xref: /freebsd/sbin/route/route.c (revision 6ef6ba9950260f42b47499d17874d00ca9290955)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char copyright[] =
32 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1991, 1993\n\
33 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
34 #endif /* not lint */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)route.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
39 #endif
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
43 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
44 
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/file.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
49 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/queue.h>
52 
53 #include <net/if.h>
54 #include <net/route.h>
55 #include <net/if_dl.h>
56 #include <netinet/in.h>
57 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
58 #include <netatalk/at.h>
59 #include <arpa/inet.h>
60 #include <netdb.h>
61 
62 #include <ctype.h>
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <paths.h>
66 #include <stdio.h>
67 #include <stdlib.h>
68 #include <string.h>
69 #include <sysexits.h>
70 #include <time.h>
71 #include <unistd.h>
72 #include <ifaddrs.h>
73 
74 static struct keytab {
75 	const char	*kt_cp;
76 	int	kt_i;
77 } keywords[] = {
78 #include "keywords.h"
79 	{0, 0}
80 };
81 
82 static struct sockaddr_storage so[RTAX_MAX];
83 static int	pid, rtm_addrs;
84 static int	s;
85 static int	forcehost, forcenet, nflag, af, qflag, tflag;
86 static int	verbose, aflen;
87 static int	locking, lockrest, debugonly;
88 static struct rt_metrics rt_metrics;
89 static u_long  rtm_inits;
90 static uid_t	uid;
91 static int	defaultfib;
92 static int	numfibs;
93 
94 static int	atalk_aton(const char *, struct at_addr *);
95 static char	*atalk_ntoa(struct at_addr);
96 static void	printb(int, const char *);
97 static void	flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[]);
98 static int	flushroutes_fib(int);
99 static int	getaddr(int, char *, struct hostent **, int);
100 static int	keyword(const char *);
101 #ifdef INET
102 static void	inet_makenetandmask(u_long, struct sockaddr_in *,
103 		    struct sockaddr_in *, u_long);
104 #endif
105 #ifdef INET6
106 static int	inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *, const char *);
107 #endif
108 static void	interfaces(void);
109 static void	monitor(int, char*[]);
110 static const char	*netname(struct sockaddr *);
111 static void	newroute(int, char **);
112 static int	newroute_fib(int, char *, int);
113 static void	pmsg_addrs(char *, int, size_t);
114 static void	pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
115 static int	prefixlen(const char *);
116 static void	print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, int, int);
117 static void	print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
118 static const char	*routename(struct sockaddr *);
119 static int	rtmsg(int, int, int);
120 static void	set_metric(char *, int);
121 static int	set_sofib(int);
122 static void	sockaddr(char *, struct sockaddr *, size_t);
123 static void	sodump(struct sockaddr *, const char *);
124 
125 struct fibl {
126 	TAILQ_ENTRY(fibl)	fl_next;
127 
128 	int	fl_num;
129 	int	fl_error;
130 	int	fl_errno;
131 };
132 static TAILQ_HEAD(fibl_head_t, fibl) fibl_head;
133 
134 static int	fiboptlist_csv(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);
135 static int	fiboptlist_range(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);
136 
137 static void usage(const char *) __dead2;
138 
139 static void
140 usage(const char *cp)
141 {
142 	if (cp != NULL)
143 		warnx("bad keyword: %s", cp);
144 	errx(EX_USAGE, "usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]");
145 	/* NOTREACHED */
146 }
147 
148 int
149 main(int argc, char **argv)
150 {
151 	int ch;
152 	size_t len;
153 
154 	if (argc < 2)
155 		usage(NULL);
156 
157 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "nqdtv")) != -1)
158 		switch(ch) {
159 		case 'n':
160 			nflag = 1;
161 			break;
162 		case 'q':
163 			qflag = 1;
164 			break;
165 		case 'v':
166 			verbose = 1;
167 			break;
168 		case 't':
169 			tflag = 1;
170 			break;
171 		case 'd':
172 			debugonly = 1;
173 			break;
174 		case '?':
175 		default:
176 			usage(NULL);
177 		}
178 	argc -= optind;
179 	argv += optind;
180 
181 	pid = getpid();
182 	uid = geteuid();
183 	if (tflag)
184 		s = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY, 0);
185 	else
186 		s = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, 0);
187 	if (s < 0)
188 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
189 
190 	len = sizeof(numfibs);
191 	if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", (void *)&numfibs, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
192 		numfibs = -1;
193 
194 	len = sizeof(defaultfib);
195 	if (numfibs != -1 &&
196 	    sysctlbyname("net.my_fibnum", (void *)&defaultfib, &len, NULL,
197 		0) == -1)
198 		defaultfib = -1;
199 
200 	if (*argv != NULL)
201 		switch (keyword(*argv)) {
202 		case K_GET:
203 		case K_SHOW:
204 			uid = 0;
205 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
206 
207 		case K_CHANGE:
208 		case K_ADD:
209 		case K_DEL:
210 		case K_DELETE:
211 			newroute(argc, argv);
212 			/* NOTREACHED */
213 
214 		case K_MONITOR:
215 			monitor(argc, argv);
216 			/* NOTREACHED */
217 
218 		case K_FLUSH:
219 			flushroutes(argc, argv);
220 			exit(0);
221 			/* NOTREACHED */
222 		}
223 	usage(*argv);
224 	/* NOTREACHED */
225 }
226 
227 static int
228 set_sofib(int fib)
229 {
230 
231 	if (fib < 0)
232 		return (0);
233 	return (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SETFIB, (void *)&fib,
234 	    sizeof(fib)));
235 }
236 
237 static int
238 fiboptlist_range(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
239 {
240 	struct fibl *fl;
241 	char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
242 	int fib[2], i, error;
243 
244 	str0 = str = strdup(arg);
245 	error = 0;
246 	i = 0;
247 	while ((token = strsep(&str, "-")) != NULL) {
248 		switch (i) {
249 		case 0:
250 		case 1:
251 			errno = 0;
252 			fib[i] = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
253 			if (errno == 0) {
254 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
255 				    fib[i] < 0 ||
256 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib[i] > numfibs - 1))
257 					errno = EINVAL;
258 			}
259 			if (errno)
260 				error = 1;
261 			break;
262 		default:
263 			error = 1;
264 		}
265 		if (error)
266 			goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
267 		i++;
268 	}
269 	if (fib[0] >= fib[1]) {
270 		error = 1;
271 		goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
272 	}
273 	for (i = fib[0]; i <= fib[1]; i++) {
274 		fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
275 		if (fl == NULL) {
276 			error = 1;
277 			goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
278 		}
279 		fl->fl_num = i;
280 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
281 	}
282 fiboptlist_range_ret:
283 	free(str0);
284 	return (error);
285 }
286 
287 #define	ALLSTRLEN	64
288 static int
289 fiboptlist_csv(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
290 {
291 	struct fibl *fl;
292 	char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
293 	int fib, error;
294 
295 	str0 = str = NULL;
296 	if (strcmp("all", arg) == 0) {
297 		str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
298 		if (str == NULL) {
299 			error = 1;
300 			goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
301 		}
302 		if (numfibs > 1)
303 			snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d-%d", 0, numfibs - 1);
304 		else
305 			snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", 0);
306 	} else if (strcmp("default", arg) == 0) {
307 		str0 = str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
308 		if (str == NULL) {
309 			error = 1;
310 			goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
311 		}
312 		snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", defaultfib);
313 	} else
314 		str0 = str = strdup(arg);
315 
316 	error = 0;
317 	while ((token = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
318 		if (*token != '-' && strchr(token, '-') != NULL) {
319 			error = fiboptlist_range(token, flh);
320 			if (error)
321 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
322 		} else {
323 			errno = 0;
324 			fib = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
325 			if (errno == 0) {
326 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
327 				    fib < 0 ||
328 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
329 					errno = EINVAL;
330 			}
331 			if (errno) {
332 				error = 1;
333 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
334 			}
335 			fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
336 			if (fl == NULL) {
337 				error = 1;
338 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
339 			}
340 			fl->fl_num = fib;
341 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
342 		}
343 	}
344 fiboptlist_csv_ret:
345 	if (str0 != NULL)
346 		free(str0);
347 	return (error);
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Purge all entries in the routing tables not
352  * associated with network interfaces.
353  */
354 static void
355 flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[])
356 {
357 	struct fibl *fl;
358 	int error;
359 
360 	if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
361 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
362 	shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
363 
364 	TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);
365 	while (argc > 1) {
366 		argc--;
367 		argv++;
368 		if (**argv != '-')
369 			usage(*argv);
370 		switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
371 #ifdef INET
372 		case K_INET:
373 			af = AF_INET;
374 			break;
375 #endif
376 #ifdef INET6
377 		case K_INET6:
378 			af = AF_INET6;
379 			break;
380 #endif
381 		case K_ATALK:
382 			af = AF_APPLETALK;
383 			break;
384 		case K_LINK:
385 			af = AF_LINK;
386 			break;
387 		case K_FIB:
388 			if (!--argc)
389 				usage(*argv);
390 			error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
391 			if (error)
392 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
393 			break;
394 		default:
395 			usage(*argv);
396 		}
397 	}
398 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
399 		error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
400 		if (error)
401 			errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
402 	}
403 	TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next)
404 		flushroutes_fib(fl->fl_num);
405 }
406 
407 static int
408 flushroutes_fib(int fib)
409 {
410 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
411 	size_t needed;
412 	char *buf, *next, *lim;
413 	int mib[7], rlen, seqno, count = 0;
414 	int error;
415 
416 	error = set_sofib(fib);
417 	if (error) {
418 		warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
419 		return (error);
420 	}
421 
422 retry:
423 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
424 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
425 	mib[2] = 0;		/* protocol */
426 	mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
427 	mib[4] = NET_RT_DUMP;
428 	mib[5] = 0;		/* no flags */
429 	mib[6] = fib;
430 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
431 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
432 	if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
433 		errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
434 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
435 		if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
436 			warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
437 			sleep(1);
438 			free(buf);
439 			goto retry;
440 		}
441 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-get");
442 	}
443 	lim = buf + needed;
444 	if (verbose)
445 		(void)printf("Examining routing table from sysctl\n");
446 	seqno = 0;		/* ??? */
447 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
448 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
449 		if (verbose)
450 			print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
451 		if ((rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) == 0)
452 			continue;
453 		if (af != 0) {
454 			struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);
455 
456 			if (sa->sa_family != af)
457 				continue;
458 		}
459 		if (debugonly)
460 			continue;
461 		rtm->rtm_type = RTM_DELETE;
462 		rtm->rtm_seq = seqno;
463 		rlen = write(s, next, rtm->rtm_msglen);
464 		if (rlen < 0 && errno == EPERM)
465 			err(1, "write to routing socket");
466 		if (rlen < (int)rtm->rtm_msglen) {
467 			warn("write to routing socket");
468 			(void)printf("got only %d for rlen\n", rlen);
469 			free(buf);
470 			goto retry;
471 			break;
472 		}
473 		seqno++;
474 		if (qflag)
475 			continue;
476 		if (verbose)
477 			print_rtmsg(rtm, rlen);
478 		else {
479 			struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);
480 
481 			printf("%-20.20s ", rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_HOST ?
482 			    routename(sa) : netname(sa));
483 			sa = (struct sockaddr *)(SA_SIZE(sa) + (char *)sa);
484 			printf("%-20.20s ", routename(sa));
485 			if (fib >= 0)
486 				printf("-fib %-3d ", fib);
487 			printf("done\n");
488 		}
489 	}
490 	return (error);
491 }
492 
493 static const char *
494 routename(struct sockaddr *sa)
495 {
496 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
497 	const char *cp;
498 	static char line[NI_MAXHOST];
499 	static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
500 	static int first = 1, n;
501 
502 	if (first) {
503 		first = 0;
504 		if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
505 		    (cp = strchr(domain, '.'))) {
506 			domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN] = '\0';
507 			(void)strcpy(domain, cp + 1);
508 		} else
509 			domain[0] = '\0';
510 	}
511 
512 	/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
513 	if (sa->sa_len == 0 && nflag == 0)
514 		return ("default");
515 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
516 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
517 #ifdef INET
518 	case AF_INET:
519 		/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
520 		if (nflag == 0 &&
521 		    ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr.s_addr ==
522 		    INADDR_ANY)
523 			return("default");
524 		break;
525 #endif
526 #ifdef INET6
527 	case AF_INET6:
528 		/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
529 		if (nflag == 0 &&
530 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr))
531 			return("default");
532 		break;
533 #endif
534 	}
535 #endif
536 
537 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
538 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
539 #ifdef INET
540 	case AF_INET:
541 #endif
542 #ifdef INET6
543 	case AF_INET6:
544 #endif
545 	{
546 		struct sockaddr_storage ss;
547 		int error;
548 		char *p;
549 
550 		memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
551 		if (sa->sa_len == 0)
552 			ss.ss_family = sa->sa_family;
553 		else
554 			memcpy(&ss, sa, sa->sa_len);
555 		/* Expand sa->sa_len because it could be shortened. */
556 		if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
557 			ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
558 		else if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6)
559 			ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
560 		error = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&ss, ss.ss_len,
561 		    line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
562 		    (nflag == 0) ? 0 : NI_NUMERICHOST);
563 		if (error) {
564 			warnx("getnameinfo(): %s", gai_strerror(error));
565 			strncpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
566 		}
567 
568 		/* Remove the domain part if any. */
569 		p = strchr(line, '.');
570 		if (p != NULL && strcmp(p + 1, domain) == 0)
571 			*p = '\0';
572 
573 		return (line);
574 		break;
575 	}
576 #endif
577 	case AF_APPLETALK:
578 		(void)snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "atalk %s",
579 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
580 		break;
581 
582 	case AF_LINK:
583 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
584 
585 		if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
586 		    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
587 		    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
588 			n = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "link#%d",
589 			    sdl->sdl_index);
590 			if (n > (int)sizeof(line))
591 			    line[0] = '\0';
592 			return (line);
593 		} else
594 			return (link_ntoa(sdl));
595 		break;
596 
597 	default:
598 	    {
599 		u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa;
600 		u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1) >> 1);
601 		char *cps = line + sprintf(line, "(%d)", sa->sa_family);
602 		char *cpe = line + sizeof(line);
603 
604 		while (++sp < splim && cps < cpe) /* start with sa->sa_data */
605 			if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp)) > 0)
606 				cps += n;
607 			else
608 				*cps = '\0';
609 		break;
610 	    }
611 	}
612 	return (line);
613 }
614 
615 /*
616  * Return the name of the network whose address is given.
617  * The address is assumed to be that of a net, not a host.
618  */
619 static const char *
620 netname(struct sockaddr *sa)
621 {
622 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
623 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
624 	int n;
625 #ifdef INET
626 	struct netent *np = NULL;
627 	const char *cp = NULL;
628 	u_long i;
629 #endif
630 
631 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
632 #ifdef INET
633 	case AF_INET:
634 	{
635 		struct in_addr in;
636 
637 		in = ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr;
638 		i = in.s_addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
639 		if (in.s_addr == 0)
640 			cp = "default";
641 		else if (!nflag) {
642 			np = getnetbyaddr(i, AF_INET);
643 			if (np != NULL)
644 				cp = np->n_name;
645 		}
646 #define C(x)	(unsigned)((x) & 0xff)
647 		if (cp != NULL)
648 			strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line));
649 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffffff) == 0)
650 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24));
651 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffff) == 0)
652 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
653 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16));
654 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xff) == 0)
655 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
656 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8));
657 		else
658 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
659 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8),
660 			    C(in.s_addr));
661 #undef C
662 		break;
663 	}
664 #endif
665 #ifdef INET6
666 	case AF_INET6:
667 	{
668 		struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
669 		int niflags = 0;
670 
671 		memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
672 		memcpy(&sin6, sa, sa->sa_len);
673 		sin6.sin6_len = sizeof(sin6);
674 		sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
675 		if (nflag)
676 			niflags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
677 		if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&sin6, sin6.sin6_len,
678 		    line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0, niflags) != 0)
679 			strncpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
680 
681 		return(line);
682 	}
683 #endif
684 
685 	case AF_APPLETALK:
686 		(void)snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "atalk %s",
687 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
688 		break;
689 
690 	case AF_LINK:
691 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
692 
693 		if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
694 		    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
695 		    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
696 			n = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "link#%d",
697 			    sdl->sdl_index);
698 			if (n > (int)sizeof(line))
699 			    line[0] = '\0';
700 			return (line);
701 		} else
702 			return (link_ntoa(sdl));
703 		break;
704 
705 	default:
706 	    {
707 		u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa->sa_data;
708 		u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1)>>1);
709 		char *cps = line + sprintf(line, "af %d:", sa->sa_family);
710 		char *cpe = line + sizeof(line);
711 
712 		while (sp < splim && cps < cpe)
713 			if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp++)) > 0)
714 				cps += n;
715 			else
716 				*cps = '\0';
717 		break;
718 	    }
719 	}
720 	return (line);
721 }
722 
723 static void
724 set_metric(char *value, int key)
725 {
726 	int flag = 0;
727 	char *endptr;
728 	u_long noval, *valp = &noval;
729 
730 	switch (key) {
731 #define caseof(x, y, z)	case x: valp = &rt_metrics.z; flag = y; break
732 	caseof(K_MTU, RTV_MTU, rmx_mtu);
733 	caseof(K_HOPCOUNT, RTV_HOPCOUNT, rmx_hopcount);
734 	caseof(K_EXPIRE, RTV_EXPIRE, rmx_expire);
735 	caseof(K_RECVPIPE, RTV_RPIPE, rmx_recvpipe);
736 	caseof(K_SENDPIPE, RTV_SPIPE, rmx_sendpipe);
737 	caseof(K_SSTHRESH, RTV_SSTHRESH, rmx_ssthresh);
738 	caseof(K_RTT, RTV_RTT, rmx_rtt);
739 	caseof(K_RTTVAR, RTV_RTTVAR, rmx_rttvar);
740 	caseof(K_WEIGHT, RTV_WEIGHT, rmx_weight);
741 	}
742 	rtm_inits |= flag;
743 	if (lockrest || locking)
744 		rt_metrics.rmx_locks |= flag;
745 	if (locking)
746 		locking = 0;
747 	errno = 0;
748 	*valp = strtol(value, &endptr, 0);
749 	if (errno == 0 && *endptr != '\0')
750 		errno = EINVAL;
751 	if (errno)
752 		err(EX_USAGE, "%s", value);
753 	if (flag & RTV_EXPIRE && (value[0] == '+' || value[0] == '-')) {
754 		struct timespec ts;
755 
756 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST, &ts);
757 		*valp += ts.tv_sec;
758 	}
759 }
760 
761 #define	F_ISHOST	0x01
762 #define	F_FORCENET	0x02
763 #define	F_FORCEHOST	0x04
764 #define	F_PROXY		0x08
765 #define	F_INTERFACE	0x10
766 
767 static void
768 newroute(int argc, char **argv)
769 {
770 	struct hostent *hp;
771 	struct fibl *fl;
772 	char *cmd;
773 	const char *dest, *gateway, *errmsg;
774 	int key, error, flags, nrflags, fibnum;
775 
776 	if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
777 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
778 	dest = NULL;
779 	gateway = NULL;
780 	flags = RTF_STATIC;
781 	nrflags = 0;
782 	hp = NULL;
783 	TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);
784 
785 	cmd = argv[0];
786 	if (*cmd != 'g' && *cmd != 's')
787 		shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
788 	while (--argc > 0) {
789 		if (**(++argv)== '-') {
790 			switch (key = keyword(1 + *argv)) {
791 			case K_LINK:
792 				af = AF_LINK;
793 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
794 				break;
795 #ifdef INET
796 			case K_INET:
797 				af = AF_INET;
798 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
799 				break;
800 #endif
801 #ifdef INET6
802 			case K_INET6:
803 				af = AF_INET6;
804 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
805 				break;
806 #endif
807 			case K_ATALK:
808 				af = AF_APPLETALK;
809 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_at);
810 				break;
811 			case K_SA:
812 				af = PF_ROUTE;
813 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage);
814 				break;
815 			case K_IFACE:
816 			case K_INTERFACE:
817 				nrflags |= F_INTERFACE;
818 				break;
819 			case K_NOSTATIC:
820 				flags &= ~RTF_STATIC;
821 				break;
822 			case K_LOCK:
823 				locking = 1;
824 				break;
825 			case K_LOCKREST:
826 				lockrest = 1;
827 				break;
828 			case K_HOST:
829 				nrflags |= F_FORCEHOST;
830 				break;
831 			case K_REJECT:
832 				flags |= RTF_REJECT;
833 				break;
834 			case K_BLACKHOLE:
835 				flags |= RTF_BLACKHOLE;
836 				break;
837 			case K_PROTO1:
838 				flags |= RTF_PROTO1;
839 				break;
840 			case K_PROTO2:
841 				flags |= RTF_PROTO2;
842 				break;
843 			case K_PROTO3:
844 				flags |= RTF_PROTO3;
845 				break;
846 			case K_PROXY:
847 				nrflags |= F_PROXY;
848 				break;
849 			case K_XRESOLVE:
850 				flags |= RTF_XRESOLVE;
851 				break;
852 			case K_STATIC:
853 				flags |= RTF_STATIC;
854 				break;
855 			case K_STICKY:
856 				flags |= RTF_STICKY;
857 				break;
858 			case K_NOSTICK:
859 				flags &= ~RTF_STICKY;
860 				break;
861 			case K_FIB:
862 				if (!--argc)
863 					usage(NULL);
864 				error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
865 				if (error)
866 					errx(EX_USAGE,
867 					    "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
868 				break;
869 			case K_IFA:
870 				if (!--argc)
871 					usage(NULL);
872 				getaddr(RTAX_IFA, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
873 				break;
874 			case K_IFP:
875 				if (!--argc)
876 					usage(NULL);
877 				getaddr(RTAX_IFP, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
878 				break;
879 			case K_GENMASK:
880 				if (!--argc)
881 					usage(NULL);
882 				getaddr(RTAX_GENMASK, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
883 				break;
884 			case K_GATEWAY:
885 				if (!--argc)
886 					usage(NULL);
887 				getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
888 				gateway = *argv;
889 				break;
890 			case K_DST:
891 				if (!--argc)
892 					usage(NULL);
893 				if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *++argv, &hp, nrflags))
894 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
895 				dest = *argv;
896 				break;
897 			case K_NETMASK:
898 				if (!--argc)
899 					usage(NULL);
900 				getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
901 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
902 			case K_NET:
903 				nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
904 				break;
905 			case K_PREFIXLEN:
906 				if (!--argc)
907 					usage(NULL);
908 				if (prefixlen(*++argv) == -1) {
909 					nrflags &= ~F_FORCENET;
910 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
911 				} else {
912 					nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
913 					nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
914 				}
915 				break;
916 			case K_MTU:
917 			case K_HOPCOUNT:
918 			case K_EXPIRE:
919 			case K_RECVPIPE:
920 			case K_SENDPIPE:
921 			case K_SSTHRESH:
922 			case K_RTT:
923 			case K_RTTVAR:
924 			case K_WEIGHT:
925 				if (!--argc)
926 					usage(NULL);
927 				set_metric(*++argv, key);
928 				break;
929 			default:
930 				usage(1+*argv);
931 			}
932 		} else {
933 			if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_DST) == 0) {
934 				dest = *argv;
935 				if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *argv, &hp, nrflags))
936 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
937 			} else if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_GATEWAY) == 0) {
938 				gateway = *argv;
939 				getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *argv, &hp, nrflags);
940 			} else {
941 				getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *argv, 0, nrflags);
942 				nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
943 			}
944 		}
945 	}
946 
947 	if (so[RTAX_DST].ss_len == 0) {
948 		warnx("destination parameter required");
949 		usage(NULL);
950 	}
951 
952 	if (nrflags & F_FORCEHOST) {
953 		nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
954 #ifdef INET6
955 		if (af == AF_INET6) {
956 			rtm_addrs &= ~RTA_NETMASK;
957 			memset(&so[RTAX_NETMASK], 0, sizeof(so[RTAX_NETMASK]));
958 		}
959 #endif
960 	}
961 	if (nrflags & F_FORCENET)
962 		nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
963 	flags |= RTF_UP;
964 	if (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
965 		flags |= RTF_HOST;
966 	if ((nrflags & F_INTERFACE) == 0)
967 		flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
968 	if (nrflags & F_PROXY)
969 		flags |= RTF_ANNOUNCE;
970 	if (dest == NULL)
971 		dest = "";
972 	if (gateway == NULL)
973 		gateway = "";
974 
975 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
976 		error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
977 		if (error)
978 			errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
979 	}
980 	error = 0;
981 	TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
982 		fl->fl_error = newroute_fib(fl->fl_num, cmd, flags);
983 		if (fl->fl_error)
984 			fl->fl_errno = errno;
985 		error += fl->fl_error;
986 	}
987 	if (*cmd == 'g' || *cmd == 's')
988 		exit(error);
989 
990 	error = 0;
991 	if (!qflag) {
992 		fibnum = 0;
993 		TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
994 			if (fl->fl_error == 0)
995 				fibnum++;
996 		}
997 		if (fibnum > 0) {
998 			int firstfib = 1;
999 
1000 			printf("%s %s %s", cmd,
1001 			    (nrflags & F_ISHOST) ? "host" : "net", dest);
1002 			if (*gateway)
1003 				printf(": gateway %s", gateway);
1004 
1005 			if (numfibs > 1) {
1006 				TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
1007 					if (fl->fl_error == 0
1008 					    && fl->fl_num >= 0) {
1009 						if (firstfib) {
1010 							printf(" fib ");
1011 							firstfib = 0;
1012 						}
1013 						printf("%d", fl->fl_num);
1014 						if (fibnum-- > 1)
1015 							printf(",");
1016 					}
1017 				}
1018 			}
1019 			printf("\n");
1020 		}
1021 
1022 		fibnum = 0;
1023 		TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
1024 			if (fl->fl_error != 0) {
1025 				printf("%s %s %s", cmd, (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
1026 				    ? "host" : "net", dest);
1027 				if (*gateway)
1028 					printf(": gateway %s", gateway);
1029 
1030 				if (fl->fl_num >= 0)
1031 					printf(" fib %d", fl->fl_num);
1032 
1033 				switch (fl->fl_errno) {
1034 				case ESRCH:
1035 					errmsg = "not in table";
1036 					break;
1037 				case EBUSY:
1038 					errmsg = "entry in use";
1039 					break;
1040 				case ENOBUFS:
1041 					errmsg = "not enough memory";
1042 					break;
1043 				case EADDRINUSE:
1044 					/*
1045 					 * handle recursion avoidance
1046 					 * in rt_setgate()
1047 					 */
1048 					errmsg = "gateway uses the same route";
1049 					break;
1050 				case EEXIST:
1051 					errmsg = "route already in table";
1052 					break;
1053 				default:
1054 					errmsg = strerror(fl->fl_errno);
1055 					break;
1056 				}
1057 				printf(": %s\n", errmsg);
1058 				error = 1;
1059 			}
1060 		}
1061 	}
1062 	exit(error);
1063 }
1064 
1065 static int
1066 newroute_fib(int fib, char *cmd, int flags)
1067 {
1068 	int error;
1069 
1070 	error = set_sofib(fib);
1071 	if (error) {
1072 		warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
1073 		return (error);
1074 	}
1075 
1076 	error = rtmsg(*cmd, flags, fib);
1077 	return (error);
1078 }
1079 
1080 #ifdef INET
1081 static void
1082 inet_makenetandmask(u_long net, struct sockaddr_in *sin,
1083     struct sockaddr_in *sin_mask, u_long bits)
1084 {
1085 	u_long mask = 0;
1086 
1087 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1088 
1089 	/*
1090 	 * MSB of net should be meaningful. 0/0 is exception.
1091 	 */
1092 	if (net > 0)
1093 		while ((net & 0xff000000) == 0)
1094 			net <<= 8;
1095 
1096 	/*
1097 	 * If no /xx was specified we must calculate the
1098 	 * CIDR address.
1099 	 */
1100 	if ((bits == 0) && (net != 0)) {
1101 		u_long i, j;
1102 
1103 		for(i = 0, j = 0xff; i < 4; i++)  {
1104 			if (net & j) {
1105 				break;
1106 			}
1107 			j <<= 8;
1108 		}
1109 		/* i holds the first non zero bit */
1110 		bits = 32 - (i*8);
1111 	}
1112 	if (bits != 0)
1113 		mask = 0xffffffff << (32 - bits);
1114 
1115 	sin->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(net);
1116 	sin_mask->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mask);
1117 	sin_mask->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1118 	sin_mask->sin_family = AF_INET;
1119 }
1120 #endif
1121 
1122 #ifdef INET6
1123 /*
1124  * XXX the function may need more improvement...
1125  */
1126 static int
1127 inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6, const char *plen)
1128 {
1129 	struct in6_addr in6;
1130 
1131 	if (plen == NULL) {
1132 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&sin6->sin6_addr) &&
1133 		    sin6->sin6_scope_id == 0) {
1134 			plen = "0";
1135 		} else if ((sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[0] & 0xe0) == 0x20) {
1136 			/* aggregatable global unicast - RFC2374 */
1137 			memset(&in6, 0, sizeof(in6));
1138 			if (!memcmp(&sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[8],
1139 				    &in6.s6_addr[8], 8))
1140 				plen = "64";
1141 		}
1142 	}
1143 
1144 	if (plen == NULL || strcmp(plen, "128") == 0)
1145 		return (1);
1146 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1147 	prefixlen(plen);
1148 	return (0);
1149 }
1150 #endif
1151 
1152 /*
1153  * Interpret an argument as a network address of some kind,
1154  * returning 1 if a host address, 0 if a network address.
1155  */
1156 static int
1157 getaddr(int idx, char *str, struct hostent **hpp, int nrflags)
1158 {
1159 	struct sockaddr *sa;
1160 #if defined(INET)
1161 	struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1162 	struct hostent *hp;
1163 	struct netent *np;
1164 	u_long val;
1165 	char *q;
1166 #elif defined(INET6)
1167 	char *q;
1168 #endif
1169 
1170 	if (idx < 0 || idx >= RTAX_MAX)
1171 		usage("internal error");
1172 	if (af == 0) {
1173 #if defined(INET)
1174 		af = AF_INET;
1175 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1176 #elif defined(INET6)
1177 		af = AF_INET6;
1178 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
1179 #else
1180 		af = AF_LINK;
1181 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
1182 #endif
1183 	}
1184 #ifndef INET
1185 	hpp = NULL;
1186 #endif
1187 	rtm_addrs |= (1 << idx);
1188 	sa = (struct sockaddr *)&so[idx];
1189 	sa->sa_family = af;
1190 	sa->sa_len = aflen;
1191 
1192 	switch (idx) {
1193 	case RTAX_GATEWAY:
1194 		if (nrflags & F_INTERFACE) {
1195 			struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa;
1196 			struct sockaddr_dl *sdl0 = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
1197 			struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = NULL;
1198 
1199 			if (getifaddrs(&ifap))
1200 				err(EX_OSERR, "getifaddrs");
1201 
1202 			for (ifa = ifap; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
1203 				if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_LINK)
1204 					continue;
1205 
1206 				if (strcmp(str, ifa->ifa_name) != 0)
1207 					continue;
1208 
1209 				sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)ifa->ifa_addr;
1210 			}
1211 			/* If we found it, then use it */
1212 			if (sdl != NULL) {
1213 				/*
1214 				 * Note that we need to copy before calling
1215 				 * freeifaddrs().
1216 				 */
1217 				memcpy(sdl0, sdl, sdl->sdl_len);
1218 			}
1219 			freeifaddrs(ifap);
1220 			if (sdl != NULL)
1221 				return(1);
1222 		}
1223 		break;
1224 	case RTAX_IFP:
1225 		sa->sa_family = AF_LINK;
1226 		break;
1227 	}
1228 	if (strcmp(str, "default") == 0) {
1229 		/*
1230 		 * Default is net 0.0.0.0/0
1231 		 */
1232 		switch (idx) {
1233 		case RTAX_DST:
1234 			forcenet++;
1235 			getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, str, 0, nrflags);
1236 			break;
1237 		}
1238 		return (0);
1239 	}
1240 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
1241 #ifdef INET6
1242 	case AF_INET6:
1243 	{
1244 		struct addrinfo hints, *res;
1245 		int ecode;
1246 
1247 		q = NULL;
1248 		if (idx == RTAX_DST && (q = strchr(str, '/')) != NULL)
1249 			*q = '\0';
1250 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
1251 		hints.ai_family = sa->sa_family;
1252 		hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;
1253 		ecode = getaddrinfo(str, NULL, &hints, &res);
1254 		if (ecode != 0 || res->ai_family != AF_INET6 ||
1255 		    res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
1256 			errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: %s", str, gai_strerror(ecode));
1257 		memcpy(sa, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
1258 		freeaddrinfo(res);
1259 		if (q != NULL)
1260 			*q++ = '/';
1261 		if (idx == RTAX_DST)
1262 			return (inet6_makenetandmask((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa, q));
1263 		return (0);
1264 	}
1265 #endif /* INET6 */
1266 
1267 	case AF_APPLETALK:
1268 	{
1269 		struct sockaddr_at *sat = (struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa;
1270 
1271 		if (!atalk_aton(str, &sat->sat_addr))
1272 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);
1273 		rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1274 		return(forcehost || sat->sat_addr.s_node != 0);
1275 	}
1276 	case AF_LINK:
1277 		link_addr(str, (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa);
1278 		return (1);
1279 
1280 	case PF_ROUTE:
1281 		sockaddr(str, sa, sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
1282 		return (1);
1283 #ifdef INET
1284 	case AF_INET:
1285 #endif
1286 	default:
1287 		break;
1288 	}
1289 
1290 #ifdef INET
1291 	sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa;
1292 	if (hpp == NULL)
1293 		hpp = &hp;
1294 	*hpp = NULL;
1295 
1296 	q = strchr(str,'/');
1297 	if (q != NULL && idx == RTAX_DST) {
1298 		*q = '\0';
1299 		if ((val = inet_network(str)) != INADDR_NONE) {
1300 			inet_makenetandmask(val, sin,
1301 			    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK],
1302 			    strtoul(q+1, 0, 0));
1303 			return (0);
1304 		}
1305 		*q = '/';
1306 	}
1307 	if ((idx != RTAX_DST || forcenet == 0) &&
1308 	    inet_aton(str, &sin->sin_addr)) {
1309 		val = sin->sin_addr.s_addr;
1310 		if (idx != RTAX_DST || forcehost ||
1311 		    inet_lnaof(sin->sin_addr) != INADDR_ANY)
1312 			return (1);
1313 		else {
1314 			val = ntohl(val);
1315 			goto netdone;
1316 		}
1317 	}
1318 	if (idx == RTAX_DST && forcehost == 0 &&
1319 	    ((val = inet_network(str)) != INADDR_NONE ||
1320 	    ((np = getnetbyname(str)) != NULL && (val = np->n_net) != 0))) {
1321 netdone:
1322 		inet_makenetandmask(val, sin,
1323 		    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK], 0);
1324 		return (0);
1325 	}
1326 	hp = gethostbyname(str);
1327 	if (hp != NULL) {
1328 		*hpp = hp;
1329 		sin->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
1330 		memmove((char *)&sin->sin_addr, hp->h_addr,
1331 		    MIN((size_t)hp->h_length, sizeof(sin->sin_addr)));
1332 		return (1);
1333 	}
1334 #endif
1335 	errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);
1336 }
1337 
1338 static int
1339 prefixlen(const char *str)
1340 {
1341 	int len = atoi(str), q, r;
1342 	int max;
1343 	char *p;
1344 
1345 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1346 	switch (af) {
1347 #ifdef INET6
1348 	case AF_INET6:
1349 	{
1350 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 =
1351 		    (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];
1352 
1353 		max = 128;
1354 		p = (char *)&sin6->sin6_addr;
1355 		sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1356 		sin6->sin6_len = sizeof(*sin6);
1357 		break;
1358 	}
1359 #endif
1360 #ifdef INET
1361 	case AF_INET:
1362 	{
1363 		struct sockaddr_in *sin =
1364 		    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];
1365 
1366 		max = 32;
1367 		p = (char *)&sin->sin_addr;
1368 		sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1369 		sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin);
1370 		break;
1371 	}
1372 #endif
1373 	default:
1374 		errx(EX_OSERR, "prefixlen not supported in this af");
1375 	}
1376 
1377 	if (len < 0 || max < len)
1378 		errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: invalid prefixlen", str);
1379 
1380 	q = len >> 3;
1381 	r = len & 7;
1382 	memset((void *)p, 0, max / 8);
1383 	if (q > 0)
1384 		memset((void *)p, 0xff, q);
1385 	if (r > 0)
1386 		*((u_char *)p + q) = (0xff00 >> r) & 0xff;
1387 	if (len == max)
1388 		return (-1);
1389 	else
1390 		return (len);
1391 }
1392 
1393 static void
1394 interfaces(void)
1395 {
1396 	size_t needed;
1397 	int mib[6];
1398 	char *buf, *lim, *next, count = 0;
1399 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
1400 
1401 retry2:
1402 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
1403 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
1404 	mib[2] = 0;		/* protocol */
1405 	mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
1406 	mib[4] = NET_RT_IFLIST;
1407 	mib[5] = 0;		/* no flags */
1408 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
1409 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
1410 	if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
1411 		errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
1412 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
1413 		if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
1414 			warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
1415 			sleep(1);
1416 			free(buf);
1417 			goto retry2;
1418 		}
1419 		err(EX_OSERR, "actual retrieval of interface table");
1420 	}
1421 	lim = buf + needed;
1422 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
1423 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
1424 		print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
1425 	}
1426 }
1427 
1428 static void
1429 monitor(int argc, char *argv[])
1430 {
1431 	int n, fib, error;
1432 	char msg[2048], *endptr;
1433 
1434 	fib = defaultfib;
1435 	while (argc > 1) {
1436 		argc--;
1437 		argv++;
1438 		if (**argv != '-')
1439 			usage(*argv);
1440 		switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
1441 		case K_FIB:
1442 			if (!--argc)
1443 				usage(*argv);
1444 			errno = 0;
1445 			fib = strtol(*++argv, &endptr, 0);
1446 			if (errno == 0) {
1447 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
1448 				    fib < 0 ||
1449 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
1450 					errno = EINVAL;
1451 			}
1452 			if (errno)
1453 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
1454 			break;
1455 		default:
1456 			usage(*argv);
1457 		}
1458 	}
1459 	error = set_sofib(fib);
1460 	if (error)
1461 		errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %d", fib);
1462 
1463 	verbose = 1;
1464 	if (debugonly) {
1465 		interfaces();
1466 		exit(0);
1467 	}
1468 	for (;;) {
1469 		time_t now;
1470 		n = read(s, msg, 2048);
1471 		now = time(NULL);
1472 		(void)printf("\ngot message of size %d on %s", n, ctime(&now));
1473 		print_rtmsg((struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)msg, n);
1474 	}
1475 }
1476 
1477 static struct {
1478 	struct	rt_msghdr m_rtm;
1479 	char	m_space[512];
1480 } m_rtmsg;
1481 
1482 static int
1483 rtmsg(int cmd, int flags, int fib)
1484 {
1485 	static int seq;
1486 	int rlen;
1487 	char *cp = m_rtmsg.m_space;
1488 	int l;
1489 
1490 #define NEXTADDR(w, u)							\
1491 	if (rtm_addrs & (w)) {						\
1492 		l = (((struct sockaddr *)&(u))->sa_len == 0) ?		\
1493 		    sizeof(long) :					\
1494 		    1 + ((((struct sockaddr *)&(u))->sa_len - 1)	\
1495 			| (sizeof(long) - 1));				\
1496 		memmove(cp, (char *)&(u), l);				\
1497 		cp += l;						\
1498 		if (verbose)						\
1499 			sodump((struct sockaddr *)&(u), #w);		\
1500 	}
1501 
1502 	errno = 0;
1503 	memset(&m_rtmsg, 0, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
1504 	if (cmd == 'a')
1505 		cmd = RTM_ADD;
1506 	else if (cmd == 'c')
1507 		cmd = RTM_CHANGE;
1508 	else if (cmd == 'g' || cmd == 's') {
1509 		cmd = RTM_GET;
1510 		if (so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family == 0) {
1511 			so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family = AF_LINK;
1512 			so[RTAX_IFP].ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
1513 			rtm_addrs |= RTA_IFP;
1514 		}
1515 	} else
1516 		cmd = RTM_DELETE;
1517 #define rtm m_rtmsg.m_rtm
1518 	rtm.rtm_type = cmd;
1519 	rtm.rtm_flags = flags;
1520 	rtm.rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
1521 	rtm.rtm_seq = ++seq;
1522 	rtm.rtm_addrs = rtm_addrs;
1523 	rtm.rtm_rmx = rt_metrics;
1524 	rtm.rtm_inits = rtm_inits;
1525 
1526 	NEXTADDR(RTA_DST, so[RTAX_DST]);
1527 	NEXTADDR(RTA_GATEWAY, so[RTAX_GATEWAY]);
1528 	NEXTADDR(RTA_NETMASK, so[RTAX_NETMASK]);
1529 	NEXTADDR(RTA_GENMASK, so[RTAX_GENMASK]);
1530 	NEXTADDR(RTA_IFP, so[RTAX_IFP]);
1531 	NEXTADDR(RTA_IFA, so[RTAX_IFA]);
1532 	rtm.rtm_msglen = l = cp - (char *)&m_rtmsg;
1533 	if (verbose)
1534 		print_rtmsg(&rtm, l);
1535 	if (debugonly)
1536 		return (0);
1537 	if ((rlen = write(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, l)) < 0) {
1538 		if (errno == EPERM)
1539 			err(1, "writing to routing socket");
1540 		warn("writing to routing socket");
1541 		return (-1);
1542 	}
1543 	if (cmd == RTM_GET) {
1544 		do {
1545 			l = read(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
1546 		} while (l > 0 && (rtm.rtm_seq != seq || rtm.rtm_pid != pid));
1547 		if (l < 0)
1548 			warn("read from routing socket");
1549 		else
1550 			print_getmsg(&rtm, l, fib);
1551 	}
1552 #undef rtm
1553 	return (0);
1554 }
1555 
1556 static const char *msgtypes[] = {
1557 	"",
1558 	"RTM_ADD: Add Route",
1559 	"RTM_DELETE: Delete Route",
1560 	"RTM_CHANGE: Change Metrics or flags",
1561 	"RTM_GET: Report Metrics",
1562 	"RTM_LOSING: Kernel Suspects Partitioning",
1563 	"RTM_REDIRECT: Told to use different route",
1564 	"RTM_MISS: Lookup failed on this address",
1565 	"RTM_LOCK: fix specified metrics",
1566 	"RTM_OLDADD: caused by SIOCADDRT",
1567 	"RTM_OLDDEL: caused by SIOCDELRT",
1568 	"RTM_RESOLVE: Route created by cloning",
1569 	"RTM_NEWADDR: address being added to iface",
1570 	"RTM_DELADDR: address being removed from iface",
1571 	"RTM_IFINFO: iface status change",
1572 	"RTM_NEWMADDR: new multicast group membership on iface",
1573 	"RTM_DELMADDR: multicast group membership removed from iface",
1574 	"RTM_IFANNOUNCE: interface arrival/departure",
1575 	"RTM_IEEE80211: IEEE 802.11 wireless event",
1576 };
1577 
1578 static const char metricnames[] =
1579     "\011weight\010rttvar\7rtt\6ssthresh\5sendpipe\4recvpipe\3expire"
1580     "\1mtu";
1581 static const char routeflags[] =
1582     "\1UP\2GATEWAY\3HOST\4REJECT\5DYNAMIC\6MODIFIED\7DONE"
1583     "\012XRESOLVE\013LLINFO\014STATIC\015BLACKHOLE"
1584     "\017PROTO2\020PROTO1\021PRCLONING\022WASCLONED\023PROTO3"
1585     "\025PINNED\026LOCAL\027BROADCAST\030MULTICAST\035STICKY";
1586 static const char ifnetflags[] =
1587     "\1UP\2BROADCAST\3DEBUG\4LOOPBACK\5PTP\6b6\7RUNNING\010NOARP"
1588     "\011PPROMISC\012ALLMULTI\013OACTIVE\014SIMPLEX\015LINK0\016LINK1"
1589     "\017LINK2\020MULTICAST";
1590 static const char addrnames[] =
1591     "\1DST\2GATEWAY\3NETMASK\4GENMASK\5IFP\6IFA\7AUTHOR\010BRD";
1592 
1593 static const char errfmt[] =
1594     "\n%s: truncated route message, only %zu bytes left\n";
1595 
1596 static void
1597 print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
1598 {
1599 	struct if_msghdr *ifm;
1600 	struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;
1601 #ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
1602 	struct ifma_msghdr *ifmam;
1603 #endif
1604 	struct if_announcemsghdr *ifan;
1605 	const char *state;
1606 
1607 	if (verbose == 0)
1608 		return;
1609 	if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
1610 		(void)printf("routing message version %d not understood\n",
1611 		    rtm->rtm_version);
1612 		return;
1613 	}
1614 	if (rtm->rtm_type < nitems(msgtypes))
1615 		(void)printf("%s: ", msgtypes[rtm->rtm_type]);
1616 	else
1617 		(void)printf("unknown type %d: ", rtm->rtm_type);
1618 	(void)printf("len %d, ", rtm->rtm_msglen);
1619 
1620 #define	REQUIRE(x)	do {		\
1621 	if (msglen < sizeof(x))		\
1622 		goto badlen;		\
1623 	else				\
1624 		msglen -= sizeof(x);	\
1625 	} while (0)
1626 
1627 	switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
1628 	case RTM_IFINFO:
1629 		REQUIRE(struct if_msghdr);
1630 		ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)rtm;
1631 		(void)printf("if# %d, ", ifm->ifm_index);
1632 		switch (ifm->ifm_data.ifi_link_state) {
1633 		case LINK_STATE_DOWN:
1634 			state = "down";
1635 			break;
1636 		case LINK_STATE_UP:
1637 			state = "up";
1638 			break;
1639 		default:
1640 			state = "unknown";
1641 			break;
1642 		}
1643 		(void)printf("link: %s, flags:", state);
1644 		printb(ifm->ifm_flags, ifnetflags);
1645 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifm + 1), ifm->ifm_addrs, msglen);
1646 		break;
1647 	case RTM_NEWADDR:
1648 	case RTM_DELADDR:
1649 		REQUIRE(struct ifa_msghdr);
1650 		ifam = (struct ifa_msghdr *)rtm;
1651 		(void)printf("metric %d, flags:", ifam->ifam_metric);
1652 		printb(ifam->ifam_flags, routeflags);
1653 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifam + 1), ifam->ifam_addrs, msglen);
1654 		break;
1655 #ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
1656 	case RTM_NEWMADDR:
1657 	case RTM_DELMADDR:
1658 		REQUIRE(struct ifma_msghdr);
1659 		ifmam = (struct ifma_msghdr *)rtm;
1660 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifmam + 1), ifmam->ifmam_addrs, msglen);
1661 		break;
1662 #endif
1663 	case RTM_IFANNOUNCE:
1664 		REQUIRE(struct if_announcemsghdr);
1665 		ifan = (struct if_announcemsghdr *)rtm;
1666 		(void)printf("if# %d, what: ", ifan->ifan_index);
1667 		switch (ifan->ifan_what) {
1668 		case IFAN_ARRIVAL:
1669 			(void)printf("arrival");
1670 			break;
1671 		case IFAN_DEPARTURE:
1672 			printf("departure");
1673 			break;
1674 		default:
1675 			printf("#%d", ifan->ifan_what);
1676 			break;
1677 		}
1678 		printf("\n");
1679 		fflush(stdout);
1680 		break;
1681 
1682 	default:
1683 		printf("pid: %ld, seq %d, errno %d, flags:",
1684 			(long)rtm->rtm_pid, rtm->rtm_seq, rtm->rtm_errno);
1685 		printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);
1686 		pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
1687 	}
1688 
1689 	return;
1690 
1691 badlen:
1692 	(void)printf(errfmt, __func__, msglen);
1693 #undef	REQUIRE
1694 }
1695 
1696 static void
1697 print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, int msglen, int fib)
1698 {
1699 	struct sockaddr *sp[RTAX_MAX];
1700 	struct timespec ts;
1701 	char *cp;
1702 	int i;
1703 
1704 	memset(sp, 0, sizeof(sp));
1705 	(void)printf("   route to: %s\n",
1706 	    routename((struct sockaddr *)&so[RTAX_DST]));
1707 	if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
1708 		warnx("routing message version %d not understood",
1709 		     rtm->rtm_version);
1710 		return;
1711 	}
1712 	if (rtm->rtm_msglen > msglen) {
1713 		warnx("message length mismatch, in packet %d, returned %d",
1714 		      rtm->rtm_msglen, msglen);
1715 		return;
1716 	}
1717 	if (rtm->rtm_errno)  {
1718 		errno = rtm->rtm_errno;
1719 		warn("message indicates error %d", errno);
1720 		return;
1721 	}
1722 	cp = ((char *)(rtm + 1));
1723 	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++)
1724 		if (rtm->rtm_addrs & (1 << i)) {
1725 			sp[i] = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
1726 			cp += SA_SIZE((struct sockaddr *)cp);
1727 		}
1728 	if ((rtm->rtm_addrs & RTA_IFP) &&
1729 	    (sp[RTAX_IFP]->sa_family != AF_LINK ||
1730 	     ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen == 0))
1731 			sp[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;
1732 	if (sp[RTAX_DST] && sp[RTAX_NETMASK])
1733 		sp[RTAX_NETMASK]->sa_family = sp[RTAX_DST]->sa_family; /* XXX */
1734 	if (sp[RTAX_DST])
1735 		(void)printf("destination: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_DST]));
1736 	if (sp[RTAX_NETMASK])
1737 		(void)printf("       mask: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_NETMASK]));
1738 	if (sp[RTAX_GATEWAY] && (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY))
1739 		(void)printf("    gateway: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_GATEWAY]));
1740 	if (fib >= 0)
1741 		(void)printf("        fib: %u\n", (unsigned int)fib);
1742 	if (sp[RTAX_IFP])
1743 		(void)printf("  interface: %.*s\n",
1744 		    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen,
1745 		    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_data);
1746 	(void)printf("      flags: ");
1747 	printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);
1748 
1749 #define lock(f)	((rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks & __CONCAT(RTV_,f)) ? 'L' : ' ')
1750 #define msec(u)	(((u) + 500) / 1000)		/* usec to msec */
1751 	printf("\n%9s %9s %9s %9s %9s %10s %9s\n", "recvpipe",
1752 	    "sendpipe", "ssthresh", "rtt,msec", "mtu   ", "weight", "expire");
1753 	printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_recvpipe, lock(RPIPE));
1754 	printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_sendpipe, lock(SPIPE));
1755 	printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_ssthresh, lock(SSTHRESH));
1756 	printf("%8lu%c ", msec(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_rtt), lock(RTT));
1757 	printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_mtu, lock(MTU));
1758 	printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_weight, lock(WEIGHT));
1759 	if (rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire > 0)
1760 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST, &ts);
1761 	else
1762 		ts.tv_sec = 0;
1763 	printf("%8ld%c\n", (long)(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire - ts.tv_sec),
1764 	    lock(EXPIRE));
1765 #undef lock
1766 #undef msec
1767 #define	RTA_IGN	(RTA_DST|RTA_GATEWAY|RTA_NETMASK|RTA_IFP|RTA_IFA|RTA_BRD)
1768 	if (verbose)
1769 		pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
1770 	else if (rtm->rtm_addrs &~ RTA_IGN) {
1771 		(void)printf("sockaddrs: ");
1772 		printb(rtm->rtm_addrs, addrnames);
1773 		putchar('\n');
1774 	}
1775 #undef	RTA_IGN
1776 }
1777 
1778 static void
1779 pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
1780 {
1781 
1782 	(void)printf("\nlocks: ");
1783 	printb(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks, metricnames);
1784 	(void)printf(" inits: ");
1785 	printb(rtm->rtm_inits, metricnames);
1786 	if (msglen > sizeof(struct rt_msghdr))
1787 		pmsg_addrs(((char *)(rtm + 1)), rtm->rtm_addrs,
1788 		    msglen - sizeof(struct rt_msghdr));
1789 	else
1790 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1791 }
1792 
1793 static void
1794 pmsg_addrs(char *cp, int addrs, size_t len)
1795 {
1796 	struct sockaddr *sa;
1797 	int i;
1798 
1799 	if (addrs == 0) {
1800 		(void)putchar('\n');
1801 		return;
1802 	}
1803 	(void)printf("\nsockaddrs: ");
1804 	printb(addrs, addrnames);
1805 	putchar('\n');
1806 	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++)
1807 		if (addrs & (1 << i)) {
1808 			sa = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
1809 			if (len == 0 || len < SA_SIZE(sa)) {
1810 				(void)printf(errfmt, __func__, len);
1811 				break;
1812 			}
1813 			(void)printf(" %s", routename(sa));
1814 			len -= SA_SIZE(sa);
1815 			cp += SA_SIZE(sa);
1816 		}
1817 	(void)putchar('\n');
1818 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1819 }
1820 
1821 static void
1822 printb(int b, const char *str)
1823 {
1824 	int i;
1825 	int gotsome = 0;
1826 
1827 	if (b == 0)
1828 		return;
1829 	while ((i = *str++) != 0) {
1830 		if (b & (1 << (i-1))) {
1831 			if (gotsome == 0)
1832 				i = '<';
1833 			else
1834 				i = ',';
1835 			putchar(i);
1836 			gotsome = 1;
1837 			for (; (i = *str) > 32; str++)
1838 				putchar(i);
1839 		} else
1840 			while (*str > 32)
1841 				str++;
1842 	}
1843 	if (gotsome)
1844 		putchar('>');
1845 }
1846 
1847 int
1848 keyword(const char *cp)
1849 {
1850 	struct keytab *kt = keywords;
1851 
1852 	while (kt->kt_cp != NULL && strcmp(kt->kt_cp, cp) != 0)
1853 		kt++;
1854 	return (kt->kt_i);
1855 }
1856 
1857 static void
1858 sodump(struct sockaddr *sa, const char *which)
1859 {
1860 #ifdef INET6
1861 	char nbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1862 #endif
1863 
1864 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
1865 	case AF_LINK:
1866 		(void)printf("%s: link %s; ", which,
1867 		    link_ntoa((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa));
1868 		break;
1869 #ifdef INET
1870 	case AF_INET:
1871 		(void)printf("%s: inet %s; ", which,
1872 		    inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr));
1873 		break;
1874 #endif
1875 #ifdef INET6
1876 	case AF_INET6:
1877 		(void)printf("%s: inet6 %s; ", which, inet_ntop(sa->sa_family,
1878 		    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr, nbuf,
1879 		    sizeof(nbuf)));
1880 		break;
1881 #endif
1882 	case AF_APPLETALK:
1883 		(void)printf("%s: atalk %s; ", which,
1884 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
1885 		break;
1886 	}
1887 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1888 }
1889 
1890 /* States*/
1891 #define VIRGIN	0
1892 #define GOTONE	1
1893 #define GOTTWO	2
1894 /* Inputs */
1895 #define	DIGIT	(4*0)
1896 #define	END	(4*1)
1897 #define DELIM	(4*2)
1898 
1899 static void
1900 sockaddr(char *addr, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t size)
1901 {
1902 	char *cp = (char *)sa;
1903 	char *cplim = cp + size;
1904 	int byte = 0, state = VIRGIN, new = 0 /* foil gcc */;
1905 
1906 	memset(cp, 0, size);
1907 	cp++;
1908 	do {
1909 		if ((*addr >= '0') && (*addr <= '9')) {
1910 			new = *addr - '0';
1911 		} else if ((*addr >= 'a') && (*addr <= 'f')) {
1912 			new = *addr - 'a' + 10;
1913 		} else if ((*addr >= 'A') && (*addr <= 'F')) {
1914 			new = *addr - 'A' + 10;
1915 		} else if (*addr == '\0')
1916 			state |= END;
1917 		else
1918 			state |= DELIM;
1919 		addr++;
1920 		switch (state /* | INPUT */) {
1921 		case GOTTWO | DIGIT:
1922 			*cp++ = byte; /*FALLTHROUGH*/
1923 		case VIRGIN | DIGIT:
1924 			state = GOTONE; byte = new; continue;
1925 		case GOTONE | DIGIT:
1926 			state = GOTTWO; byte = new + (byte << 4); continue;
1927 		default: /* | DELIM */
1928 			state = VIRGIN; *cp++ = byte; byte = 0; continue;
1929 		case GOTONE | END:
1930 		case GOTTWO | END:
1931 			*cp++ = byte; /* FALLTHROUGH */
1932 		case VIRGIN | END:
1933 			break;
1934 		}
1935 		break;
1936 	} while (cp < cplim);
1937 	sa->sa_len = cp - (char *)sa;
1938 }
1939 
1940 static int
1941 atalk_aton(const char *text, struct at_addr *addr)
1942 {
1943 	u_int net, node;
1944 
1945 	if (sscanf(text, "%u.%u", &net, &node) != 2
1946 	    || net > 0xffff || node > 0xff)
1947 		return(0);
1948 	addr->s_net = htons(net);
1949 	addr->s_node = node;
1950 	return(1);
1951 }
1952 
1953 static char *
1954 atalk_ntoa(struct at_addr at)
1955 {
1956 	static char buf[20];
1957 
1958 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%u", ntohs(at.s_net), at.s_node);
1959 	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
1960 	return(buf);
1961 }
1962