/index.txt.old - CA text database backup file
./demoCA/certs - certificate output file
.Ve
"RESTRICTIONS"
Header "RESTRICTIONS" The text database index file is a critical part of the process and
if corrupted it can be difficult to fix. It is theoretically possible
to rebuild the index file from all the issued certificates and a current
\s-1CRL:\s0 however there is no option to do this.
V2 \s-1CRL\s0 features like delta CRLs are not currently supported.
Although several requests can be input and handled at once it is only
possible to include one \s-1SPKAC\s0 or self-signed certificate.
"BUGS"
Header "BUGS" This command is quirky and at times downright unfriendly.
The use of an in-memory text database can cause problems when large
numbers of certificates are present because, as the name implies
the database has to be kept in memory.
This command really needs rewriting or the required functionality
exposed at either a command or interface level so that a more user-friendly
replacement could handle things properly. The script
\fB\s-1CA\s0.pl helps a little but not very much.
Any fields in a request that are not present in a policy are silently
deleted. This does not happen if the -preserveDN option is used. To
enforce the absence of the \s-1EMAIL\s0 field within the \s-1DN,\s0 as suggested by
RFCs, regardless the contents of the request' subject the -noemailDN
option can be used. The behaviour should be more friendly and
configurable.
Canceling some commands by refusing to certify a certificate can
create an empty file.
"WARNINGS"
Header "WARNINGS" This command was originally meant as an example of how to do things in a \s-1CA.\s0
Its code does not have production quality.
It was not supposed to be used as a full blown \s-1CA\s0 itself,
nevertheless some people are using it for this purpose at least internally.
When doing so, specific care should be taken to
properly secure the private key(s) used for signing certificates.
It is advisable to keep them in a secure \s-1HW\s0 storage such as a smart card or \s-1HSM\s0
and access them via a suitable engine or crypto provider.
This command command is effectively a single user command: no locking
is done on the various files and attempts to run more than one openssl ca
command on the same database can have unpredictable results.
The copy_extensions option should be used with caution. If care is
not taken then it can be a security risk. For example if a certificate
request contains a basicConstraints extension with \s-1CA:TRUE\s0 and the
\fBcopy_extensions value is set to copyall and the user does not spot
this when the certificate is displayed then this will hand the requester
a valid \s-1CA\s0 certificate.
This situation can be avoided by setting copy_extensions to copy
and including basicConstraints with \s-1CA:FALSE\s0 in the configuration file.
Then if the request contains a basicConstraints extension it will be
ignored.
It is advisable to also include values for other extensions such
as keyUsage to prevent a request supplying its own values.
Additional restrictions can be placed on the \s-1CA\s0 certificate itself.
For example if the \s-1CA\s0 certificate has:
.Vb 1
basicConstraints = CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
.Ve
then even if a certificate is issued with \s-1CA:TRUE\s0 it will not be valid.
"HISTORY"
Header "HISTORY" Since OpenSSL 1.1.1, the program follows \s-1RFC5280.\s0 Specifically,
certificate validity period (specified by any of
-startdate,
\fB-enddate and
-days) and \s-1CRL\s0
last/
next update time (specified by
any of
-crl_lastupdate,
-crl_nextupdate,
-crldays,
-crlhours
and
-crlsec) will be encoded as UTCTime if the dates are
earlier than year 2049 (included), and as GeneralizedTime if the dates
are in year 2050 or later.
OpenSSL 1.1.1 introduced a new random generator (\s-1CSPRNG\s0) with an improved
seeding mechanism. The new seeding mechanism makes it unnecessary to
define a \s-1RANDFILE\s0 for saving and restoring randomness. This option is
retained mainly for compatibility reasons.
The -section option was added in OpenSSL 3.0.0.
The -multivalue-rdn option has become obsolete in OpenSSL 3.0.0 and
has no effect.
The -engine option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
"SEE ALSO"
Header "SEE ALSO" \fBopenssl\|(1),
\fBopenssl-req\|(1),
\fBopenssl-spkac\|(1),
\fBopenssl-x509\|(1),
\s-1
CA\s0.pl\|(1),
\fBconfig\|(5),
\fBx509v3_config\|(5)
"COPYRIGHT"
Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.