xref: /freebsd/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 6574b8ed19b093f0af09501d2c9676c28993cb97)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char copyright[] =
32 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\n\
33 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
34 #endif /* not lint */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)from: sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
39 #endif
40 static const char rcsid[] =
41   "$FreeBSD$";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 #include <sys/param.h>
45 #include <sys/time.h>
46 #include <sys/resource.h>
47 #include <sys/stat.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
50 
51 #ifdef __amd64__
52 #include <sys/efi.h>
53 #include <machine/metadata.h>
54 #endif
55 
56 #if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
57 #include <machine/pc/bios.h>
58 #endif
59 
60 #include <ctype.h>
61 #include <err.h>
62 #include <errno.h>
63 #include <inttypes.h>
64 #include <locale.h>
65 #include <stdio.h>
66 #include <stdlib.h>
67 #include <string.h>
68 #include <sysexits.h>
69 #include <unistd.h>
70 
71 static const char *conffile;
72 
73 static int	aflag, bflag, dflag, eflag, hflag, iflag;
74 static int	Nflag, nflag, oflag, qflag, Tflag, Wflag, xflag;
75 
76 static int	oidfmt(int *, int, char *, u_int *);
77 static int	parsefile(const char *);
78 static int	parse(const char *, int);
79 static int	show_var(int *, int);
80 static int	sysctl_all(int *oid, int len);
81 static int	name2oid(char *, int *);
82 
83 static int	set_IK(const char *, int *);
84 
85 static void
86 usage(void)
87 {
88 
89 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n",
90 	    "usage: sysctl [-bdehiNnoqTWx] [-f filename] name[=value] ...",
91 	    "       sysctl [-bdehNnoqTWx] -a");
92 	exit(1);
93 }
94 
95 int
96 main(int argc, char **argv)
97 {
98 	int ch;
99 	int warncount = 0;
100 
101 	setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
102 	setbuf(stdout,0);
103 	setbuf(stderr,0);
104 
105 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:hiNnoqTwWxX")) != -1) {
106 		switch (ch) {
107 		case 'A':
108 			/* compatibility */
109 			aflag = oflag = 1;
110 			break;
111 		case 'a':
112 			aflag = 1;
113 			break;
114 		case 'b':
115 			bflag = 1;
116 			break;
117 		case 'd':
118 			dflag = 1;
119 			break;
120 		case 'e':
121 			eflag = 1;
122 			break;
123 		case 'f':
124 			conffile = optarg;
125 			break;
126 		case 'h':
127 			hflag = 1;
128 			break;
129 		case 'i':
130 			iflag = 1;
131 			break;
132 		case 'N':
133 			Nflag = 1;
134 			break;
135 		case 'n':
136 			nflag = 1;
137 			break;
138 		case 'o':
139 			oflag = 1;
140 			break;
141 		case 'q':
142 			qflag = 1;
143 			break;
144 		case 'T':
145 			Tflag = 1;
146 			break;
147 		case 'w':
148 			/* compatibility */
149 			/* ignored */
150 			break;
151 		case 'W':
152 			Wflag = 1;
153 			break;
154 		case 'X':
155 			/* compatibility */
156 			aflag = xflag = 1;
157 			break;
158 		case 'x':
159 			xflag = 1;
160 			break;
161 		default:
162 			usage();
163 		}
164 	}
165 	argc -= optind;
166 	argv += optind;
167 
168 	if (Nflag && nflag)
169 		usage();
170 	if (aflag && argc == 0)
171 		exit(sysctl_all(0, 0));
172 	if (argc == 0 && conffile == NULL)
173 		usage();
174 
175 	warncount = 0;
176 	if (conffile != NULL)
177 		warncount += parsefile(conffile);
178 
179 	while (argc-- > 0)
180 		warncount += parse(*argv++, 0);
181 
182 	return (warncount);
183 }
184 
185 /*
186  * Parse a name into a MIB entry.
187  * Lookup and print out the MIB entry if it exists.
188  * Set a new value if requested.
189  */
190 static int
191 parse(const char *string, int lineno)
192 {
193 	int len, i, j;
194 	void *newval = 0;
195 	int intval;
196 	unsigned int uintval;
197 	long longval;
198 	unsigned long ulongval;
199 	size_t newsize = 0;
200 	int64_t i64val;
201 	uint64_t u64val;
202 	int mib[CTL_MAXNAME];
203 	char *cp, *bufp, buf[BUFSIZ], *endptr, fmt[BUFSIZ], line[BUFSIZ];
204 	u_int kind;
205 
206 	if (lineno)
207 		snprintf(line, sizeof(line), " at line %d", lineno);
208 	else
209 		line[0] = '\0';
210 
211 	cp = buf;
212 	if (snprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, "%s", string) >= BUFSIZ) {
213 		warnx("oid too long: '%s'%s", string, line);
214 		return (1);
215 	}
216 	bufp = strsep(&cp, "=:");
217 	if (cp != NULL) {
218 		/* Tflag just lists tunables, do not allow assignment */
219 		if (Tflag || Wflag) {
220 			warnx("Can't set variables when using -T or -W");
221 			usage();
222 		}
223 		while (isspace(*cp))
224 			cp++;
225 		/* Strip a pair of " or ' if any. */
226 		switch (*cp) {
227 		case '\"':
228 		case '\'':
229 			if (cp[strlen(cp) - 1] == *cp)
230 				cp[strlen(cp) - 1] = '\0';
231 			cp++;
232 		}
233 		newval = cp;
234 		newsize = strlen(cp);
235 	}
236 	len = name2oid(bufp, mib);
237 
238 	if (len < 0) {
239 		if (iflag)
240 			return (0);
241 		if (qflag)
242 			return (1);
243 		else {
244 			warn("unknown oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
245 			return (1);
246 		}
247 	}
248 
249 	if (oidfmt(mib, len, fmt, &kind)) {
250 		warn("couldn't find format of oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
251 		if (iflag)
252 			return (1);
253 		else
254 			exit(1);
255 	}
256 
257 	if (newval == NULL || dflag) {
258 		if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
259 			if (dflag) {
260 				i = show_var(mib, len);
261 				if (!i && !bflag)
262 					putchar('\n');
263 			}
264 			sysctl_all(mib, len);
265 		} else {
266 			i = show_var(mib, len);
267 			if (!i && !bflag)
268 				putchar('\n');
269 		}
270 	} else {
271 		if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
272 			warnx("oid '%s' isn't a leaf node%s", bufp, line);
273 			return (1);
274 		}
275 
276 		if (!(kind & CTLFLAG_WR)) {
277 			if (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) {
278 				warnx("oid '%s' is a read only tunable%s", bufp, line);
279 				warnx("Tunable values are set in /boot/loader.conf");
280 			} else
281 				warnx("oid '%s' is read only%s", bufp, line);
282 			return (1);
283 		}
284 
285 		if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_INT ||
286 		    (kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_UINT ||
287 		    (kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_LONG ||
288 		    (kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_ULONG ||
289 		    (kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_S64 ||
290 		    (kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_U64) {
291 			if (strlen(newval) == 0) {
292 				warnx("empty numeric value");
293 				return (1);
294 			}
295 		}
296 
297 		switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
298 			case CTLTYPE_INT:
299 				if (strcmp(fmt, "IK") == 0) {
300 					if (!set_IK(newval, &intval)) {
301 						warnx("invalid value '%s'%s",
302 						    (char *)newval, line);
303 						return (1);
304 					}
305  				} else {
306 					intval = (int)strtol(newval, &endptr,
307 					    0);
308 					if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
309 						warnx("invalid integer '%s'%s",
310 						    (char *)newval, line);
311 						return (1);
312 					}
313 				}
314 				newval = &intval;
315 				newsize = sizeof(intval);
316 				break;
317 			case CTLTYPE_UINT:
318 				uintval = (int) strtoul(newval, &endptr, 0);
319 				if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
320 					warnx("invalid unsigned integer '%s'%s",
321 					    (char *)newval, line);
322 					return (1);
323 				}
324 				newval = &uintval;
325 				newsize = sizeof(uintval);
326 				break;
327 			case CTLTYPE_LONG:
328 				longval = strtol(newval, &endptr, 0);
329 				if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
330 					warnx("invalid long integer '%s'%s",
331 					    (char *)newval, line);
332 					return (1);
333 				}
334 				newval = &longval;
335 				newsize = sizeof(longval);
336 				break;
337 			case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
338 				ulongval = strtoul(newval, &endptr, 0);
339 				if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
340 					warnx("invalid unsigned long integer"
341 					    " '%s'%s", (char *)newval, line);
342 					return (1);
343 				}
344 				newval = &ulongval;
345 				newsize = sizeof(ulongval);
346 				break;
347 			case CTLTYPE_STRING:
348 				break;
349 			case CTLTYPE_S64:
350 				i64val = strtoimax(newval, &endptr, 0);
351 				if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
352 					warnx("invalid int64_t '%s'%s",
353 					    (char *)newval, line);
354 					return (1);
355 				}
356 				newval = &i64val;
357 				newsize = sizeof(i64val);
358 				break;
359 			case CTLTYPE_U64:
360 				u64val = strtoumax(newval, &endptr, 0);
361 				if (endptr == newval || *endptr != '\0') {
362 					warnx("invalid uint64_t '%s'%s",
363 					    (char *)newval, line);
364 					return (1);
365 				}
366 				newval = &u64val;
367 				newsize = sizeof(u64val);
368 				break;
369 			case CTLTYPE_OPAQUE:
370 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
371 			default:
372 				warnx("oid '%s' is type %d,"
373 					" cannot set that%s", bufp,
374 					kind & CTLTYPE, line);
375 				return (1);
376 		}
377 
378 		i = show_var(mib, len);
379 		if (sysctl(mib, len, 0, 0, newval, newsize) == -1) {
380 			if (!i && !bflag)
381 				putchar('\n');
382 			switch (errno) {
383 			case EOPNOTSUPP:
384 				warnx("%s: value is not available%s",
385 					string, line);
386 				return (1);
387 			case ENOTDIR:
388 				warnx("%s: specification is incomplete%s",
389 					string, line);
390 				return (1);
391 			case ENOMEM:
392 				warnx("%s: type is unknown to this program%s",
393 					string, line);
394 				return (1);
395 			default:
396 				warn("%s%s", string, line);
397 				return (1);
398 			}
399 		}
400 		if (!bflag)
401 			printf(" -> ");
402 		i = nflag;
403 		nflag = 1;
404 		j = show_var(mib, len);
405 		if (!j && !bflag)
406 			putchar('\n');
407 		nflag = i;
408 	}
409 
410 	return (0);
411 }
412 
413 static int
414 parsefile(const char *filename)
415 {
416 	FILE *file;
417 	char line[BUFSIZ], *p, *pq, *pdq;
418 	int warncount = 0, lineno = 0;
419 
420 	file = fopen(filename, "r");
421 	if (file == NULL)
422 		err(EX_NOINPUT, "%s", filename);
423 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), file) != NULL) {
424 		lineno++;
425 		p = line;
426 		pq = strchr(line, '\'');
427 		pdq = strchr(line, '\"');
428 		/* Replace the first # with \0. */
429 		while((p = strchr(p, '#')) != NULL) {
430 			if (pq != NULL && p > pq) {
431 				if ((p = strchr(pq+1, '\'')) != NULL)
432 					*(++p) = '\0';
433 				break;
434 			} else if (pdq != NULL && p > pdq) {
435 				if ((p = strchr(pdq+1, '\"')) != NULL)
436 					*(++p) = '\0';
437 				break;
438 			} else if (p == line || *(p-1) != '\\') {
439 				*p = '\0';
440 				break;
441 			}
442 			p++;
443 		}
444 		/* Trim spaces */
445 		p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
446 		while (p >= line && isspace((int)*p)) {
447 			*p = '\0';
448 			p--;
449 		}
450 		p = line;
451 		while (isspace((int)*p))
452 			p++;
453 		if (*p == '\0')
454 			continue;
455 		else
456 			warncount += parse(p, lineno);
457 	}
458 	fclose(file);
459 
460 	return (warncount);
461 }
462 
463 /* These functions will dump out various interesting structures. */
464 
465 static int
466 S_clockinfo(size_t l2, void *p)
467 {
468 	struct clockinfo *ci = (struct clockinfo*)p;
469 
470 	if (l2 != sizeof(*ci)) {
471 		warnx("S_clockinfo %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*ci));
472 		return (1);
473 	}
474 	printf(hflag ? "{ hz = %'d, tick = %'d, profhz = %'d, stathz = %'d }" :
475 		"{ hz = %d, tick = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d }",
476 		ci->hz, ci->tick, ci->profhz, ci->stathz);
477 	return (0);
478 }
479 
480 static int
481 S_loadavg(size_t l2, void *p)
482 {
483 	struct loadavg *tv = (struct loadavg*)p;
484 
485 	if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
486 		warnx("S_loadavg %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
487 		return (1);
488 	}
489 	printf(hflag ? "{ %'.2f %'.2f %'.2f }" : "{ %.2f %.2f %.2f }",
490 		(double)tv->ldavg[0]/(double)tv->fscale,
491 		(double)tv->ldavg[1]/(double)tv->fscale,
492 		(double)tv->ldavg[2]/(double)tv->fscale);
493 	return (0);
494 }
495 
496 static int
497 S_timeval(size_t l2, void *p)
498 {
499 	struct timeval *tv = (struct timeval*)p;
500 	time_t tv_sec;
501 	char *p1, *p2;
502 
503 	if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
504 		warnx("S_timeval %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
505 		return (1);
506 	}
507 	printf(hflag ? "{ sec = %'jd, usec = %'ld } " :
508 		"{ sec = %jd, usec = %ld } ",
509 		(intmax_t)tv->tv_sec, tv->tv_usec);
510 	tv_sec = tv->tv_sec;
511 	p1 = strdup(ctime(&tv_sec));
512 	for (p2=p1; *p2 ; p2++)
513 		if (*p2 == '\n')
514 			*p2 = '\0';
515 	fputs(p1, stdout);
516 	free(p1);
517 	return (0);
518 }
519 
520 static int
521 S_vmtotal(size_t l2, void *p)
522 {
523 	struct vmtotal *v = (struct vmtotal *)p;
524 	int pageKilo = getpagesize() / 1024;
525 
526 	if (l2 != sizeof(*v)) {
527 		warnx("S_vmtotal %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*v));
528 		return (1);
529 	}
530 
531 	printf(
532 	    "\nSystem wide totals computed every five seconds:"
533 	    " (values in kilobytes)\n");
534 	printf("===============================================\n");
535 	printf(
536 	    "Processes:\t\t(RUNQ: %hd Disk Wait: %hd Page Wait: "
537 	    "%hd Sleep: %hd)\n",
538 	    v->t_rq, v->t_dw, v->t_pw, v->t_sl);
539 	printf(
540 	    "Virtual Memory:\t\t(Total: %dK Active: %dK)\n",
541 	    v->t_vm * pageKilo, v->t_avm * pageKilo);
542 	printf("Real Memory:\t\t(Total: %dK Active: %dK)\n",
543 	    v->t_rm * pageKilo, v->t_arm * pageKilo);
544 	printf("Shared Virtual Memory:\t(Total: %dK Active: %dK)\n",
545 	    v->t_vmshr * pageKilo, v->t_avmshr * pageKilo);
546 	printf("Shared Real Memory:\t(Total: %dK Active: %dK)\n",
547 	    v->t_rmshr * pageKilo, v->t_armshr * pageKilo);
548 	printf("Free Memory:\t%dK", v->t_free * pageKilo);
549 
550 	return (0);
551 }
552 
553 #ifdef __amd64__
554 #define efi_next_descriptor(ptr, size) \
555 	((struct efi_md *)(((uint8_t *) ptr) + size))
556 
557 static int
558 S_efi_map(size_t l2, void *p)
559 {
560 	struct efi_map_header *efihdr;
561 	struct efi_md *map;
562 	const char *type;
563 	size_t efisz;
564 	int ndesc, i;
565 
566 	static const char *types[] = {
567 		"Reserved",
568 		"LoaderCode",
569 		"LoaderData",
570 		"BootServicesCode",
571 		"BootServicesData",
572 		"RuntimeServicesCode",
573 		"RuntimeServicesData",
574 		"ConventionalMemory",
575 		"UnusableMemory",
576 		"ACPIReclaimMemory",
577 		"ACPIMemoryNVS",
578 		"MemoryMappedIO",
579 		"MemoryMappedIOPortSpace",
580 		"PalCode"
581 	};
582 
583 	/*
584 	 * Memory map data provided by UEFI via the GetMemoryMap
585 	 * Boot Services API.
586 	 */
587 	if (l2 < sizeof(*efihdr)) {
588 		warnx("S_efi_map length less than header");
589 		return (1);
590 	}
591 	efihdr = p;
592 	efisz = (sizeof(struct efi_map_header) + 0xf) & ~0xf;
593 	map = (struct efi_md *)((uint8_t *)efihdr + efisz);
594 
595 	if (efihdr->descriptor_size == 0)
596 		return (0);
597 	if (l2 != efisz + efihdr->memory_size) {
598 		warnx("S_efi_map length mismatch %zu vs %zu", l2, efisz +
599 		    efihdr->memory_size);
600 		return (1);
601 	}
602 	ndesc = efihdr->memory_size / efihdr->descriptor_size;
603 
604 	printf("\n%23s %12s %12s %8s %4s",
605 	    "Type", "Physical", "Virtual", "#Pages", "Attr");
606 
607 	for (i = 0; i < ndesc; i++,
608 	    map = efi_next_descriptor(map, efihdr->descriptor_size)) {
609 		if (map->md_type <= EFI_MD_TYPE_PALCODE)
610 			type = types[map->md_type];
611 		else
612 			type = "<INVALID>";
613 		printf("\n%23s %012lx %12p %08lx ", type, map->md_phys,
614 		    map->md_virt, map->md_pages);
615 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UC)
616 			printf("UC ");
617 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WC)
618 			printf("WC ");
619 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WT)
620 			printf("WT ");
621 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WB)
622 			printf("WB ");
623 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UCE)
624 			printf("UCE ");
625 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WP)
626 			printf("WP ");
627 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RP)
628 			printf("RP ");
629 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_XP)
630 			printf("XP ");
631 		if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RT)
632 			printf("RUNTIME");
633 	}
634 	return (0);
635 }
636 #endif
637 
638 #if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
639 static int
640 S_bios_smap_xattr(size_t l2, void *p)
641 {
642 	struct bios_smap_xattr *smap, *end;
643 
644 	if (l2 % sizeof(*smap) != 0) {
645 		warnx("S_bios_smap_xattr %zu is not a multiple of %zu", l2,
646 		    sizeof(*smap));
647 		return (1);
648 	}
649 
650 	end = (struct bios_smap_xattr *)((char *)p + l2);
651 	for (smap = p; smap < end; smap++)
652 		printf("\nSMAP type=%02x, xattr=%02x, base=%016jx, len=%016jx",
653 		    smap->type, smap->xattr, (uintmax_t)smap->base,
654 		    (uintmax_t)smap->length);
655 	return (0);
656 }
657 #endif
658 
659 static int
660 set_IK(const char *str, int *val)
661 {
662 	float temp;
663 	int len, kelv;
664 	const char *p;
665 	char *endptr;
666 
667 	if ((len = strlen(str)) == 0)
668 		return (0);
669 	p = &str[len - 1];
670 	if (*p == 'C' || *p == 'F') {
671 		temp = strtof(str, &endptr);
672 		if (endptr == str || endptr != p)
673 			return (0);
674 		if (*p == 'F')
675 			temp = (temp - 32) * 5 / 9;
676 		kelv = temp * 10 + 2732;
677 	} else {
678 		kelv = (int)strtol(str, &endptr, 10);
679 		if (endptr == str || *endptr != '\0')
680 			return (0);
681 	}
682 	*val = kelv;
683 	return (1);
684 }
685 
686 /*
687  * These functions uses a presently undocumented interface to the kernel
688  * to walk the tree and get the type so it can print the value.
689  * This interface is under work and consideration, and should probably
690  * be killed with a big axe by the first person who can find the time.
691  * (be aware though, that the proper interface isn't as obvious as it
692  * may seem, there are various conflicting requirements.
693  */
694 
695 static int
696 name2oid(char *name, int *oidp)
697 {
698 	int oid[2];
699 	int i;
700 	size_t j;
701 
702 	oid[0] = 0;
703 	oid[1] = 3;
704 
705 	j = CTL_MAXNAME * sizeof(int);
706 	i = sysctl(oid, 2, oidp, &j, name, strlen(name));
707 	if (i < 0)
708 		return (i);
709 	j /= sizeof(int);
710 	return (j);
711 }
712 
713 static int
714 oidfmt(int *oid, int len, char *fmt, u_int *kind)
715 {
716 	int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
717 	u_char buf[BUFSIZ];
718 	int i;
719 	size_t j;
720 
721 	qoid[0] = 0;
722 	qoid[1] = 4;
723 	memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, len * sizeof(int));
724 
725 	j = sizeof(buf);
726 	i = sysctl(qoid, len + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
727 	if (i)
728 		err(1, "sysctl fmt %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);
729 
730 	if (kind)
731 		*kind = *(u_int *)buf;
732 
733 	if (fmt)
734 		strcpy(fmt, (char *)(buf + sizeof(u_int)));
735 	return (0);
736 }
737 
738 static int ctl_sign[CTLTYPE+1] = {
739 	[CTLTYPE_INT] = 1,
740 	[CTLTYPE_LONG] = 1,
741 	[CTLTYPE_S64] = 1,
742 };
743 
744 static int ctl_size[CTLTYPE+1] = {
745 	[CTLTYPE_INT] = sizeof(int),
746 	[CTLTYPE_UINT] = sizeof(u_int),
747 	[CTLTYPE_LONG] = sizeof(long),
748 	[CTLTYPE_ULONG] = sizeof(u_long),
749 	[CTLTYPE_S64] = sizeof(int64_t),
750 	[CTLTYPE_U64] = sizeof(int64_t),
751 };
752 
753 /*
754  * This formats and outputs the value of one variable
755  *
756  * Returns zero if anything was actually output.
757  * Returns one if didn't know what to do with this.
758  * Return minus one if we had errors.
759  */
760 static int
761 show_var(int *oid, int nlen)
762 {
763 	u_char buf[BUFSIZ], *val, *oval, *p;
764 	char name[BUFSIZ], fmt[BUFSIZ];
765 	const char *sep, *sep1;
766 	int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
767 	uintmax_t umv;
768 	intmax_t mv;
769 	int i, hexlen, sign, ctltype;
770 	size_t intlen;
771 	size_t j, len;
772 	u_int kind;
773 	int (*func)(size_t, void *);
774 
775 	/* Silence GCC. */
776 	umv = mv = intlen = 0;
777 
778 	bzero(buf, BUFSIZ);
779 	bzero(fmt, BUFSIZ);
780 	bzero(name, BUFSIZ);
781 	qoid[0] = 0;
782 	memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, nlen * sizeof(int));
783 
784 	qoid[1] = 1;
785 	j = sizeof(name);
786 	i = sysctl(qoid, nlen + 2, name, &j, 0, 0);
787 	if (i || !j)
788 		err(1, "sysctl name %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);
789 
790 	oidfmt(oid, nlen, fmt, &kind);
791 	/* if Wflag then only list sysctls that are writeable and not stats. */
792 	if (Wflag && ((kind & CTLFLAG_WR) == 0 || (kind & CTLFLAG_STATS) != 0))
793 		return 1;
794 
795 	/* if Tflag then only list sysctls that are tuneables. */
796 	if (Tflag && (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) == 0)
797 		return 1;
798 
799 	if (Nflag) {
800 		printf("%s", name);
801 		return (0);
802 	}
803 
804 	if (eflag)
805 		sep = "=";
806 	else
807 		sep = ": ";
808 
809 	if (dflag) {	/* just print description */
810 		qoid[1] = 5;
811 		j = sizeof(buf);
812 		i = sysctl(qoid, nlen + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
813 		if (!nflag)
814 			printf("%s%s", name, sep);
815 		printf("%s", buf);
816 		return (0);
817 	}
818 	/* find an estimate of how much we need for this var */
819 	j = 0;
820 	i = sysctl(oid, nlen, 0, &j, 0, 0);
821 	j += j; /* we want to be sure :-) */
822 
823 	val = oval = malloc(j + 1);
824 	if (val == NULL) {
825 		warnx("malloc failed");
826 		return (1);
827 	}
828 	ctltype = (kind & CTLTYPE);
829 	len = j;
830 	i = sysctl(oid, nlen, val, &len, 0, 0);
831 	if (i != 0 || (len == 0 && ctltype != CTLTYPE_STRING)) {
832 		free(oval);
833 		return (1);
834 	}
835 
836 	if (bflag) {
837 		fwrite(val, 1, len, stdout);
838 		free(oval);
839 		return (0);
840 	}
841 	val[len] = '\0';
842 	p = val;
843 	sign = ctl_sign[ctltype];
844 	intlen = ctl_size[ctltype];
845 
846 	switch (ctltype) {
847 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
848 		if (!nflag)
849 			printf("%s%s", name, sep);
850 		printf("%.*s", (int)len, p);
851 		free(oval);
852 		return (0);
853 
854 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
855 	case CTLTYPE_UINT:
856 	case CTLTYPE_LONG:
857 	case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
858 	case CTLTYPE_S64:
859 	case CTLTYPE_U64:
860 		if (!nflag)
861 			printf("%s%s", name, sep);
862 		hexlen = 2 + (intlen * CHAR_BIT + 3) / 4;
863 		sep1 = "";
864 		while (len >= intlen) {
865 			switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
866 			case CTLTYPE_INT:
867 			case CTLTYPE_UINT:
868 				umv = *(u_int *)p;
869 				mv = *(int *)p;
870 				break;
871 			case CTLTYPE_LONG:
872 			case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
873 				umv = *(u_long *)p;
874 				mv = *(long *)p;
875 				break;
876 			case CTLTYPE_S64:
877 			case CTLTYPE_U64:
878 				umv = *(uint64_t *)p;
879 				mv = *(int64_t *)p;
880 				break;
881 			}
882 			fputs(sep1, stdout);
883 			if (xflag)
884 				printf("%#0*jx", hexlen, umv);
885 			else if (!sign)
886 				printf(hflag ? "%'ju" : "%ju", umv);
887 			else if (fmt[1] == 'K') {
888 				if (mv < 0)
889 					printf("%jd", mv);
890 				else
891 					printf("%.1fC", (mv - 2732.0) / 10);
892 			} else
893 				printf(hflag ? "%'jd" : "%jd", mv);
894 			sep1 = " ";
895 			len -= intlen;
896 			p += intlen;
897 		}
898 		free(oval);
899 		return (0);
900 
901 	case CTLTYPE_OPAQUE:
902 		i = 0;
903 		if (strcmp(fmt, "S,clockinfo") == 0)
904 			func = S_clockinfo;
905 		else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,timeval") == 0)
906 			func = S_timeval;
907 		else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,loadavg") == 0)
908 			func = S_loadavg;
909 		else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,vmtotal") == 0)
910 			func = S_vmtotal;
911 #ifdef __amd64__
912 		else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,efi_map_header") == 0)
913 			func = S_efi_map;
914 #endif
915 #if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
916 		else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,bios_smap_xattr") == 0)
917 			func = S_bios_smap_xattr;
918 #endif
919 		else
920 			func = NULL;
921 		if (func) {
922 			if (!nflag)
923 				printf("%s%s", name, sep);
924 			i = (*func)(len, p);
925 			free(oval);
926 			return (i);
927 		}
928 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
929 	default:
930 		if (!oflag && !xflag) {
931 			free(oval);
932 			return (1);
933 		}
934 		if (!nflag)
935 			printf("%s%s", name, sep);
936 		printf("Format:%s Length:%zu Dump:0x", fmt, len);
937 		while (len-- && (xflag || p < val + 16))
938 			printf("%02x", *p++);
939 		if (!xflag && len > 16)
940 			printf("...");
941 		free(oval);
942 		return (0);
943 	}
944 	free(oval);
945 	return (1);
946 }
947 
948 static int
949 sysctl_all(int *oid, int len)
950 {
951 	int name1[22], name2[22];
952 	int i, j;
953 	size_t l1, l2;
954 
955 	name1[0] = 0;
956 	name1[1] = 2;
957 	l1 = 2;
958 	if (len) {
959 		memcpy(name1+2, oid, len * sizeof(int));
960 		l1 += len;
961 	} else {
962 		name1[2] = 1;
963 		l1++;
964 	}
965 	for (;;) {
966 		l2 = sizeof(name2);
967 		j = sysctl(name1, l1, name2, &l2, 0, 0);
968 		if (j < 0) {
969 			if (errno == ENOENT)
970 				return (0);
971 			else
972 				err(1, "sysctl(getnext) %d %zu", j, l2);
973 		}
974 
975 		l2 /= sizeof(int);
976 
977 		if (len < 0 || l2 < (unsigned int)len)
978 			return (0);
979 
980 		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
981 			if (name2[i] != oid[i])
982 				return (0);
983 
984 		i = show_var(name2, l2);
985 		if (!i && !bflag)
986 			putchar('\n');
987 
988 		memcpy(name1+2, name2, l2 * sizeof(int));
989 		l1 = 2 + l2;
990 	}
991 }
992