xref: /freebsd/sbin/route/route.c (revision 46902503bc85c7b5fcdfb06e027ad756e083b3a4)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef lint
31 static const char copyright[] =
32 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1991, 1993\n\
33 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
34 #endif /* not lint */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 #if 0
38 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)route.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
39 #endif
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
43 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
44 
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/file.h>
47 #include <sys/socket.h>
48 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
49 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
50 #include <sys/types.h>
51 #include <sys/queue.h>
52 
53 #include <net/if.h>
54 #include <net/route.h>
55 #include <net/if_dl.h>
56 #include <netinet/in.h>
57 #include <netinet/if_ether.h>
58 #include <netatalk/at.h>
59 #include <arpa/inet.h>
60 #include <netdb.h>
61 
62 #include <ctype.h>
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <paths.h>
66 #include <stdio.h>
67 #include <stdlib.h>
68 #include <string.h>
69 #include <sysexits.h>
70 #include <unistd.h>
71 #include <ifaddrs.h>
72 
73 static struct keytab {
74 	const char	*kt_cp;
75 	int	kt_i;
76 } keywords[] = {
77 #include "keywords.h"
78 	{0, 0}
79 };
80 
81 static struct sockaddr_storage so[RTAX_MAX];
82 static int	pid, rtm_addrs;
83 static int	s;
84 static int	forcehost, forcenet, nflag, af, qflag, tflag;
85 static int	verbose, aflen;
86 static int	locking, lockrest, debugonly;
87 static struct rt_metrics rt_metrics;
88 static u_long  rtm_inits;
89 static uid_t	uid;
90 static int	defaultfib;
91 static int	numfibs;
92 
93 static int	atalk_aton(const char *, struct at_addr *);
94 static char	*atalk_ntoa(struct at_addr);
95 static void	printb(int, const char *);
96 static void	flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[]);
97 static int	flushroutes_fib(int);
98 static int	getaddr(int, char *, struct hostent **, int);
99 static int	keyword(const char *);
100 #ifdef INET
101 static void	inet_makenetandmask(u_long, struct sockaddr_in *,
102 		    struct sockaddr_in *, u_long);
103 #endif
104 #ifdef INET6
105 static int	inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *, const char *);
106 #endif
107 static void	interfaces(void);
108 static void	monitor(int, char*[]);
109 static const char	*netname(struct sockaddr *);
110 static void	newroute(int, char **);
111 static int	newroute_fib(int, char *, int);
112 static void	pmsg_addrs(char *, int, size_t);
113 static void	pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
114 static int	prefixlen(const char *);
115 static void	print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, int, int);
116 static void	print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
117 static const char	*routename(struct sockaddr *);
118 static int	rtmsg(int, int, int);
119 static void	set_metric(char *, int);
120 static int	set_sofib(int);
121 static void	sockaddr(char *, struct sockaddr *, size_t);
122 static void	sodump(struct sockaddr *, const char *);
123 
124 struct fibl {
125 	TAILQ_ENTRY(fibl)	fl_next;
126 
127 	int	fl_num;
128 	int	fl_error;
129 	int	fl_errno;
130 };
131 static TAILQ_HEAD(fibl_head_t, fibl) fibl_head;
132 
133 static int	fiboptlist_csv(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);
134 static int	fiboptlist_range(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);
135 
136 static void usage(const char *) __dead2;
137 
138 static void
139 usage(const char *cp)
140 {
141 	if (cp != NULL)
142 		warnx("bad keyword: %s", cp);
143 	errx(EX_USAGE, "usage: route [-dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]");
144 	/* NOTREACHED */
145 }
146 
147 int
148 main(int argc, char **argv)
149 {
150 	int ch;
151 	size_t len;
152 
153 	if (argc < 2)
154 		usage(NULL);
155 
156 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "nqdtv")) != -1)
157 		switch(ch) {
158 		case 'n':
159 			nflag = 1;
160 			break;
161 		case 'q':
162 			qflag = 1;
163 			break;
164 		case 'v':
165 			verbose = 1;
166 			break;
167 		case 't':
168 			tflag = 1;
169 			break;
170 		case 'd':
171 			debugonly = 1;
172 			break;
173 		case '?':
174 		default:
175 			usage(NULL);
176 		}
177 	argc -= optind;
178 	argv += optind;
179 
180 	pid = getpid();
181 	uid = geteuid();
182 	if (tflag)
183 		s = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY, 0);
184 	else
185 		s = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, 0);
186 	if (s < 0)
187 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
188 
189 	len = sizeof(numfibs);
190 	if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", (void *)&numfibs, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
191 		numfibs = -1;
192 
193 	len = sizeof(defaultfib);
194 	if (numfibs != -1 &&
195 	    sysctlbyname("net.my_fibnum", (void *)&defaultfib, &len, NULL,
196 		0) == -1)
197 		defaultfib = -1;
198 
199 	if (*argv != NULL)
200 		switch (keyword(*argv)) {
201 		case K_GET:
202 		case K_SHOW:
203 			uid = 0;
204 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
205 
206 		case K_CHANGE:
207 		case K_ADD:
208 		case K_DEL:
209 		case K_DELETE:
210 			newroute(argc, argv);
211 			/* NOTREACHED */
212 
213 		case K_MONITOR:
214 			monitor(argc, argv);
215 			/* NOTREACHED */
216 
217 		case K_FLUSH:
218 			flushroutes(argc, argv);
219 			exit(0);
220 			/* NOTREACHED */
221 		}
222 	usage(*argv);
223 	/* NOTREACHED */
224 }
225 
226 static int
227 set_sofib(int fib)
228 {
229 
230 	if (fib < 0)
231 		return (0);
232 	return (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SETFIB, (void *)&fib,
233 	    sizeof(fib)));
234 }
235 
236 static int
237 fiboptlist_range(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
238 {
239 	struct fibl *fl;
240 	char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
241 	int fib[2], i, error;
242 
243 	str0 = str = strdup(arg);
244 	error = 0;
245 	i = 0;
246 	while ((token = strsep(&str, "-")) != NULL) {
247 		switch (i) {
248 		case 0:
249 		case 1:
250 			errno = 0;
251 			fib[i] = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
252 			if (errno == 0) {
253 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
254 				    fib[i] < 0 ||
255 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib[i] > numfibs - 1))
256 					errno = EINVAL;
257 			}
258 			if (errno)
259 				error = 1;
260 			break;
261 		default:
262 			error = 1;
263 		}
264 		if (error)
265 			goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
266 		i++;
267 	}
268 	if (fib[0] >= fib[1]) {
269 		error = 1;
270 		goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
271 	}
272 	for (i = fib[0]; i <= fib[1]; i++) {
273 		fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
274 		if (fl == NULL) {
275 			error = 1;
276 			goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
277 		}
278 		fl->fl_num = i;
279 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
280 	}
281 fiboptlist_range_ret:
282 	free(str0);
283 	return (error);
284 }
285 
286 #define	ALLSTRLEN	64
287 static int
288 fiboptlist_csv(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
289 {
290 	struct fibl *fl;
291 	char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
292 	int fib, error;
293 
294 	str0 = str = NULL;
295 	if (strcmp("all", arg) == 0) {
296 		str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
297 		if (str == NULL) {
298 			error = 1;
299 			goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
300 		}
301 		if (numfibs > 1)
302 			snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d-%d", 0, numfibs - 1);
303 		else
304 			snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", 0);
305 	} else if (strcmp("default", arg) == 0) {
306 		str0 = str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
307 		if (str == NULL) {
308 			error = 1;
309 			goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
310 		}
311 		snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", defaultfib);
312 	} else
313 		str0 = str = strdup(arg);
314 
315 	error = 0;
316 	while ((token = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
317 		if (*token != '-' && strchr(token, '-') != NULL) {
318 			error = fiboptlist_range(token, flh);
319 			if (error)
320 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
321 		} else {
322 			errno = 0;
323 			fib = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
324 			if (errno == 0) {
325 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
326 				    fib < 0 ||
327 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
328 					errno = EINVAL;
329 			}
330 			if (errno) {
331 				error = 1;
332 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
333 			}
334 			fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
335 			if (fl == NULL) {
336 				error = 1;
337 				goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
338 			}
339 			fl->fl_num = fib;
340 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
341 		}
342 	}
343 fiboptlist_csv_ret:
344 	if (str0 != NULL)
345 		free(str0);
346 	return (error);
347 }
348 
349 /*
350  * Purge all entries in the routing tables not
351  * associated with network interfaces.
352  */
353 static void
354 flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[])
355 {
356 	struct fibl *fl;
357 	int error;
358 
359 	if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
360 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
361 	shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
362 
363 	TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);
364 	while (argc > 1) {
365 		argc--;
366 		argv++;
367 		if (**argv != '-')
368 			usage(*argv);
369 		switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
370 #ifdef INET
371 		case K_INET:
372 			af = AF_INET;
373 			break;
374 #endif
375 #ifdef INET6
376 		case K_INET6:
377 			af = AF_INET6;
378 			break;
379 #endif
380 		case K_ATALK:
381 			af = AF_APPLETALK;
382 			break;
383 		case K_LINK:
384 			af = AF_LINK;
385 			break;
386 		case K_FIB:
387 			if (!--argc)
388 				usage(*argv);
389 			error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
390 			if (error)
391 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
392 			break;
393 		default:
394 			usage(*argv);
395 		}
396 	}
397 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
398 		error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
399 		if (error)
400 			errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
401 	}
402 	TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next)
403 		flushroutes_fib(fl->fl_num);
404 }
405 
406 static int
407 flushroutes_fib(int fib)
408 {
409 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
410 	size_t needed;
411 	char *buf, *next, *lim;
412 	int mib[7], rlen, seqno, count = 0;
413 	int error;
414 
415 	error = set_sofib(fib);
416 	if (error) {
417 		warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
418 		return (error);
419 	}
420 
421 retry:
422 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
423 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
424 	mib[2] = 0;		/* protocol */
425 	mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
426 	mib[4] = NET_RT_DUMP;
427 	mib[5] = 0;		/* no flags */
428 	mib[6] = fib;
429 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
430 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
431 	if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
432 		errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
433 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
434 		if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
435 			warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
436 			sleep(1);
437 			free(buf);
438 			goto retry;
439 		}
440 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-get");
441 	}
442 	lim = buf + needed;
443 	if (verbose)
444 		(void)printf("Examining routing table from sysctl\n");
445 	seqno = 0;		/* ??? */
446 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
447 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
448 		if (verbose)
449 			print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
450 		if ((rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) == 0)
451 			continue;
452 		if (af != 0) {
453 			struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);
454 
455 			if (sa->sa_family != af)
456 				continue;
457 		}
458 		if (debugonly)
459 			continue;
460 		rtm->rtm_type = RTM_DELETE;
461 		rtm->rtm_seq = seqno;
462 		rlen = write(s, next, rtm->rtm_msglen);
463 		if (rlen < 0 && errno == EPERM)
464 			err(1, "write to routing socket");
465 		if (rlen < (int)rtm->rtm_msglen) {
466 			warn("write to routing socket");
467 			(void)printf("got only %d for rlen\n", rlen);
468 			free(buf);
469 			goto retry;
470 			break;
471 		}
472 		seqno++;
473 		if (qflag)
474 			continue;
475 		if (verbose)
476 			print_rtmsg(rtm, rlen);
477 		else {
478 			struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);
479 
480 			printf("%-20.20s ", rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_HOST ?
481 			    routename(sa) : netname(sa));
482 			sa = (struct sockaddr *)(SA_SIZE(sa) + (char *)sa);
483 			printf("%-20.20s ", routename(sa));
484 			if (fib >= 0)
485 				printf("-fib %-3d ", fib);
486 			printf("done\n");
487 		}
488 	}
489 	return (error);
490 }
491 
492 static const char *
493 routename(struct sockaddr *sa)
494 {
495 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
496 	const char *cp;
497 	static char line[NI_MAXHOST];
498 	static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
499 	static int first = 1, n;
500 
501 	if (first) {
502 		first = 0;
503 		if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
504 		    (cp = strchr(domain, '.'))) {
505 			domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN] = '\0';
506 			(void)strcpy(domain, cp + 1);
507 		} else
508 			domain[0] = '\0';
509 	}
510 
511 	/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
512 	if (sa->sa_len == 0 && nflag == 0)
513 		return ("default");
514 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
515 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
516 #ifdef INET
517 	case AF_INET:
518 		/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
519 		if (nflag == 0 &&
520 		    ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr.s_addr ==
521 		    INADDR_ANY)
522 			return("default");
523 		break;
524 #endif
525 #ifdef INET6
526 	case AF_INET6:
527 		/* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
528 		if (nflag == 0 &&
529 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr))
530 			return("default");
531 		break;
532 #endif
533 	}
534 #endif
535 
536 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
537 #if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
538 #ifdef INET
539 	case AF_INET:
540 #endif
541 #ifdef INET6
542 	case AF_INET6:
543 #endif
544 	{
545 		struct sockaddr_storage ss;
546 		int error;
547 		char *p;
548 
549 		memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
550 		if (sa->sa_len == 0)
551 			ss.ss_family = sa->sa_family;
552 		else
553 			memcpy(&ss, sa, sa->sa_len);
554 		/* Expand sa->sa_len because it could be shortened. */
555 		if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
556 			ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
557 		else if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6)
558 			ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
559 		error = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&ss, ss.ss_len,
560 		    line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
561 		    (nflag == 0) ? 0 : NI_NUMERICHOST);
562 		if (error) {
563 			warnx("getnameinfo(): %s", gai_strerror(error));
564 			strncpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
565 		}
566 
567 		/* Remove the domain part if any. */
568 		p = strchr(line, '.');
569 		if (p != NULL && strcmp(p + 1, domain) == 0)
570 			*p = '\0';
571 
572 		return (line);
573 		break;
574 	}
575 #endif
576 	case AF_APPLETALK:
577 		(void)snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "atalk %s",
578 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
579 		break;
580 
581 	case AF_LINK:
582 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
583 
584 		if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
585 		    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
586 		    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
587 			n = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "link#%d",
588 			    sdl->sdl_index);
589 			if (n > (int)sizeof(line))
590 			    line[0] = '\0';
591 			return (line);
592 		} else
593 			return (link_ntoa(sdl));
594 		break;
595 
596 	default:
597 	    {
598 		u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa;
599 		u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1) >> 1);
600 		char *cps = line + sprintf(line, "(%d)", sa->sa_family);
601 		char *cpe = line + sizeof(line);
602 
603 		while (++sp < splim && cps < cpe) /* start with sa->sa_data */
604 			if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp)) > 0)
605 				cps += n;
606 			else
607 				*cps = '\0';
608 		break;
609 	    }
610 	}
611 	return (line);
612 }
613 
614 /*
615  * Return the name of the network whose address is given.
616  * The address is assumed to be that of a net, not a host.
617  */
618 static const char *
619 netname(struct sockaddr *sa)
620 {
621 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
622 	static char line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
623 	int n;
624 #ifdef INET
625 	struct netent *np = NULL;
626 	const char *cp = NULL;
627 	u_long i;
628 #endif
629 
630 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
631 #ifdef INET
632 	case AF_INET:
633 	{
634 		struct in_addr in;
635 
636 		in = ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr;
637 		i = in.s_addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
638 		if (in.s_addr == 0)
639 			cp = "default";
640 		else if (!nflag) {
641 			np = getnetbyaddr(i, AF_INET);
642 			if (np != NULL)
643 				cp = np->n_name;
644 		}
645 #define C(x)	(unsigned)((x) & 0xff)
646 		if (cp != NULL)
647 			strncpy(line, cp, sizeof(line));
648 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffffff) == 0)
649 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24));
650 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffff) == 0)
651 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
652 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16));
653 		else if ((in.s_addr & 0xff) == 0)
654 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
655 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8));
656 		else
657 			(void)sprintf(line, "%u.%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
658 			    C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8),
659 			    C(in.s_addr));
660 #undef C
661 		break;
662 	}
663 #endif
664 #ifdef INET6
665 	case AF_INET6:
666 	{
667 		struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
668 		int niflags = 0;
669 
670 		memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
671 		memcpy(&sin6, sa, sa->sa_len);
672 		sin6.sin6_len = sizeof(sin6);
673 		sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
674 		if (nflag)
675 			niflags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
676 		if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&sin6, sin6.sin6_len,
677 		    line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0, niflags) != 0)
678 			strncpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
679 
680 		return(line);
681 	}
682 #endif
683 
684 	case AF_APPLETALK:
685 		(void)snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "atalk %s",
686 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
687 		break;
688 
689 	case AF_LINK:
690 		sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
691 
692 		if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
693 		    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
694 		    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
695 			n = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "link#%d",
696 			    sdl->sdl_index);
697 			if (n > (int)sizeof(line))
698 			    line[0] = '\0';
699 			return (line);
700 		} else
701 			return (link_ntoa(sdl));
702 		break;
703 
704 	default:
705 	    {
706 		u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa->sa_data;
707 		u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1)>>1);
708 		char *cps = line + sprintf(line, "af %d:", sa->sa_family);
709 		char *cpe = line + sizeof(line);
710 
711 		while (sp < splim && cps < cpe)
712 			if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp++)) > 0)
713 				cps += n;
714 			else
715 				*cps = '\0';
716 		break;
717 	    }
718 	}
719 	return (line);
720 }
721 
722 static void
723 set_metric(char *value, int key)
724 {
725 	int flag = 0;
726 	u_long noval, *valp = &noval;
727 
728 	switch (key) {
729 #define caseof(x, y, z)	case x: valp = &rt_metrics.z; flag = y; break
730 	caseof(K_MTU, RTV_MTU, rmx_mtu);
731 	caseof(K_HOPCOUNT, RTV_HOPCOUNT, rmx_hopcount);
732 	caseof(K_EXPIRE, RTV_EXPIRE, rmx_expire);
733 	caseof(K_RECVPIPE, RTV_RPIPE, rmx_recvpipe);
734 	caseof(K_SENDPIPE, RTV_SPIPE, rmx_sendpipe);
735 	caseof(K_SSTHRESH, RTV_SSTHRESH, rmx_ssthresh);
736 	caseof(K_RTT, RTV_RTT, rmx_rtt);
737 	caseof(K_RTTVAR, RTV_RTTVAR, rmx_rttvar);
738 	caseof(K_WEIGHT, RTV_WEIGHT, rmx_weight);
739 	}
740 	rtm_inits |= flag;
741 	if (lockrest || locking)
742 		rt_metrics.rmx_locks |= flag;
743 	if (locking)
744 		locking = 0;
745 	*valp = atoi(value);
746 }
747 
748 #define	F_ISHOST	0x01
749 #define	F_FORCENET	0x02
750 #define	F_FORCEHOST	0x04
751 #define	F_PROXY		0x08
752 #define	F_INTERFACE	0x10
753 
754 static void
755 newroute(int argc, char **argv)
756 {
757 	struct hostent *hp;
758 	struct fibl *fl;
759 	char *cmd;
760 	const char *dest, *gateway, *errmsg;
761 	int key, error, flags, nrflags, fibnum;
762 
763 	if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
764 		errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
765 	dest = NULL;
766 	gateway = NULL;
767 	flags = RTF_STATIC;
768 	nrflags = 0;
769 	hp = NULL;
770 	TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);
771 
772 	cmd = argv[0];
773 	if (*cmd != 'g' && *cmd != 's')
774 		shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
775 	while (--argc > 0) {
776 		if (**(++argv)== '-') {
777 			switch (key = keyword(1 + *argv)) {
778 			case K_LINK:
779 				af = AF_LINK;
780 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
781 				break;
782 #ifdef INET
783 			case K_INET:
784 				af = AF_INET;
785 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
786 				break;
787 #endif
788 #ifdef INET6
789 			case K_INET6:
790 				af = AF_INET6;
791 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
792 				break;
793 #endif
794 			case K_ATALK:
795 				af = AF_APPLETALK;
796 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_at);
797 				break;
798 			case K_SA:
799 				af = PF_ROUTE;
800 				aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage);
801 				break;
802 			case K_IFACE:
803 			case K_INTERFACE:
804 				nrflags |= F_INTERFACE;
805 				break;
806 			case K_NOSTATIC:
807 				flags &= ~RTF_STATIC;
808 				break;
809 			case K_LOCK:
810 				locking = 1;
811 				break;
812 			case K_LOCKREST:
813 				lockrest = 1;
814 				break;
815 			case K_HOST:
816 				nrflags |= F_FORCEHOST;
817 				break;
818 			case K_REJECT:
819 				flags |= RTF_REJECT;
820 				break;
821 			case K_BLACKHOLE:
822 				flags |= RTF_BLACKHOLE;
823 				break;
824 			case K_PROTO1:
825 				flags |= RTF_PROTO1;
826 				break;
827 			case K_PROTO2:
828 				flags |= RTF_PROTO2;
829 				break;
830 			case K_PROXY:
831 				nrflags |= F_PROXY;
832 				break;
833 			case K_XRESOLVE:
834 				flags |= RTF_XRESOLVE;
835 				break;
836 			case K_STATIC:
837 				flags |= RTF_STATIC;
838 				break;
839 			case K_STICKY:
840 				flags |= RTF_STICKY;
841 				break;
842 			case K_NOSTICK:
843 				flags &= ~RTF_STICKY;
844 				break;
845 			case K_FIB:
846 				if (!--argc)
847 					usage(NULL);
848 				error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
849 				if (error)
850 					errx(EX_USAGE,
851 					    "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
852 				break;
853 			case K_IFA:
854 				if (!--argc)
855 					usage(NULL);
856 				getaddr(RTAX_IFA, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
857 				break;
858 			case K_IFP:
859 				if (!--argc)
860 					usage(NULL);
861 				getaddr(RTAX_IFP, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
862 				break;
863 			case K_GENMASK:
864 				if (!--argc)
865 					usage(NULL);
866 				getaddr(RTAX_GENMASK, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
867 				break;
868 			case K_GATEWAY:
869 				if (!--argc)
870 					usage(NULL);
871 				getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
872 				gateway = *argv;
873 				break;
874 			case K_DST:
875 				if (!--argc)
876 					usage(NULL);
877 				if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *++argv, &hp, nrflags))
878 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
879 				dest = *argv;
880 				break;
881 			case K_NETMASK:
882 				if (!--argc)
883 					usage(NULL);
884 				getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *++argv, 0, nrflags);
885 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
886 			case K_NET:
887 				nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
888 				break;
889 			case K_PREFIXLEN:
890 				if (!--argc)
891 					usage(NULL);
892 				if (prefixlen(*++argv) == -1) {
893 					nrflags &= ~F_FORCENET;
894 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
895 				} else {
896 					nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
897 					nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
898 				}
899 				break;
900 			case K_MTU:
901 			case K_HOPCOUNT:
902 			case K_EXPIRE:
903 			case K_RECVPIPE:
904 			case K_SENDPIPE:
905 			case K_SSTHRESH:
906 			case K_RTT:
907 			case K_RTTVAR:
908 			case K_WEIGHT:
909 				if (!--argc)
910 					usage(NULL);
911 				set_metric(*++argv, key);
912 				break;
913 			default:
914 				usage(1+*argv);
915 			}
916 		} else {
917 			if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_DST) == 0) {
918 				dest = *argv;
919 				if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *argv, &hp, nrflags))
920 					nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
921 			} else if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_GATEWAY) == 0) {
922 				gateway = *argv;
923 				getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *argv, &hp, nrflags);
924 			} else {
925 				getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *argv, 0, nrflags);
926 				nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
927 			}
928 		}
929 	}
930 
931 	if (nrflags & F_FORCEHOST) {
932 		nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
933 #ifdef INET6
934 		if (af == AF_INET6) {
935 			rtm_addrs &= ~RTA_NETMASK;
936 			memset(&so[RTAX_NETMASK], 0, sizeof(so[RTAX_NETMASK]));
937 		}
938 #endif
939 	}
940 	if (nrflags & F_FORCENET)
941 		nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
942 	flags |= RTF_UP;
943 	if (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
944 		flags |= RTF_HOST;
945 	if ((nrflags & F_INTERFACE) == 0)
946 		flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
947 	if (nrflags & F_PROXY)
948 		flags |= RTF_ANNOUNCE;
949 	if (dest == NULL)
950 		dest = "";
951 	if (gateway == NULL)
952 		gateway = "";
953 
954 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
955 		error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
956 		if (error)
957 			errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
958 	}
959 	error = 0;
960 	TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
961 		fl->fl_error = newroute_fib(fl->fl_num, cmd, flags);
962 		if (fl->fl_error)
963 			fl->fl_errno = errno;
964 		error += fl->fl_error;
965 	}
966 	if (*cmd == 'g' || *cmd == 's')
967 		exit(error);
968 
969 	error = 0;
970 	if (!qflag) {
971 		fibnum = 0;
972 		TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
973 			if (fl->fl_error == 0)
974 				fibnum++;
975 		}
976 		if (fibnum > 0) {
977 			int firstfib = 1;
978 
979 			printf("%s %s %s", cmd,
980 			    (nrflags & F_ISHOST) ? "host" : "net", dest);
981 			if (*gateway)
982 				printf(": gateway %s", gateway);
983 
984 			if (numfibs > 1) {
985 				TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
986 					if (fl->fl_error == 0
987 					    && fl->fl_num >= 0) {
988 						if (firstfib) {
989 							printf(" fib ");
990 							firstfib = 0;
991 						}
992 						printf("%d", fl->fl_num);
993 						if (fibnum-- > 1)
994 							printf(",");
995 					}
996 				}
997 			}
998 			printf("\n");
999 		}
1000 
1001 		fibnum = 0;
1002 		TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
1003 			if (fl->fl_error != 0) {
1004 				printf("%s %s %s", cmd, (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
1005 				    ? "host" : "net", dest);
1006 				if (*gateway)
1007 					printf(": gateway %s", gateway);
1008 
1009 				if (fl->fl_num >= 0)
1010 					printf(" fib %d", fl->fl_num);
1011 
1012 				switch (fl->fl_errno) {
1013 				case ESRCH:
1014 					errmsg = "not in table";
1015 					break;
1016 				case EBUSY:
1017 					errmsg = "entry in use";
1018 					break;
1019 				case ENOBUFS:
1020 					errmsg = "not enough memory";
1021 					break;
1022 				case EADDRINUSE:
1023 					/*
1024 					 * handle recursion avoidance
1025 					 * in rt_setgate()
1026 					 */
1027 					errmsg = "gateway uses the same route";
1028 					break;
1029 				case EEXIST:
1030 					errmsg = "route already in table";
1031 					break;
1032 				default:
1033 					errmsg = strerror(fl->fl_errno);
1034 					break;
1035 				}
1036 				printf(": %s\n", errmsg);
1037 				error = 1;
1038 			}
1039 		}
1040 	}
1041 	exit(error);
1042 }
1043 
1044 static int
1045 newroute_fib(int fib, char *cmd, int flags)
1046 {
1047 	int error;
1048 
1049 	error = set_sofib(fib);
1050 	if (error) {
1051 		warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
1052 		return (error);
1053 	}
1054 
1055 	error = rtmsg(*cmd, flags, fib);
1056 	return (error);
1057 }
1058 
1059 #ifdef INET
1060 static void
1061 inet_makenetandmask(u_long net, struct sockaddr_in *sin,
1062     struct sockaddr_in *sin_mask, u_long bits)
1063 {
1064 	u_long mask = 0;
1065 
1066 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1067 
1068 	/*
1069 	 * MSB of net should be meaningful. 0/0 is exception.
1070 	 */
1071 	if (net > 0)
1072 		while ((net & 0xff000000) == 0)
1073 			net <<= 8;
1074 
1075 	/*
1076 	 * If no /xx was specified we must calculate the
1077 	 * CIDR address.
1078 	 */
1079 	if ((bits == 0) && (net != 0)) {
1080 		u_long i, j;
1081 
1082 		for(i = 0, j = 0xff; i < 4; i++)  {
1083 			if (net & j) {
1084 				break;
1085 			}
1086 			j <<= 8;
1087 		}
1088 		/* i holds the first non zero bit */
1089 		bits = 32 - (i*8);
1090 	}
1091 	if (bits != 0)
1092 		mask = 0xffffffff << (32 - bits);
1093 
1094 	sin->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(net);
1095 	sin_mask->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mask);
1096 	sin_mask->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1097 	sin_mask->sin_family = AF_INET;
1098 }
1099 #endif
1100 
1101 #ifdef INET6
1102 /*
1103  * XXX the function may need more improvement...
1104  */
1105 static int
1106 inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6, const char *plen)
1107 {
1108 	struct in6_addr in6;
1109 
1110 	if (plen == NULL) {
1111 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&sin6->sin6_addr) &&
1112 		    sin6->sin6_scope_id == 0) {
1113 			plen = "0";
1114 		} else if ((sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[0] & 0xe0) == 0x20) {
1115 			/* aggregatable global unicast - RFC2374 */
1116 			memset(&in6, 0, sizeof(in6));
1117 			if (!memcmp(&sin6->sin6_addr.s6_addr[8],
1118 				    &in6.s6_addr[8], 8))
1119 				plen = "64";
1120 		}
1121 	}
1122 
1123 	if (plen == NULL || strcmp(plen, "128") == 0)
1124 		return (1);
1125 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1126 	prefixlen(plen);
1127 	return (0);
1128 }
1129 #endif
1130 
1131 /*
1132  * Interpret an argument as a network address of some kind,
1133  * returning 1 if a host address, 0 if a network address.
1134  */
1135 static int
1136 getaddr(int idx, char *str, struct hostent **hpp, int nrflags)
1137 {
1138 	struct sockaddr *sa;
1139 #if defined(INET)
1140 	struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1141 	struct hostent *hp;
1142 	struct netent *np;
1143 	u_long val;
1144 	char *q;
1145 #elif defined(INET6)
1146 	char *q;
1147 #endif
1148 
1149 	if (af == 0) {
1150 #if defined(INET)
1151 		af = AF_INET;
1152 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1153 #elif defined(INET6)
1154 		af = AF_INET6;
1155 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
1156 #else
1157 		af = AF_LINK;
1158 		aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
1159 #endif
1160 	}
1161 #ifndef INET
1162 	hpp = NULL;
1163 #endif
1164 	rtm_addrs |= (1 << idx);
1165 
1166 	if (idx > RTAX_MAX)
1167 		usage("internal error");
1168 	sa = (struct sockaddr *)&so[idx];
1169 	sa->sa_family = af;
1170 	sa->sa_len = aflen;
1171 
1172 	switch (idx) {
1173 	case RTAX_GATEWAY:
1174 		if (nrflags & F_INTERFACE) {
1175 			struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa;
1176 			struct sockaddr_dl *sdl0 = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
1177 			struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = NULL;
1178 
1179 			if (getifaddrs(&ifap))
1180 				err(EX_OSERR, "getifaddrs");
1181 
1182 			for (ifa = ifap; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
1183 				if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_LINK)
1184 					continue;
1185 
1186 				if (strcmp(str, ifa->ifa_name) != 0)
1187 					continue;
1188 
1189 				sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)ifa->ifa_addr;
1190 			}
1191 			/* If we found it, then use it */
1192 			if (sdl != NULL) {
1193 				/*
1194 				 * Note that we need to copy before calling
1195 				 * freeifaddrs().
1196 				 */
1197 				memcpy(sdl0, sdl, sdl->sdl_len);
1198 			}
1199 			freeifaddrs(ifap);
1200 			if (sdl != NULL)
1201 				return(1);
1202 		}
1203 		break;
1204 	case RTAX_IFP:
1205 		sa->sa_family = AF_LINK;
1206 		break;
1207 	}
1208 	if (strcmp(str, "default") == 0) {
1209 		/*
1210 		 * Default is net 0.0.0.0/0
1211 		 */
1212 		switch (idx) {
1213 		case RTAX_DST:
1214 			forcenet++;
1215 			getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, str, 0, nrflags);
1216 			break;
1217 		}
1218 		return (0);
1219 	}
1220 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
1221 #ifdef INET6
1222 	case AF_INET6:
1223 	{
1224 		struct addrinfo hints, *res;
1225 		int ecode;
1226 
1227 		q = NULL;
1228 		if (idx == RTAX_DST && (q = strchr(str, '/')) != NULL)
1229 			*q = '\0';
1230 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
1231 		hints.ai_family = sa->sa_family;
1232 		hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;
1233 		ecode = getaddrinfo(str, NULL, &hints, &res);
1234 		if (ecode != 0 || res->ai_family != AF_INET6 ||
1235 		    res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
1236 			errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: %s", str, gai_strerror(ecode));
1237 		memcpy(sa, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
1238 		freeaddrinfo(res);
1239 		if (q != NULL)
1240 			*q++ = '/';
1241 		if (idx == RTAX_DST)
1242 			return (inet6_makenetandmask((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa, q));
1243 		return (0);
1244 	}
1245 #endif /* INET6 */
1246 
1247 	case AF_APPLETALK:
1248 	{
1249 		struct sockaddr_at *sat = (struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa;
1250 
1251 		if (!atalk_aton(str, &sat->sat_addr))
1252 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);
1253 		rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1254 		return(forcehost || sat->sat_addr.s_node != 0);
1255 	}
1256 	case AF_LINK:
1257 		link_addr(str, (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa);
1258 		return (1);
1259 
1260 	case PF_ROUTE:
1261 		sockaddr(str, sa, sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
1262 		return (1);
1263 #ifdef INET
1264 	case AF_INET:
1265 #endif
1266 	default:
1267 		break;
1268 	}
1269 
1270 #ifdef INET
1271 	sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa;
1272 	if (hpp == NULL)
1273 		hpp = &hp;
1274 	*hpp = NULL;
1275 
1276 	q = strchr(str,'/');
1277 	if (q != NULL && idx == RTAX_DST) {
1278 		*q = '\0';
1279 		if ((val = inet_network(str)) != INADDR_NONE) {
1280 			inet_makenetandmask(val, sin,
1281 			    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK],
1282 			    strtoul(q+1, 0, 0));
1283 			return (0);
1284 		}
1285 		*q = '/';
1286 	}
1287 	if ((idx != RTAX_DST || forcenet == 0) &&
1288 	    inet_aton(str, &sin->sin_addr)) {
1289 		val = sin->sin_addr.s_addr;
1290 		if (idx != RTAX_DST || forcehost ||
1291 		    inet_lnaof(sin->sin_addr) != INADDR_ANY)
1292 			return (1);
1293 		else {
1294 			val = ntohl(val);
1295 			goto netdone;
1296 		}
1297 	}
1298 	if (idx == RTAX_DST && forcehost == 0 &&
1299 	    ((val = inet_network(str)) != INADDR_NONE ||
1300 	    ((np = getnetbyname(str)) != NULL && (val = np->n_net) != 0))) {
1301 netdone:
1302 		inet_makenetandmask(val, sin,
1303 		    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK], 0);
1304 		return (0);
1305 	}
1306 	hp = gethostbyname(str);
1307 	if (hp != NULL) {
1308 		*hpp = hp;
1309 		sin->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
1310 		memmove((char *)&sin->sin_addr, hp->h_addr,
1311 		    MIN((size_t)hp->h_length, sizeof(sin->sin_addr)));
1312 		return (1);
1313 	}
1314 #endif
1315 	errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);
1316 }
1317 
1318 static int
1319 prefixlen(const char *str)
1320 {
1321 	int len = atoi(str), q, r;
1322 	int max;
1323 	char *p;
1324 
1325 	rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
1326 	switch (af) {
1327 #ifdef INET6
1328 	case AF_INET6:
1329 	{
1330 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 =
1331 		    (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];
1332 
1333 		max = 128;
1334 		p = (char *)&sin6->sin6_addr;
1335 		sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1336 		sin6->sin6_len = sizeof(*sin6);
1337 		break;
1338 	}
1339 #endif
1340 #ifdef INET
1341 	case AF_INET:
1342 	{
1343 		struct sockaddr_in *sin =
1344 		    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];
1345 
1346 		max = 32;
1347 		p = (char *)&sin->sin_addr;
1348 		sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1349 		sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin);
1350 		break;
1351 	}
1352 #endif
1353 	default:
1354 		errx(EX_OSERR, "prefixlen not supported in this af");
1355 	}
1356 
1357 	if (len < 0 || max < len)
1358 		errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: invalid prefixlen", str);
1359 
1360 	q = len >> 3;
1361 	r = len & 7;
1362 	memset((void *)p, 0, max / 8);
1363 	if (q > 0)
1364 		memset((void *)p, 0xff, q);
1365 	if (r > 0)
1366 		*((u_char *)p + q) = (0xff00 >> r) & 0xff;
1367 	if (len == max)
1368 		return (-1);
1369 	else
1370 		return (len);
1371 }
1372 
1373 static void
1374 interfaces(void)
1375 {
1376 	size_t needed;
1377 	int mib[6];
1378 	char *buf, *lim, *next, count = 0;
1379 	struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
1380 
1381 retry2:
1382 	mib[0] = CTL_NET;
1383 	mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
1384 	mib[2] = 0;		/* protocol */
1385 	mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
1386 	mib[4] = NET_RT_IFLIST;
1387 	mib[5] = 0;		/* no flags */
1388 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
1389 		err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
1390 	if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
1391 		errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
1392 	if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
1393 		if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
1394 			warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
1395 			sleep(1);
1396 			free(buf);
1397 			goto retry2;
1398 		}
1399 		err(EX_OSERR, "actual retrieval of interface table");
1400 	}
1401 	lim = buf + needed;
1402 	for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
1403 		rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
1404 		print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
1405 	}
1406 }
1407 
1408 static void
1409 monitor(int argc, char *argv[])
1410 {
1411 	int n, fib, error;
1412 	char msg[2048], *endptr;
1413 
1414 	fib = defaultfib;
1415 	while (argc > 1) {
1416 		argc--;
1417 		argv++;
1418 		if (**argv != '-')
1419 			usage(*argv);
1420 		switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
1421 		case K_FIB:
1422 			if (!--argc)
1423 				usage(*argv);
1424 			errno = 0;
1425 			fib = strtol(*++argv, &endptr, 0);
1426 			if (errno == 0) {
1427 				if (*endptr != '\0' ||
1428 				    fib < 0 ||
1429 				    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
1430 					errno = EINVAL;
1431 			}
1432 			if (errno)
1433 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
1434 			break;
1435 		default:
1436 			usage(*argv);
1437 		}
1438 	}
1439 	error = set_sofib(fib);
1440 	if (error)
1441 		errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %d", fib);
1442 
1443 	verbose = 1;
1444 	if (debugonly) {
1445 		interfaces();
1446 		exit(0);
1447 	}
1448 	for (;;) {
1449 		time_t now;
1450 		n = read(s, msg, 2048);
1451 		now = time(NULL);
1452 		(void)printf("\ngot message of size %d on %s", n, ctime(&now));
1453 		print_rtmsg((struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)msg, n);
1454 	}
1455 }
1456 
1457 static struct {
1458 	struct	rt_msghdr m_rtm;
1459 	char	m_space[512];
1460 } m_rtmsg;
1461 
1462 static int
1463 rtmsg(int cmd, int flags, int fib)
1464 {
1465 	static int seq;
1466 	int rlen;
1467 	char *cp = m_rtmsg.m_space;
1468 	int l;
1469 
1470 #define NEXTADDR(w, u)							\
1471 	if (rtm_addrs & (w)) {						\
1472 		l = (((struct sockaddr *)&(u))->sa_len == 0) ?		\
1473 		    sizeof(long) :					\
1474 		    1 + ((((struct sockaddr *)&(u))->sa_len - 1)	\
1475 			| (sizeof(long) - 1));				\
1476 		memmove(cp, (char *)&(u), l);				\
1477 		cp += l;						\
1478 		if (verbose)						\
1479 			sodump((struct sockaddr *)&(u), #w);		\
1480 	}
1481 
1482 	errno = 0;
1483 	memset(&m_rtmsg, 0, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
1484 	if (cmd == 'a')
1485 		cmd = RTM_ADD;
1486 	else if (cmd == 'c')
1487 		cmd = RTM_CHANGE;
1488 	else if (cmd == 'g' || cmd == 's') {
1489 		cmd = RTM_GET;
1490 		if (so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family == 0) {
1491 			so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family = AF_LINK;
1492 			so[RTAX_IFP].ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
1493 			rtm_addrs |= RTA_IFP;
1494 		}
1495 	} else
1496 		cmd = RTM_DELETE;
1497 #define rtm m_rtmsg.m_rtm
1498 	rtm.rtm_type = cmd;
1499 	rtm.rtm_flags = flags;
1500 	rtm.rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
1501 	rtm.rtm_seq = ++seq;
1502 	rtm.rtm_addrs = rtm_addrs;
1503 	rtm.rtm_rmx = rt_metrics;
1504 	rtm.rtm_inits = rtm_inits;
1505 
1506 	NEXTADDR(RTA_DST, so[RTAX_DST]);
1507 	NEXTADDR(RTA_GATEWAY, so[RTAX_GATEWAY]);
1508 	NEXTADDR(RTA_NETMASK, so[RTAX_NETMASK]);
1509 	NEXTADDR(RTA_GENMASK, so[RTAX_GENMASK]);
1510 	NEXTADDR(RTA_IFP, so[RTAX_IFP]);
1511 	NEXTADDR(RTA_IFA, so[RTAX_IFA]);
1512 	rtm.rtm_msglen = l = cp - (char *)&m_rtmsg;
1513 	if (verbose)
1514 		print_rtmsg(&rtm, l);
1515 	if (debugonly)
1516 		return (0);
1517 	if ((rlen = write(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, l)) < 0) {
1518 		if (errno == EPERM)
1519 			err(1, "writing to routing socket");
1520 		warn("writing to routing socket");
1521 		return (-1);
1522 	}
1523 	if (cmd == RTM_GET) {
1524 		do {
1525 			l = read(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
1526 		} while (l > 0 && (rtm.rtm_seq != seq || rtm.rtm_pid != pid));
1527 		if (l < 0)
1528 			warn("read from routing socket");
1529 		else
1530 			print_getmsg(&rtm, l, fib);
1531 	}
1532 #undef rtm
1533 	return (0);
1534 }
1535 
1536 static const char *msgtypes[] = {
1537 	"",
1538 	"RTM_ADD: Add Route",
1539 	"RTM_DELETE: Delete Route",
1540 	"RTM_CHANGE: Change Metrics or flags",
1541 	"RTM_GET: Report Metrics",
1542 	"RTM_LOSING: Kernel Suspects Partitioning",
1543 	"RTM_REDIRECT: Told to use different route",
1544 	"RTM_MISS: Lookup failed on this address",
1545 	"RTM_LOCK: fix specified metrics",
1546 	"RTM_OLDADD: caused by SIOCADDRT",
1547 	"RTM_OLDDEL: caused by SIOCDELRT",
1548 	"RTM_RESOLVE: Route created by cloning",
1549 	"RTM_NEWADDR: address being added to iface",
1550 	"RTM_DELADDR: address being removed from iface",
1551 	"RTM_IFINFO: iface status change",
1552 	"RTM_NEWMADDR: new multicast group membership on iface",
1553 	"RTM_DELMADDR: multicast group membership removed from iface",
1554 	"RTM_IFANNOUNCE: interface arrival/departure",
1555 	"RTM_IEEE80211: IEEE 802.11 wireless event",
1556 };
1557 
1558 static const char metricnames[] =
1559     "\011weight\010rttvar\7rtt\6ssthresh\5sendpipe\4recvpipe\3expire"
1560     "\1mtu";
1561 static const char routeflags[] =
1562     "\1UP\2GATEWAY\3HOST\4REJECT\5DYNAMIC\6MODIFIED\7DONE"
1563     "\012XRESOLVE\013LLINFO\014STATIC\015BLACKHOLE"
1564     "\017PROTO2\020PROTO1\021PRCLONING\022WASCLONED\023PROTO3"
1565     "\025PINNED\026LOCAL\027BROADCAST\030MULTICAST\035STICKY";
1566 static const char ifnetflags[] =
1567     "\1UP\2BROADCAST\3DEBUG\4LOOPBACK\5PTP\6b6\7RUNNING\010NOARP"
1568     "\011PPROMISC\012ALLMULTI\013OACTIVE\014SIMPLEX\015LINK0\016LINK1"
1569     "\017LINK2\020MULTICAST";
1570 static const char addrnames[] =
1571     "\1DST\2GATEWAY\3NETMASK\4GENMASK\5IFP\6IFA\7AUTHOR\010BRD";
1572 
1573 static const char errfmt[] =
1574     "\n%s: truncated route message, only %zu bytes left\n";
1575 
1576 static void
1577 print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
1578 {
1579 	struct if_msghdr *ifm;
1580 	struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;
1581 #ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
1582 	struct ifma_msghdr *ifmam;
1583 #endif
1584 	struct if_announcemsghdr *ifan;
1585 	const char *state;
1586 
1587 	if (verbose == 0)
1588 		return;
1589 	if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
1590 		(void)printf("routing message version %d not understood\n",
1591 		    rtm->rtm_version);
1592 		return;
1593 	}
1594 	if (rtm->rtm_type < nitems(msgtypes))
1595 		(void)printf("%s: ", msgtypes[rtm->rtm_type]);
1596 	else
1597 		(void)printf("unknown type %d: ", rtm->rtm_type);
1598 	(void)printf("len %d, ", rtm->rtm_msglen);
1599 
1600 #define	REQUIRE(x)	do {		\
1601 	if (msglen < sizeof(x))		\
1602 		goto badlen;		\
1603 	else				\
1604 		msglen -= sizeof(x);	\
1605 	} while (0)
1606 
1607 	switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
1608 	case RTM_IFINFO:
1609 		REQUIRE(struct if_msghdr);
1610 		ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)rtm;
1611 		(void)printf("if# %d, ", ifm->ifm_index);
1612 		switch (ifm->ifm_data.ifi_link_state) {
1613 		case LINK_STATE_DOWN:
1614 			state = "down";
1615 			break;
1616 		case LINK_STATE_UP:
1617 			state = "up";
1618 			break;
1619 		default:
1620 			state = "unknown";
1621 			break;
1622 		}
1623 		(void)printf("link: %s, flags:", state);
1624 		printb(ifm->ifm_flags, ifnetflags);
1625 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifm + 1), ifm->ifm_addrs, msglen);
1626 		break;
1627 	case RTM_NEWADDR:
1628 	case RTM_DELADDR:
1629 		REQUIRE(struct ifa_msghdr);
1630 		ifam = (struct ifa_msghdr *)rtm;
1631 		(void)printf("metric %d, flags:", ifam->ifam_metric);
1632 		printb(ifam->ifam_flags, routeflags);
1633 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifam + 1), ifam->ifam_addrs, msglen);
1634 		break;
1635 #ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
1636 	case RTM_NEWMADDR:
1637 	case RTM_DELMADDR:
1638 		REQUIRE(struct ifma_msghdr);
1639 		ifmam = (struct ifma_msghdr *)rtm;
1640 		pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifmam + 1), ifmam->ifmam_addrs, msglen);
1641 		break;
1642 #endif
1643 	case RTM_IFANNOUNCE:
1644 		REQUIRE(struct if_announcemsghdr);
1645 		ifan = (struct if_announcemsghdr *)rtm;
1646 		(void)printf("if# %d, what: ", ifan->ifan_index);
1647 		switch (ifan->ifan_what) {
1648 		case IFAN_ARRIVAL:
1649 			(void)printf("arrival");
1650 			break;
1651 		case IFAN_DEPARTURE:
1652 			printf("departure");
1653 			break;
1654 		default:
1655 			printf("#%d", ifan->ifan_what);
1656 			break;
1657 		}
1658 		printf("\n");
1659 		fflush(stdout);
1660 		break;
1661 
1662 	default:
1663 		printf("pid: %ld, seq %d, errno %d, flags:",
1664 			(long)rtm->rtm_pid, rtm->rtm_seq, rtm->rtm_errno);
1665 		printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);
1666 		pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
1667 	}
1668 
1669 	return;
1670 
1671 badlen:
1672 	(void)printf(errfmt, __func__, msglen);
1673 #undef	REQUIRE
1674 }
1675 
1676 static void
1677 print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, int msglen, int fib)
1678 {
1679 	struct sockaddr *sp[RTAX_MAX];
1680 	char *cp;
1681 	int i;
1682 
1683 	memset(sp, 0, sizeof(sp));
1684 	(void)printf("   route to: %s\n",
1685 	    routename((struct sockaddr *)&so[RTAX_DST]));
1686 	if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
1687 		warnx("routing message version %d not understood",
1688 		     rtm->rtm_version);
1689 		return;
1690 	}
1691 	if (rtm->rtm_msglen > msglen) {
1692 		warnx("message length mismatch, in packet %d, returned %d",
1693 		      rtm->rtm_msglen, msglen);
1694 		return;
1695 	}
1696 	if (rtm->rtm_errno)  {
1697 		errno = rtm->rtm_errno;
1698 		warn("message indicates error %d", errno);
1699 		return;
1700 	}
1701 	cp = ((char *)(rtm + 1));
1702 	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++) {
1703 		if (rtm->rtm_addrs & (1 << i))
1704 			sp[i] = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
1705 		cp += SA_SIZE((struct sockaddr *)cp);
1706 	}
1707 	if (rtm->rtm_addrs & RTA_IFP) {
1708 		if (sp[RTAX_IFP]->sa_family != AF_LINK ||
1709 		   ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen == 0)
1710 			sp[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;
1711 	}
1712 	if (sp[RTAX_DST] && sp[RTAX_NETMASK])
1713 		sp[RTAX_NETMASK]->sa_family = sp[RTAX_DST]->sa_family; /* XXX */
1714 	if (sp[RTAX_DST])
1715 		(void)printf("destination: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_DST]));
1716 	if (sp[RTAX_NETMASK])
1717 		(void)printf("       mask: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_NETMASK]));
1718 	if (sp[RTAX_GATEWAY] && (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY))
1719 		(void)printf("    gateway: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_GATEWAY]));
1720 	if (fib >= 0)
1721 		(void)printf("        fib: %u\n", (unsigned int)fib);
1722 	if (sp[RTAX_IFP])
1723 		(void)printf("  interface: %.*s\n",
1724 		    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen,
1725 		    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_data);
1726 	(void)printf("      flags: ");
1727 	printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);
1728 
1729 #define lock(f)	((rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks & __CONCAT(RTV_,f)) ? 'L' : ' ')
1730 #define msec(u)	(((u) + 500) / 1000)		/* usec to msec */
1731 	printf("\n%9s %9s %9s %9s %9s %10s %9s\n", "recvpipe",
1732 	    "sendpipe", "ssthresh", "rtt,msec", "mtu   ", "weight", "expire");
1733 	printf("%8ld%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_recvpipe, lock(RPIPE));
1734 	printf("%8ld%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_sendpipe, lock(SPIPE));
1735 	printf("%8ld%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_ssthresh, lock(SSTHRESH));
1736 	printf("%8ld%c ", msec(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_rtt), lock(RTT));
1737 	printf("%8ld%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_mtu, lock(MTU));
1738 	printf("%8ld%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_weight, lock(WEIGHT));
1739 	if (rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire)
1740 		rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire -= time(0);
1741 	printf("%8ld%c\n", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire, lock(EXPIRE));
1742 #undef lock
1743 #undef msec
1744 #define	RTA_IGN	(RTA_DST|RTA_GATEWAY|RTA_NETMASK|RTA_IFP|RTA_IFA|RTA_BRD)
1745 	if (verbose)
1746 		pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
1747 	else if (rtm->rtm_addrs &~ RTA_IGN) {
1748 		(void)printf("sockaddrs: ");
1749 		printb(rtm->rtm_addrs, addrnames);
1750 		putchar('\n');
1751 	}
1752 #undef	RTA_IGN
1753 }
1754 
1755 static void
1756 pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
1757 {
1758 
1759 	(void)printf("\nlocks: ");
1760 	printb(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks, metricnames);
1761 	(void)printf(" inits: ");
1762 	printb(rtm->rtm_inits, metricnames);
1763 	if (msglen > sizeof(struct rt_msghdr))
1764 		pmsg_addrs(((char *)(rtm + 1)), rtm->rtm_addrs,
1765 		    msglen - sizeof(struct rt_msghdr));
1766 	else
1767 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1768 }
1769 
1770 static void
1771 pmsg_addrs(char *cp, int addrs, size_t len)
1772 {
1773 	struct sockaddr *sa;
1774 	int i;
1775 
1776 	if (addrs == 0) {
1777 		(void)putchar('\n');
1778 		return;
1779 	}
1780 	(void)printf("\nsockaddrs: ");
1781 	printb(addrs, addrnames);
1782 	putchar('\n');
1783 	for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++)
1784 		if (addrs & (1 << i)) {
1785 			sa = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
1786 			if (len == 0 || len < SA_SIZE(sa)) {
1787 				(void)printf(errfmt, __func__, len);
1788 				break;
1789 			}
1790 			(void)printf(" %s", routename(sa));
1791 			len -= SA_SIZE(sa);
1792 			cp += SA_SIZE(sa);
1793 		}
1794 	(void)putchar('\n');
1795 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1796 }
1797 
1798 static void
1799 printb(int b, const char *str)
1800 {
1801 	int i;
1802 	int gotsome = 0;
1803 
1804 	if (b == 0)
1805 		return;
1806 	while ((i = *str++) != 0) {
1807 		if (b & (1 << (i-1))) {
1808 			if (gotsome == 0)
1809 				i = '<';
1810 			else
1811 				i = ',';
1812 			putchar(i);
1813 			gotsome = 1;
1814 			for (; (i = *str) > 32; str++)
1815 				putchar(i);
1816 		} else
1817 			while (*str > 32)
1818 				str++;
1819 	}
1820 	if (gotsome)
1821 		putchar('>');
1822 }
1823 
1824 int
1825 keyword(const char *cp)
1826 {
1827 	struct keytab *kt = keywords;
1828 
1829 	while (kt->kt_cp != NULL && strcmp(kt->kt_cp, cp) != 0)
1830 		kt++;
1831 	return (kt->kt_i);
1832 }
1833 
1834 static void
1835 sodump(struct sockaddr *sa, const char *which)
1836 {
1837 #ifdef INET6
1838 	char nbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1839 #endif
1840 
1841 	switch (sa->sa_family) {
1842 	case AF_LINK:
1843 		(void)printf("%s: link %s; ", which,
1844 		    link_ntoa((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa));
1845 		break;
1846 #ifdef INET
1847 	case AF_INET:
1848 		(void)printf("%s: inet %s; ", which,
1849 		    inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr));
1850 		break;
1851 #endif
1852 #ifdef INET6
1853 	case AF_INET6:
1854 		(void)printf("%s: inet6 %s; ", which, inet_ntop(sa->sa_family,
1855 		    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr, nbuf,
1856 		    sizeof(nbuf)));
1857 		break;
1858 #endif
1859 	case AF_APPLETALK:
1860 		(void)printf("%s: atalk %s; ", which,
1861 		    atalk_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_at *)(void *)sa)->sat_addr));
1862 		break;
1863 	}
1864 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1865 }
1866 
1867 /* States*/
1868 #define VIRGIN	0
1869 #define GOTONE	1
1870 #define GOTTWO	2
1871 /* Inputs */
1872 #define	DIGIT	(4*0)
1873 #define	END	(4*1)
1874 #define DELIM	(4*2)
1875 
1876 static void
1877 sockaddr(char *addr, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t size)
1878 {
1879 	char *cp = (char *)sa;
1880 	char *cplim = cp + size;
1881 	int byte = 0, state = VIRGIN, new = 0 /* foil gcc */;
1882 
1883 	memset(cp, 0, size);
1884 	cp++;
1885 	do {
1886 		if ((*addr >= '0') && (*addr <= '9')) {
1887 			new = *addr - '0';
1888 		} else if ((*addr >= 'a') && (*addr <= 'f')) {
1889 			new = *addr - 'a' + 10;
1890 		} else if ((*addr >= 'A') && (*addr <= 'F')) {
1891 			new = *addr - 'A' + 10;
1892 		} else if (*addr == '\0')
1893 			state |= END;
1894 		else
1895 			state |= DELIM;
1896 		addr++;
1897 		switch (state /* | INPUT */) {
1898 		case GOTTWO | DIGIT:
1899 			*cp++ = byte; /*FALLTHROUGH*/
1900 		case VIRGIN | DIGIT:
1901 			state = GOTONE; byte = new; continue;
1902 		case GOTONE | DIGIT:
1903 			state = GOTTWO; byte = new + (byte << 4); continue;
1904 		default: /* | DELIM */
1905 			state = VIRGIN; *cp++ = byte; byte = 0; continue;
1906 		case GOTONE | END:
1907 		case GOTTWO | END:
1908 			*cp++ = byte; /* FALLTHROUGH */
1909 		case VIRGIN | END:
1910 			break;
1911 		}
1912 		break;
1913 	} while (cp < cplim);
1914 	sa->sa_len = cp - (char *)sa;
1915 }
1916 
1917 static int
1918 atalk_aton(const char *text, struct at_addr *addr)
1919 {
1920 	u_int net, node;
1921 
1922 	if (sscanf(text, "%u.%u", &net, &node) != 2
1923 	    || net > 0xffff || node > 0xff)
1924 		return(0);
1925 	addr->s_net = htons(net);
1926 	addr->s_node = node;
1927 	return(1);
1928 }
1929 
1930 static char *
1931 atalk_ntoa(struct at_addr at)
1932 {
1933 	static char buf[20];
1934 
1935 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%u", ntohs(at.s_net), at.s_node);
1936 	buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
1937 	return(buf);
1938 }
1939