sbin/setkey/setkey.8

.\"	$KAME: setkey.8,v 1.49 2001/05/18 05:49:51 sakane Exp $
.\"	$FreeBSD$
.\"
.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd November 20, 2000
.Dt SETKEY 8
.Os
.\"
.Sh NAME
.Nm setkey
.Nd "manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database"
.\"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl dv
.Fl c
.Nm
.Op Fl dv
.Fl f Ar filename
.Nm
.Op Fl adPlv
.Fl D
.Nm
.Op Fl dPv
.Fl F
.Nm
.Op Fl h
.Fl x
.\"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
Security Association Database (SAD) entries
as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
.Pp
.Nm
takes a series of operations from the standard input
.Po
if invoked with
.Fl c
.Pc
or the file named
.Ar filename
.Po
if invoked with
.Fl f Ar filename
.Pc .
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl D
Dump the SAD entries.
If with
.Fl P ,
the SPD entries are dumped.
.It Fl F
Flush the SAD entries.
If with
.Fl P ,
the SPD entries are flushed.
.It Fl a
.Nm
usually does not display dead SAD entries with
.Fl D .
If with
.Fl a ,
the dead SAD entries will be displayed as well.
A dead SAD entry means that
it has been expired but remains
because it is referenced by SPD entries.
.It Fl d
Enable to print debugging messages for command parser,
without talking to kernel.
It is not used usually.
.It Fl x
Loop forever and dump all the messages transmitted to
.Dv PF_KEY
socket.
.Fl xx
makes each timestamps unformatted.
.It Fl h
Add hexadecimal dump on
.Fl x
mode.
.It Fl l
Loop forever with short output on
.Fl D .
.It Fl v
Be verbose.
The program will dump messages exchanged on
.Dv PF_KEY
socket, including messages sent from other processes to the kernel.
.El
.Pp
Operations have the following grammar.
Note that lines starting with
hashmarks ('#') are treated as comment lines.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Xo
.Li add
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Op Ar extensions
.Ar algorithm...
.Li ;
.Xc
Add an SAD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li get
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Li ;
.Xc
Show an SAD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li delete
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
.Li ;
.Xc
Remove an SAD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li deleteall
.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Remove all SAD entries that match the specification.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li flush
.Op Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Clear all SAD entries matched by the options.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li dump
.Op Ar protocol
.Li ;
.Xc
Dumps all SAD entries matched by the options.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spdadd
.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Ar policy
.Li ;
.Xc
Add an SPD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spddelete
.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Fl P Ar direction
.Li ;
.Xc
Delete an SPD entry.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spdflush
.Li ;
.Xc
Clear all SPD entries.
.\"
.It Xo
.Li spddump
.Li ;
.Xc
Dumps all SPD entries.
.El
.\"
.Pp
Meta-arguments are as follows:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width Ds
.It Ar src
.It Ar dst
Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
IPv4/v6 address.
.Nm
does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst .
They must be in numeric form.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar protocol
.Ar protocol
is one of following:
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li esp
ESP based on rfc2405
.It Li esp-old
ESP based on rfc1827
.It Li ah
AH based on rfc2402
.It Li ah-old
AH based on rfc1826
.It Li ipcomp
IPCOMP
.El
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar spi
Security Parameter Index (SPI) for the SAD and the SPD.
It must be decimal number or hexadecimal number
You can not use the set of SPI values in the range 0 through 255.
.Po
with
.Li 0x
attached
.Pc .
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar extensions
takes some of the following:
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.\"
.It Fl m Ar mode
Specify a security protocol mode for use.
.Ar mode
is one of following:
.Li transport , tunnel
or
.Li any .
The default value is
.Li any .
.\"
.It Fl r Ar size
Specify window size of bytes for replay prevention.
.Ar size
must be decimal number in 32-bit word.
If
.Ar size
is zero or not specified, replay check don't take place.
.\"
.It Fl u Ar id
Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD.
See
.Ar policy .
.\"
.It Fl f Ar pad_option
defines the content of the ESP padding.
.Ar pad_option
is one of following:
.Bl -tag -width random-pad -compact
.It Li zero-pad
All of the padding are zero.
.It Li random-pad
A series of randomized values are set.
.It Li seq-pad
A series of sequential increasing numbers started from 1 are set.
.El
.\"
.It Fl f Li nocyclic-seq
Don't allow cyclic sequence number.
.\"
.It Fl lh Ar time
.It Fl ls Ar time
Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA.
.El
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar algorithm
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
Specify a encryption algorithm.
.It Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
Specify a authentication algorithm.
If
.Fl A
is used with
.Ar protocol Li esp ,
it will be treated as ESP payload authentication algorithm.
.It Fl C Ar calgo Op Fl R
Specify compression algorithm.
If
.Fl R
is not specified with
.Li ipcomp
line, the kernel will use well-known IPComp CPI
.Pq compression parameter index
on IPComp CPI field on packets, and
.Ar spi
field will be ignored.
.Ar spi
field is only for kernel internal use in this case.
.\"Therefore, compression protocol number will appear on IPComp CPI field.
If
.Fl R
is used,
the value on
.Ar spi
field will appear on IPComp CPI field on outgoing packets.
.Ar spi
field needs to be smaller than
.Li 0x10000
in this case.
.El
.Pp
.Ar protocol Li esp
accepts
.Fl E
and
.Fl A .
.Ar protocol Li esp-old
accepts
.Fl E
only.
.Ar protocol Li ah
and
.Li ah-old
accept
.Fl A
only.
.Ar protocol Li ipcomp
accepts
.Fl C
only.
.Pp
.Ar key
must be double-quoted character string or series of hexadecimal digits.
.Pp
Possible values for
.Ar ealgo ,
.Ar aalgo
and
.Ar calgo
are specified in separate section.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar src_range
.It Ar dst_range
These are selections of the secure communication specified as
IPv4/v6 address or IPv4/v6 address range, and it may accompany
TCP/UDP port specification.
This takes the following form:
.Bd -literal -offset
.Ar address
.Ar address/prefixlen
.Ar address[port]
.Ar address/prefixlen[port]
.Ed
.Pp
.Ar prefixlen
and
.Ar port
must be decimal number.
The square bracket around
.Ar port
is really necessary.
They are not manpage metacharacters.
.Pp
.Nm
does not consult hostname-to-address for arguments
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst .
They must be in numeric form.
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar upperspec
Upper-layer protocol to be used.
You can use one of words in
.Pa /etc/protocols
as
.Ar upperspec .
Or
.Li icmp6 ,
.Li ip4 ,
and
.Li any
can be specified.
.Li any
stands for
.Dq any protocol .
Also you can use the protocol number.
.Pp
NOTE:
.Ar upperspec
does not work against forwarding case at this moment,
as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node
.Pq not implemented at this moment .
We have many protocols in
.Pa /etc/protocols ,
but protocols except of TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPSec.
You have to consider and be careful to use them.
.Li icmp
.Li tcp
.Li udp
all protocols
.\"
.Pp
.It Ar policy
.Ar policy
is the one of following:
.Bd -literal -offset
.Xo
.Fl P
.Ar direction
.Li discard
.Xc
.Xo
.Fl P
.Ar direction
.Li none
.Xc
.Xo
.Fl P
.Ar direction
.Li ipsec
.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level
.Xc
.Ed
.Pp
You must specify the direction of its policy as
.Ar direction .
Either
.Li out
or
.Li in
are used.
.Li discard
means the packet matching indexes will be discarded.
.Li none
means that IPsec operation will not take place onto the packet.
.Li ipsec
means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet.
Either
.Li ah ,
.Li esp
or
.Li ipcomp
is to be set as
.Ar protocol .
.Ar mode
is either
.Li transport
or
.Li tunnel .
If
.Ar mode
is
.Li tunnel ,
you must specify the end-points addresses of the SA as
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst
with
.Sq -
between these addresses which is used to specify the SA to use.
If
.Ar mode
is
.Li transport ,
both
.Ar src
and
.Ar dst
can be omited.
.Ar level
is to be one of the following:
.Li default , use , require
or
.Li unique .
If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request
getting SA to the key exchange daemon.
.Li default
means the kernel consults to the system wide default against protocol you
specified, e.g.
.Li esp_trans_deflev
sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet.
.Li use
means that the kernel use a SA if it's available,
otherwise the kernel keeps normal operation.
.Li require
means SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched
with the policy.
.Li unique
is the same to require.
In addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA.
If you use the SA by manual keying,
you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after
.Li unique
separated by colon
.Sq \:
like the following;
.Li unique:number .
.Li number
must be between 1 and 32767.
It corresponds to
.Ar extensions Fl u .
.Pp
Note that
.Dq Li discard
and
.Dq Li none
are not in the syntax described in
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
There are little differences in the syntax.
See
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
for detail.
.Pp
.El
.Pp
.\"
.Sh ALGORITHMS
The following list shows the supported algorithms.
.Sy protocol
and
.Sy algorithm
are almost orthogonal.
Followings are the list of authentication algorithms that can be used as
.Ar aalgo
in
.Fl A Ar aalgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	keylen (bits)	comment
hmac-md5	128		ah: rfc2403
		128		ah-old: rfc2085
hmac-sha1	160		ah: rfc2404
		160		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
keyed-md5	128		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		128		ah-old: rfc1828
keyed-sha1	160		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		160		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
null		0 to 2048	for debugging
hmac-sha2-256	256		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		256		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-384	384		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		384		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-512	512		ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
		512		ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
.Ed
.Pp
Followings are the list of encryption algorithms that can be used as
.Ar ealgo
in
.Fl E Ar ealgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	keylen (bits)	comment
des-cbc		64		esp-old: rfc1829, esp: rfc2405
3des-cbc	192		rfc2451
simple		0 to 2048	rfc2410
blowfish-cbc	40 to 448	rfc2451
cast128-cbc	40 to 128	rfc2451
des-deriv	64		ipsec-ciph-des-derived-01 (expired)
3des-deriv	192		no document
rijndael-cbc	128/192/256	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-cbc-00
.Ed
.Pp
Followings are the list of compression algorithms that can be used as
.Ar calgo
in
.Fl C Ar calgo
of
.Ar protocol
parameter:
.Pp
.Bd -literal -offset indent
algorithm	comment
deflate		rfc2394
lzs		rfc2395
.Ed
.\"
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset
add	3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
		-E des-cbc "ESP SA!!" ;

add	3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456
		-A hmac-sha1 "AH SA configuration!" ;

add	10.0.11.41 10.0.11.33 esp 0x10001
		-E des-cbc "ESP with"
		-A hmac-md5 "authentication!!" ;

get	3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;

flush ;

dump esp ;

spdadd	10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
		-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;

.Ed
.\"
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The command exits with 0 on success, and non-zero on errors.
.\"
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 ,
.Xr racoon 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8
.\"
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
The command was completely re-designed in June 1998.
.\"
.\" .Sh BUGS