xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping6.c (revision 1323ec571215a77ddd21294f0871979d5ad6b992)
1 /*	$KAME: ping6.c,v 1.169 2003/07/25 06:01:47 itojun Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
5  *
6  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*	BSDI	ping.c,v 2.3 1996/01/21 17:56:50 jch Exp	*/
35 
36 /*
37  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
38  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
39  *
40  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
41  * Mike Muuss.
42  *
43  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
44  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
45  * are met:
46  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
48  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
50  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
51  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53  *    without specific prior written permission.
54  *
55  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
65  * SUCH DAMAGE.
66  */
67 
68 #if 0
69 #ifndef lint
70 static const char copyright[] =
71 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
72 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #ifndef lint
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
77 #endif /* not lint */
78 #endif
79 
80 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
81 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
82 
83 /*
84  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
85  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
86  *
87  * Author -
88  *	Mike Muuss
89  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
90  *	December, 1983
91  *
92  * Status -
93  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
94  * Bugs -
95  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
96  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
97  */
98 /*
99  * NOTE:
100  * USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID assumes that sin6_scope_id has the same semantics
101  * as IPV6_PKTINFO.  Some people object it (sin6_scope_id specifies *link*
102  * while IPV6_PKTINFO specifies *interface*.  Link is defined as collection of
103  * network attached to 1 or more interfaces)
104  */
105 
106 #include <sys/param.h>
107 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
108 #include <sys/uio.h>
109 #include <sys/socket.h>
110 
111 #include <net/if.h>
112 #include <net/route.h>
113 
114 #include <netinet/in.h>
115 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
116 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
117 #include <arpa/inet.h>
118 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
119 #include <netdb.h>
120 
121 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
122 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
123 #include <libcasper.h>
124 
125 #include <ctype.h>
126 #include <err.h>
127 #include <errno.h>
128 #include <fcntl.h>
129 #include <math.h>
130 #include <signal.h>
131 #include <stdio.h>
132 #include <stdlib.h>
133 #include <string.h>
134 #include <sysexits.h>
135 #include <time.h>
136 #include <unistd.h>
137 
138 #ifdef IPSEC
139 #include <netipsec/ah.h>
140 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
141 #endif
142 
143 #include <md5.h>
144 
145 #include "main.h"
146 #include "ping6.h"
147 
148 struct tv32 {
149 	u_int32_t tv32_sec;
150 	u_int32_t tv32_nsec;
151 };
152 
153 #define MAXPACKETLEN	131072
154 #define	IP6LEN		40
155 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN	8	/* icmp echo header len excluding time */
156 #define ICMP6ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct tv32)
157 #define ICMP6_NIQLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 8)
158 # define CONTROLLEN	10240	/* ancillary data buffer size RFC3542 20.1 */
159 /* FQDN case, 64 bits of nonce + 32 bits ttl */
160 #define ICMP6_NIRLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 12)
161 #define	EXTRA		256	/* for AH and various other headers. weird. */
162 #define	DEFDATALEN	ICMP6ECHOTMLEN
163 #define MAXDATALEN	MAXPACKETLEN - IP6LEN - ICMP6ECHOLEN
164 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
165 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
166 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
167 
168 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
169 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
170 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
171 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
172 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
173 
174 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
175 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
176 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
177 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
178 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
179 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
180 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
181 #ifdef IPSEC
182 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
183 #define	F_POLICY	0x0400
184 #else
185 #define F_AUTHHDR	0x0200
186 #define F_ENCRYPT	0x0400
187 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
188 #endif /*IPSEC*/
189 #define F_NODEADDR	0x0800
190 #define F_FQDN		0x1000
191 #define F_INTERFACE	0x2000
192 #define F_SRCADDR	0x4000
193 #define F_HOSTNAME	0x10000
194 #define F_FQDNOLD	0x20000
195 #define F_NIGROUP	0x40000
196 #define F_SUPTYPES	0x80000
197 #define F_NOMINMTU	0x100000
198 #define F_ONCE		0x200000
199 #define F_AUDIBLE	0x400000
200 #define F_MISSED	0x800000
201 #define F_DONTFRAG	0x1000000
202 #define F_NOUSERDATA	(F_NODEADDR | F_FQDN | F_FQDNOLD | F_SUPTYPES)
203 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x2000000
204 static u_int options;
205 
206 #define IN6LEN		sizeof(struct in6_addr)
207 #define SA6LEN		sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
208 #define DUMMY_PORT	10101
209 
210 #define SIN6(s)	((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(s))
211 
212 /*
213  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
214  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
215  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
216  */
217 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 8192)
218 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
219 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
220 
221 static struct sockaddr_in6 dst;	/* who to ping6 */
222 static struct sockaddr_in6 src;	/* src addr of this packet */
223 static socklen_t srclen;
224 static size_t datalen = DEFDATALEN;
225 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
226 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
227 static u_char outpack[MAXPACKETLEN];
228 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
229 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for AUDIBLE */
230 static char DOT = '.';
231 static char *hostname;
232 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
233 static u_int8_t nonce[8];	/* nonce field for node information */
234 static int hoplimit = -1;	/* hoplimit */
235 static int tclass = -1;		/* traffic class */
236 static int pcp = -2;		/* vlan priority code point */
237 static u_char *packet = NULL;
238 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
239 
240 /* counters */
241 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
242 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
243 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
244 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
245 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
246 static long ntransmitfailures;	/* number of transmit failures */
247 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets in ms */
248 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
249 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
250 
251 /* timing */
252 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
253 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
254 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
255 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
256 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
257 
258 /* for node addresses */
259 static u_short naflags;
260 
261 /* for ancillary data(advanced API) */
262 static struct msghdr smsghdr;
263 static struct iovec smsgiov;
264 static char *scmsg = 0;
265 
266 static volatile sig_atomic_t seenint;
267 #ifdef SIGINFO
268 static volatile sig_atomic_t seeninfo;
269 #endif
270 
271 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
272 static void	 fill(char *, char *);
273 static int	 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
274 static int	 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *);
275 static struct in6_pktinfo *get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *);
276 static void	 onsignal(int);
277 static void	 onint(int);
278 static size_t	 pingerlen(void);
279 static int	 pinger(void);
280 static const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, int);
281 static void	 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *);
282 static void	 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *);
283 static void	 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, size_t);
284 static void	 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, int);
285 static int	 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *);
286 static int	 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *);
287 static const char *dnsdecode(const u_char *, const u_char *, const u_char *,
288     char *, size_t);
289 static void	 pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *);
290 static void	 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *);
291 static void	 pr_ip6opt(void *, size_t);
292 static void	 pr_rthdr(void *, size_t);
293 static int	 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t, int, int);
294 static void	 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
295 static void	 summary(void);
296 #ifdef IPSEC
297 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
298 static int	 setpolicy(int, char *);
299 #endif
300 #endif
301 static char	*nigroup(char *, int);
302 
303 int
304 ping6(int argc, char *argv[])
305 {
306 	struct timespec last, intvl;
307 	struct sockaddr_in6 from, *sin6;
308 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
309 	struct sigaction si_sa;
310 	int cc, i;
311 	int almost_done, ch, hold, packlen, preload, optval, error;
312 	int nig_oldmcprefix = -1;
313 	u_char *datap;
314 	char *e, *target, *ifname = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
315 	int ip6optlen = 0;
316 	struct cmsghdr *scmsgp = NULL;
317 	/* For control (ancillary) data received from recvmsg() */
318 	u_char cm[CONTROLLEN];
319 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
320 	u_long lsockbufsize;
321 	int sockbufsize = 0;
322 #endif
323 	int usepktinfo = 0;
324 	struct in6_pktinfo pktinfo;
325 	char *cmsg_pktinfo = NULL;
326 	struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr = NULL;
327 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
328 	char *policy_in = NULL;
329 	char *policy_out = NULL;
330 #endif
331 	double t;
332 	u_long alarmtimeout;
333 	size_t rthlen;
334 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
335 	int mflag = 0;
336 #endif
337 	cap_rights_t rights_srecv;
338 	cap_rights_t rights_ssend;
339 	cap_rights_t rights_stdin;
340 
341 	/* just to be sure */
342 	memset(&smsghdr, 0, sizeof(smsghdr));
343 	memset(&smsgiov, 0, sizeof(smsgiov));
344 	memset(&pktinfo, 0, sizeof(pktinfo));
345 
346 	intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
347 	intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
348 
349 	alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
350 	datap = &outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN];
351 	capdns = capdns_setup();
352 
353 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING6OPTS)) != -1) {
354 		switch (ch) {
355 		case '6':
356 			/* This option is processed in main(). */
357 			break;
358 		case 'k':
359 		{
360 			char *cp;
361 
362 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
363 			options |= F_NODEADDR;
364 			for (cp = optarg; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
365 				switch (*cp) {
366 				case 'a':
367 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ALL;
368 					break;
369 				case 'c':
370 				case 'C':
371 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_COMPAT;
372 					break;
373 				case 'l':
374 				case 'L':
375 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_LINKLOCAL;
376 					break;
377 				case 's':
378 				case 'S':
379 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_SITELOCAL;
380 					break;
381 				case 'g':
382 				case 'G':
383 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_GLOBAL;
384 					break;
385 				case 'A': /* experimental. not in the spec */
386 #ifdef NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST
387 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST;
388 					break;
389 #else
390 					errx(1,
391 "-a A is not supported on the platform");
392 					/*NOTREACHED*/
393 #endif
394 				default:
395 					usage();
396 					/*NOTREACHED*/
397 				}
398 			}
399 			break;
400 		}
401 		case 'b':
402 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
403 			errno = 0;
404 			e = NULL;
405 			lsockbufsize = strtoul(optarg, &e, 10);
406 			sockbufsize = (int)lsockbufsize;
407 			if (errno || !*optarg || *e ||
408 			    lsockbufsize > INT_MAX)
409 				errx(1, "invalid socket buffer size");
410 #else
411 			errx(1,
412 "-b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported");
413 #endif
414 			break;
415 		case 'C':		/* vlan priority code point */
416 			pcp = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
417 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
418 				errx(1, "illegal vlan pcp %s", optarg);
419 			if (7 < pcp || pcp < -1)
420 				errx(1, "illegal vlan pcp -- %s", optarg);
421 			break;
422 		case 'c':
423 			npackets = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
424 			if (npackets <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
425 				errx(1,
426 				    "illegal number of packets -- %s", optarg);
427 			break;
428 		case 'D':
429 			options |= F_DONTFRAG;
430 			break;
431 		case 'd':
432 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
433 			break;
434 		case 'f':
435 			if (getuid()) {
436 				errno = EPERM;
437 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to flood ping");
438 			}
439 			options |= F_FLOOD;
440 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
441 			break;
442 		case 'e':
443 			gateway = optarg;
444 			break;
445 		case 'H':
446 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
447 			break;
448 		case 'm':		/* hoplimit */
449 			hoplimit = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
450 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
451 				errx(1, "illegal hoplimit %s", optarg);
452 			if (255 < hoplimit || hoplimit < -1)
453 				errx(1,
454 				    "illegal hoplimit -- %s", optarg);
455 			break;
456 		case 'I':
457 			ifname = optarg;
458 			options |= F_INTERFACE;
459 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
460 			usepktinfo++;
461 #endif
462 			break;
463 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
464 			t = strtod(optarg, &e);
465 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
466 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
467 			if (t < 1 && getuid()) {
468 				errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
469 				    strerror(EPERM));
470 			}
471 			intvl.tv_sec = (time_t)t;
472 			intvl.tv_nsec =
473 			    (long)((t - intvl.tv_sec) * 1000000000);
474 			if (intvl.tv_sec < 0)
475 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
476 			/* less than 1/hz does not make sense */
477 			if (intvl.tv_sec == 0 && intvl.tv_nsec < 1000) {
478 				warnx("too small interval, raised to .000001");
479 				intvl.tv_nsec = 1000;
480 			}
481 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
482 			break;
483 		case 'l':
484 			if (getuid()) {
485 				errno = EPERM;
486 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to preload");
487 			}
488 			preload = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
489 			if (preload < 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
490 				errx(1, "illegal preload value -- %s", optarg);
491 			break;
492 		case 'u':
493 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
494 			mflag++;
495 			break;
496 #else
497 			errx(1, "-%c is not supported on this platform", ch);
498 			/*NOTREACHED*/
499 #endif
500 		case 'n':
501 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
502 			break;
503 		case 'N':
504 			options |= F_NIGROUP;
505 			nig_oldmcprefix++;
506 			break;
507 		case 'o':
508 			options |= F_ONCE;
509 			break;
510 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
511 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
512 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
513 				break;
514 		case 'q':
515 			options |= F_QUIET;
516 			break;
517 		case 'a':
518 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
519 			break;
520 		case 'A':
521 			options |= F_MISSED;
522 			break;
523 		case 'S':
524 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
525 			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; /* allow hostname? */
526 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
527 			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
528 			hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
529 
530 			error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, optarg, NULL, &hints, &res);
531 			if (error) {
532 				errx(1, "invalid source address: %s",
533 				     gai_strerror(error));
534 			}
535 			/*
536 			 * res->ai_family must be AF_INET6 and res->ai_addrlen
537 			 * must be sizeof(src).
538 			 */
539 			memcpy(&src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
540 			srclen = res->ai_addrlen;
541 			freeaddrinfo(res);
542 			options |= F_SRCADDR;
543 			break;
544 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
545 			datalen = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
546 			if (datalen <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
547 				errx(1, "illegal datalen value -- %s", optarg);
548 			if (datalen > MAXDATALEN) {
549 				errx(1,
550 				    "datalen value too large, maximum is %d",
551 				    MAXDATALEN);
552 			}
553 			break;
554 		case 'O':
555 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
556 			options |= F_SUPTYPES;
557 			break;
558 		case 'v':
559 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
560 			break;
561 		case 'y':
562 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
563 			options |= F_FQDN;
564 			break;
565 		case 'Y':
566 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
567 			options |= F_FQDNOLD;
568 			break;
569 		case 'W':
570 			t = strtod(optarg, &e);
571 			if (*e || e == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
572 				err(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
573 				    optarg);
574 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
575 			waittime = (int)t;
576 			break;
577 		case 't':
578 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &e, 0);
579 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
580 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
581 				    optarg);
582 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
583 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
584 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
585 			{
586 				struct itimerval itv;
587 
588 				timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
589 				timerclear(&itv.it_value);
590 				itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
591 				if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
592 					err(1, "setitimer");
593 			}
594 			break;
595 		case 'z':		/* traffic class */
596 			tclass = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
597 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
598 				errx(1, "illegal traffic class %s", optarg);
599 			if (255 < tclass || tclass < -1)
600 				errx(1,
601 				    "illegal traffic class -- %s", optarg);
602 			break;
603 #ifdef IPSEC
604 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
605 		case 'P':
606 			options |= F_POLICY;
607 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) {
608 				if ((policy_in = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
609 					errx(1, "strdup");
610 			} else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) {
611 				if ((policy_out = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
612 					errx(1, "strdup");
613 			} else
614 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
615 			break;
616 #else
617 		case 'Z':
618 			options |= F_AUTHHDR;
619 			break;
620 		case 'E':
621 			options |= F_ENCRYPT;
622 			break;
623 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
624 #endif /*IPSEC*/
625 		default:
626 			usage();
627 			/*NOTREACHED*/
628 		}
629 	}
630 
631 	argc -= optind;
632 	argv += optind;
633 
634 	if (argc < 1) {
635 		usage();
636 		/*NOTREACHED*/
637 	}
638 
639 	if (argc > 1) {
640 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR	/* 2292bis */
641 		rthlen = CMSG_SPACE(inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0,
642 		    argc - 1));
643 #else  /* RFC2292 */
644 		rthlen = inet6_rthdr_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
645 #endif
646 		if (rthlen == 0) {
647 			errx(1, "too many intermediate hops");
648 			/*NOTREACHED*/
649 		}
650 		ip6optlen += rthlen;
651 	}
652 
653 	if (options & F_NIGROUP) {
654 		target = nigroup(argv[argc - 1], nig_oldmcprefix);
655 		if (target == NULL) {
656 			usage();
657 			/*NOTREACHED*/
658 		}
659 	} else
660 		target = argv[argc - 1];
661 
662 	/* cap_getaddrinfo */
663 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
664 	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
665 	hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
666 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
667 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
668 
669 	error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, target, NULL, &hints, &res);
670 	if (error)
671 		errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
672 	if (res->ai_canonname)
673 		hostname = strdup(res->ai_canonname);
674 	else
675 		hostname = target;
676 
677 	if (!res->ai_addr)
678 		errx(1, "cap_getaddrinfo failed");
679 
680 	(void)memcpy(&dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
681 
682 	if ((ssend = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
683 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
684 		err(1, "socket ssend");
685 	if ((srecv = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
686 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
687 		err(1, "socket srecv");
688 	freeaddrinfo(res);
689 
690 	/* set the source address if specified. */
691 	if ((options & F_SRCADDR) != 0) {
692 		/* properly fill sin6_scope_id */
693 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&src.sin6_addr) && (
694 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr) ||
695 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr) ||
696 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr))) {
697 			if (src.sin6_scope_id == 0)
698 				src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
699 			if (dst.sin6_scope_id == 0)
700 				dst.sin6_scope_id = src.sin6_scope_id;
701 		}
702 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&src, srclen) != 0)
703 			err(1, "bind");
704 	}
705 	/* set the gateway (next hop) if specified */
706 	if (gateway) {
707 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
708 		hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
709 		hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
710 		hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
711 
712 		error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, gateway, NULL, &hints, &res);
713 		if (error) {
714 			errx(1, "cap_getaddrinfo for the gateway %s: %s",
715 			     gateway, gai_strerror(error));
716 		}
717 		if (res->ai_next && (options & F_VERBOSE))
718 			warnx("gateway resolves to multiple addresses");
719 
720 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_NEXTHOP,
721 		    res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen)) {
722 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_NEXTHOP)");
723 		}
724 
725 		freeaddrinfo(res);
726 	}
727 
728 	/*
729 	 * let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets,
730 	 * for privileged socket options
731 	 */
732 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
733 		int opton = 1;
734 
735 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
736 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton,
737 		    sizeof(opton)))
738 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)");
739 #else  /* old adv. API */
740 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPOPTS, &opton,
741 		    sizeof(opton)))
742 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPOPTS)");
743 #endif
744 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
745 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton,
746 		    sizeof(opton)))
747 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)");
748 #else  /* old adv. API */
749 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DSTOPTS, &opton,
750 		    sizeof(opton)))
751 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DSTOPTS)");
752 #endif
753 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
754 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS, &opton,
755 		    sizeof(opton)))
756 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS)");
757 #endif
758 	}
759 
760 	/* revoke root privilege */
761 	if (seteuid(getuid()) != 0)
762 		err(1, "seteuid() failed");
763 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
764 		err(1, "setuid() failed");
765 
766 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL))
767 		errx(1, "-f and -i incompatible options");
768 
769 	if ((options & F_NOUSERDATA) == 0) {
770 		if (datalen >= sizeof(struct tv32)) {
771 			/* we can time transfer */
772 			timing = 1;
773 		} else
774 			timing = 0;
775 		/* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/
776 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
777 			packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
778 		else
779 			packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
780 	} else {
781 		/* suppress timing for node information query */
782 		timing = 0;
783 		datalen = 2048;
784 		packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
785 	}
786 
787 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
788 		err(1, "Unable to allocate packet");
789 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
790 		for (i = ICMP6ECHOLEN; i < packlen; ++i)
791 			*datap++ = i;
792 
793 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
794 	arc4random_buf(nonce, sizeof(nonce));
795 	optval = 1;
796 	if (options & F_DONTFRAG)
797 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DONTFRAG,
798 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
799 			err(1, "IPV6_DONTFRAG");
800 	hold = 1;
801 
802 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
803 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
804 		    sizeof(hold));
805 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
806 		    sizeof(hold));
807 	}
808 	optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
809 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
810 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
811 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
812 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
813 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
814 	if (mflag != 1) {
815 		optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1;
816 
817 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU,
818 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
819 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)");
820 	}
821 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
822 	else {
823 		optval = 1;
824 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU,
825 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
826 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)");
827 	}
828 #endif /* IPV6_RECVPATHMTU */
829 #endif /* IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU */
830 
831 #ifdef IPSEC
832 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
833 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
834 		if (setpolicy(srecv, policy_in) < 0)
835 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
836 		if (setpolicy(ssend, policy_out) < 0)
837 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
838 	}
839 #else
840 	if (options & F_AUTHHDR) {
841 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
842 #ifdef IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
843 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
844 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
845 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
846 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
847 		     &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
848 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
849 #else /* old def */
850 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
851 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
852 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
853 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
854 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
855 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
856 #endif
857 	}
858 	if (options & F_ENCRYPT) {
859 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
860 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
861 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
862 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
863 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
864 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
865 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
866 	}
867 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
868 #endif
869 
870 #ifdef ICMP6_FILTER
871     {
872 	struct icmp6_filter filt;
873 	if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) {
874 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt);
875 		if ((options & F_FQDN) || (options & F_FQDNOLD) ||
876 		    (options & F_NODEADDR) || (options & F_SUPTYPES))
877 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_NI_REPLY, &filt);
878 		else
879 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt);
880 	} else {
881 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt);
882 	}
883 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt,
884 	    sizeof(filt)) < 0)
885 		err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)");
886     }
887 #endif /*ICMP6_FILTER*/
888 
889 	/* let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets */
890 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
891 		int opton = 1;
892 
893 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
894 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton,
895 		    sizeof(opton)))
896 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)");
897 #else  /* old adv. API */
898 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, &opton,
899 		    sizeof(opton)))
900 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
901 #endif
902 	}
903 
904 /*
905 	optval = 1;
906 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
907 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
908 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
909 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
910 */
911 
912 	/* Specify the outgoing interface and/or the source address */
913 	if (usepktinfo)
914 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
915 
916 	if (hoplimit != -1)
917 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
918 
919 	/* set IP6 packet options */
920 	if (ip6optlen) {
921 		if ((scmsg = (char *)malloc(ip6optlen)) == NULL)
922 			errx(1, "can't allocate enough memory");
923 		smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg;
924 		smsghdr.msg_controllen = ip6optlen;
925 		scmsgp = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&smsghdr);
926 	}
927 	if (usepktinfo) {
928 		cmsg_pktinfo = CMSG_DATA(scmsgp);
929 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
930 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
931 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
932 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
933 	}
934 
935 	/* set the outgoing interface */
936 	if (ifname) {
937 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
938 		/* pktinfo must have already been allocated */
939 		if ((pktinfo.ipi6_ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
940 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
941 #else
942 		if ((dst.sin6_scope_id = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
943 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
944 #endif
945 	}
946 	if (hoplimit != -1) {
947 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
948 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
949 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT;
950 		memcpy(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp), &hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit));
951 
952 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
953 	}
954 
955 	if (tclass != -1) {
956 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS,
957 		    &tclass, sizeof(tclass)) == -1)
958 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_TCLASS)");
959 	}
960 
961 	if (pcp != -2) {
962 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_VLAN_PCP,
963 		    &pcp, sizeof(pcp)) == -1)
964 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_VLAN_PCP)");
965 	}
966 
967 	if (argc > 1) {	/* some intermediate addrs are specified */
968 		int hops;
969 		int rthdrlen;
970 
971 		rthdrlen = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
972 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(rthdrlen);
973 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
974 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_RTHDR;
975 		rthdr = (struct ip6_rthdr *)CMSG_DATA(scmsgp);
976 		rthdr = inet6_rth_init((void *)rthdr, rthdrlen,
977 		    IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
978 		if (rthdr == NULL)
979 			errx(1, "can't initialize rthdr");
980 
981 		for (hops = 0; hops < argc - 1; hops++) {
982 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
983 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
984 
985 			if ((error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, argv[hops], NULL, &hints,
986 			    &res)))
987 				errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
988 			if (res->ai_addr->sa_family != AF_INET6)
989 				errx(1,
990 				    "bad addr family of an intermediate addr");
991 			sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)res->ai_addr;
992 			if (inet6_rth_add(rthdr, &sin6->sin6_addr))
993 				errx(1, "can't add an intermediate node");
994 			freeaddrinfo(res);
995 		}
996 
997 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
998 	}
999 
1000 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
1001 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1002 	if (capdns != NULL) {
1003 		const char *types[1];
1004 
1005 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
1006 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, nitems(types)) < 0)
1007 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1008 	}
1009 #endif
1010 	if (!(options & F_SRCADDR)) {
1011 		/*
1012 		 * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root
1013 		 * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this.
1014 		 */
1015 		int dummy;
1016 		socklen_t len = sizeof(src);
1017 
1018 		if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
1019 			err(1, "UDP socket");
1020 
1021 		src.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1022 		src.sin6_addr = dst.sin6_addr;
1023 		src.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT);
1024 		src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
1025 
1026 		if (usepktinfo &&
1027 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
1028 		    (void *)&pktinfo, sizeof(pktinfo)))
1029 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
1030 
1031 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
1032 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
1033 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
1034 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)");
1035 
1036 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
1037 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
1038 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
1039 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)");
1040 
1041 		if (rthdr &&
1042 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
1043 		    (void *)rthdr, (rthdr->ip6r_len + 1) << 3))
1044 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
1045 
1046 		if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, len) < 0)
1047 			err(1, "UDP connect");
1048 
1049 		if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, &len) < 0)
1050 			err(1, "getsockname");
1051 
1052 		close(dummy);
1053 	}
1054 
1055 	/* Save pktinfo in the ancillary data. */
1056 	if (usepktinfo)
1057 		memcpy(cmsg_pktinfo, &pktinfo, sizeof(pktinfo));
1058 
1059 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)) != 0)
1060 		err(1, "connect() ssend");
1061 
1062 	caph_cache_catpages();
1063 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
1064 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
1065 
1066 	cap_rights_init(&rights_stdin);
1067 	if (caph_rights_limit(STDIN_FILENO, &rights_stdin) < 0)
1068 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit stdin");
1069 	if (caph_limit_stdout() < 0)
1070 		err(1, "caph_limit_stdout");
1071 	if (caph_limit_stderr() < 0)
1072 		err(1, "caph_limit_stderr");
1073 
1074 	cap_rights_init(&rights_srecv, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1075 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights_srecv) < 0)
1076 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit srecv");
1077 	cap_rights_init(&rights_ssend, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1078 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights_ssend) < 0)
1079 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit ssend");
1080 
1081 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
1082 	if (sockbufsize) {
1083 		if (datalen > (size_t)sockbufsize)
1084 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
1085 		if (setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
1086 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
1087 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
1088 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
1089 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
1090 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF)");
1091 	}
1092 	else {
1093 		if (datalen > 8 * 1024)	/*XXX*/
1094 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
1095 		/*
1096 		 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of
1097 		 * answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying
1098 		 * to stress the ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache
1099 		 * to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
1100 		 */
1101 		hold = 48 * 1024;
1102 		setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
1103 		    sizeof(hold));
1104 	}
1105 #endif
1106 
1107 	optval = 1;
1108 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
1109 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
1110 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval,
1111 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1112 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
1113 #else  /* old adv. API */
1114 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &optval,
1115 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1116 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
1117 #endif
1118 #endif /* USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID */
1119 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
1120 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval,
1121 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1122 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
1123 #else  /* old adv. API */
1124 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &optval,
1125 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1126 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
1127 #endif
1128 
1129 	cap_rights_clear(&rights_srecv, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1130 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights_srecv) < 0)
1131 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
1132 	cap_rights_clear(&rights_ssend, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1133 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights_ssend) < 0)
1134 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
1135 
1136 	printf("PING6(%lu=40+8+%lu bytes) ", (unsigned long)(40 + pingerlen()),
1137 	    (unsigned long)(pingerlen() - 8));
1138 	printf("%s --> ", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&src, sizeof(src)));
1139 	printf("%s\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)));
1140 
1141 	if (preload == 0)
1142 		pinger();
1143 	else {
1144 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
1145 			preload = npackets;
1146 		while (preload--)
1147 			pinger();
1148 	}
1149 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1150 
1151 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
1152 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
1153 	si_sa.sa_handler = onsignal;
1154 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1155 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
1156 	seenint = 0;
1157 #ifdef SIGINFO
1158 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1159 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINFO");
1160 	seeninfo = 0;
1161 #endif
1162 	if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
1163 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1164 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
1165 	}
1166 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
1167 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
1168 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
1169 	}
1170 
1171 	almost_done = 0;
1172 	while (seenint == 0) {
1173 		struct timespec now, timeout;
1174 		struct msghdr m;
1175 		struct iovec iov[2];
1176 		fd_set rfds;
1177 		int n;
1178 
1179 		/* signal handling */
1180 		if (seenint)
1181 			onint(SIGINT);
1182 #ifdef SIGINFO
1183 		if (seeninfo) {
1184 			summary();
1185 			seeninfo = 0;
1186 			continue;
1187 		}
1188 #endif
1189 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
1190 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
1191 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1192 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
1193 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
1194 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
1195 			timespecclear(&timeout);
1196 
1197 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
1198 		if (n < 0)
1199 			continue;	/* EINTR */
1200 		if (n == 1) {
1201 			m.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
1202 			m.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
1203 			memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1204 			iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
1205 			iov[0].iov_len = packlen;
1206 			m.msg_iov = iov;
1207 			m.msg_iovlen = 1;
1208 			memset(cm, 0, CONTROLLEN);
1209 			m.msg_control = (void *)cm;
1210 			m.msg_controllen = CONTROLLEN;
1211 
1212 			cc = recvmsg(srecv, &m, 0);
1213 			if (cc < 0) {
1214 				if (errno != EINTR) {
1215 					warn("recvmsg");
1216 					sleep(1);
1217 				}
1218 				continue;
1219 			} else if (cc == 0) {
1220 				int mtu;
1221 
1222 				/*
1223 				 * receive control messages only. Process the
1224 				 * exceptions (currently the only possibility is
1225 				 * a path MTU notification.)
1226 				 */
1227 				if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m)) > 0) {
1228 					if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1229 						printf("new path MTU (%d) is "
1230 						    "notified\n", mtu);
1231 					}
1232 				}
1233 				continue;
1234 			} else {
1235 				/*
1236 				 * an ICMPv6 message (probably an echoreply)
1237 				 * arrived.
1238 				 */
1239 				pr_pack(packet, cc, &m);
1240 			}
1241 			if (((options & F_ONCE) != 0 && nreceived > 0) ||
1242 			    (npackets > 0 && nreceived >= npackets))
1243 				break;
1244 		}
1245 		if (n == 0 || (options & F_FLOOD)) {
1246 			if (npackets == 0 || ntransmitted < npackets)
1247 				pinger();
1248 			else {
1249 				if (almost_done)
1250 					break;
1251 				almost_done = 1;
1252 			/*
1253 			 * If we're not transmitting any more packets,
1254 			 * change the timer to wait two round-trip times
1255 			 * if we've received any packets or (waittime)
1256 			 * milliseconds if we haven't.
1257 			 */
1258 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
1259 				if (nreceived) {
1260 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
1261 					if (intvl.tv_sec == 0)
1262 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
1263 				} else {
1264 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
1265 					intvl.tv_nsec =
1266 						waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
1267 				}
1268 			}
1269 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1270 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1271 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1272 				if (options & F_MISSED)
1273 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1274 			}
1275 		}
1276 	}
1277 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
1278 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
1279 	si_sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1280 	sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0);
1281 	sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0);
1282 	summary();
1283 
1284         if(packet != NULL)
1285                 free(packet);
1286 
1287 	if (nreceived > 0)
1288 		exit(0);
1289 	else if (ntransmitted > ntransmitfailures)
1290 		exit(2);
1291 	else
1292 		exit(EX_OSERR);
1293 }
1294 
1295 static void
1296 onsignal(int sig)
1297 {
1298 
1299 	switch (sig) {
1300 	case SIGINT:
1301 	case SIGALRM:
1302 		seenint++;
1303 		break;
1304 #ifdef SIGINFO
1305 	case SIGINFO:
1306 		seeninfo++;
1307 		break;
1308 #endif
1309 	}
1310 }
1311 
1312 /*
1313  * pinger --
1314  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1315  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1316  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
1317  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in VAX
1318  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1319  */
1320 static size_t
1321 pingerlen(void)
1322 {
1323 	size_t l;
1324 
1325 	if (options & F_FQDN)
1326 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1327 	else if (options & F_FQDNOLD)
1328 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1329 	else if (options & F_NODEADDR)
1330 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1331 	else if (options & F_SUPTYPES)
1332 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1333 	else
1334 		l = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1335 
1336 	return l;
1337 }
1338 
1339 static int
1340 pinger(void)
1341 {
1342 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1343 	struct iovec iov[2];
1344 	int i, cc;
1345 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip;
1346 	uint16_t seq;
1347 
1348 	if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets)
1349 		return(-1);	/* no more transmission */
1350 
1351 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack;
1352 	nip = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)outpack;
1353 	memset(icp, 0, sizeof(*icp));
1354 	icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1355 	seq = ntransmitted++;
1356 	CLR(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1357 
1358 	if (options & F_FQDN) {
1359 		uint16_t s;
1360 
1361 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1362 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1363 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1364 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1365 
1366 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1367 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1368 		s = htons(seq);
1369 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1370 
1371 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1372 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1373 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1374 		datalen = 0;
1375 	} else if (options & F_FQDNOLD) {
1376 		uint16_t s;
1377 		/* packet format in 03 draft - no Subject data on queries */
1378 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1379 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;	/* code field is always 0 */
1380 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1381 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1382 
1383 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1384 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1385 		s = htons(seq);
1386 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1387 
1388 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1389 		datalen = 0;
1390 	} else if (options & F_NODEADDR) {
1391 		uint16_t s;
1392 
1393 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1394 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1395 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR);
1396 		nip->ni_flags = naflags;
1397 
1398 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1399 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1400 		s = htons(seq);
1401 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1402 
1403 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1404 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1405 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1406 		datalen = 0;
1407 	} else if (options & F_SUPTYPES) {
1408 		uint16_t s;
1409 
1410 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1411 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN;	/*empty*/
1412 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES);
1413 		/* we support compressed bitmap */
1414 		nip->ni_flags = NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS;
1415 
1416 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1417 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1418 		s = htons(seq);
1419 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1420 
1421 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1422 		datalen = 0;
1423 	} else {
1424 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1425 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1426 		icp->icmp6_id = htons(ident);
1427 		icp->icmp6_seq = htons(seq);
1428 		if (timing) {
1429 			struct timespec tv;
1430 			struct tv32 tv32;
1431 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tv);
1432 			/*
1433 			 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1434 			 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1435 			 * packet. We're only concerned with
1436 			 * durations, not absolute times.
1437 			 */
1438 			tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1439 			tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(tv.tv_nsec);
1440 			memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN], &tv32, sizeof(tv32));
1441 		}
1442 		cc = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1443 	}
1444 
1445 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1446 	if (pingerlen() != cc)
1447 		errx(1, "internal error; length mismatch");
1448 #endif
1449 
1450 	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1451 	iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack;
1452 	iov[0].iov_len = cc;
1453 	smsghdr.msg_iov = iov;
1454 	smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
1455 
1456 	i = sendmsg(ssend, &smsghdr, 0);
1457 
1458 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1459 		if (i < 0) {
1460 			ntransmitfailures++;
1461 			warn("sendmsg");
1462 		}
1463 		(void)printf("ping6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
1464 		    hostname, cc, i);
1465 	}
1466 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1467 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1468 
1469 	return(0);
1470 }
1471 
1472 static int
1473 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *icp)
1474 {
1475 	if (ntohs(icp->icmp6_id) == ident)
1476 		return 1;
1477 	else
1478 		return 0;
1479 }
1480 
1481 static int
1482 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip)
1483 {
1484 	if (memcmp(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1485 	    nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1486 	    sizeof(nonce) - sizeof(u_int16_t)) == 0)
1487 		return 1;
1488 	else
1489 		return 0;
1490 }
1491 
1492 /*
1493  * Decode a name from a DNS message.
1494  *
1495  * Format of the message is described in RFC 1035 subsection 4.1.4.
1496  *
1497  * Arguments:
1498  *   sp     - Pointer to a DNS pointer octet or to the first octet of a label
1499  *            in the message.
1500  *   ep     - Pointer to the end of the message (one step past the last octet).
1501  *   base   - Pointer to the beginning of the message.
1502  *   buf    - Buffer into which the decoded name will be saved.
1503  *   bufsiz - Size of the buffer 'buf'.
1504  *
1505  * Return value:
1506  *   Pointer to an octet immediately following the ending zero octet
1507  *   of the decoded label, or NULL if an error occured.
1508  */
1509 static const char *
1510 dnsdecode(const u_char *sp, const u_char *ep, const u_char *base, char *buf,
1511 	size_t bufsiz)
1512 {
1513 	int i;
1514 	const u_char *cp;
1515 	char cresult[MAXDNAME + 1];
1516 	const u_char *comp;
1517 	int l;
1518 
1519 	cp = sp;
1520 	*buf = '\0';
1521 
1522 	if (cp >= ep)
1523 		return NULL;
1524 	while (cp < ep) {
1525 		i = *cp;
1526 		if (i == 0 || cp != sp) {
1527 			if (strlcat((char *)buf, ".", bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1528 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1529 		}
1530 		if (i == 0)
1531 			break;
1532 		cp++;
1533 
1534 		if ((i & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && cp - base > (i & 0x3f)) {
1535 			/* DNS compression */
1536 			if (!base)
1537 				return NULL;
1538 
1539 			comp = base + (i & 0x3f);
1540 			if (dnsdecode(comp, cp, base, cresult,
1541 			    sizeof(cresult)) == NULL)
1542 				return NULL;
1543 			if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1544 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1545 			break;
1546 		} else if ((i & 0x3f) == i) {
1547 			if (i > ep - cp)
1548 				return NULL;	/*source overrun*/
1549 			while (i-- > 0 && cp < ep) {
1550 				l = snprintf(cresult, sizeof(cresult),
1551 				    isprint(*cp) ? "%c" : "\\%03o", *cp & 0xff);
1552 				if ((size_t)l >= sizeof(cresult) || l < 0)
1553 					return NULL;
1554 				if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1555 					return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1556 				cp++;
1557 			}
1558 		} else
1559 			return NULL;	/*invalid label*/
1560 	}
1561 	if (i != 0)
1562 		return NULL;	/*not terminated*/
1563 	cp++;
1564 	return cp;
1565 }
1566 
1567 /*
1568  * pr_pack --
1569  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1570  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1571  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1572  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1573  */
1574 static void
1575 pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr)
1576 {
1577 #define safeputc(c)	printf((isprint((c)) ? "%c" : "\\%03o"), c)
1578 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1579 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
1580 	int i;
1581 	int hoplim;
1582 	struct sockaddr *from;
1583 	int fromlen;
1584 	const u_char *cp = NULL;
1585 	u_char *dp, *end = buf + cc;
1586 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
1587 	struct timespec tv, tp;
1588 	struct tv32 tpp;
1589 	double triptime = 0;
1590 	int dupflag;
1591 	size_t off;
1592 	int oldfqdn;
1593 	u_int16_t seq;
1594 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
1595 
1596 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tv);
1597 
1598 	if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name ||
1599 	    mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) ||
1600 	    ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) {
1601 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1602 			warnx("invalid peername");
1603 		return;
1604 	}
1605 	from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name;
1606 	fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen;
1607 	if (cc < (int)sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1608 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1609 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1610 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1611 		return;
1612 	}
1613 	if (((mhdr->msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0) &&
1614 	    (options & F_VERBOSE) != 0)
1615 		warnx("some control data discarded, insufficient buffer size");
1616 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1617 	ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)buf;
1618 	off = 0;
1619 
1620 	if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) {
1621 		warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit");
1622 		return;
1623 	}
1624 	if ((pktinfo = get_rcvpktinfo(mhdr)) == NULL) {
1625 		warnx("failed to get receiving packet information");
1626 		return;
1627 	}
1628 
1629 	if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY && myechoreply(icp)) {
1630 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp6_seq);
1631 		++nreceived;
1632 		if (timing) {
1633 			memcpy(&tpp, icp + 1, sizeof(tpp));
1634 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tpp.tv32_sec);
1635 			tp.tv_nsec = ntohl(tpp.tv32_nsec);
1636 			timespecsub(&tv, &tp, &tv);
1637 			triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1638 			    ((double)tv.tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1639 			tsum += triptime;
1640 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1641 			if (triptime < tmin)
1642 				tmin = triptime;
1643 			if (triptime > tmax)
1644 				tmax = triptime;
1645 		}
1646 
1647 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1648 			++nrepeats;
1649 			--nreceived;
1650 			dupflag = 1;
1651 		} else {
1652 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1653 			dupflag = 0;
1654 		}
1655 
1656 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1657 			return;
1658 
1659 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1660 			++nrcvtimeout;
1661 			return;
1662 		}
1663 
1664 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1665 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1666 		else {
1667 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1668 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1669 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s, icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1670 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen), seq);
1671 			(void)printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim);
1672 			if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1673 				struct sockaddr_in6 dstsa;
1674 
1675 				memset(&dstsa, 0, sizeof(dstsa));
1676 				dstsa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1677 				dstsa.sin6_len = sizeof(dstsa);
1678 				dstsa.sin6_scope_id = pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex;
1679 				dstsa.sin6_addr = pktinfo->ipi6_addr;
1680 				(void)printf(" dst=%s",
1681 				    pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dstsa,
1682 				    sizeof(dstsa)));
1683 			}
1684 			if (timing)
1685 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1686 			if (dupflag)
1687 				(void)printf("(DUP!)");
1688 			/* check the data */
1689 			cp = buf + off + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1690 			dp = outpack + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1691 			for (i = 8; cp < end; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
1692 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1693 					(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp);
1694 					break;
1695 				}
1696 			}
1697 		}
1698 	} else if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_NI_REPLY && mynireply(ni)) {
1699 		memcpy(&seq, ni->icmp6_ni_nonce, sizeof(seq));
1700 		seq = ntohs(seq);
1701 		++nreceived;
1702 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1703 			++nrepeats;
1704 			--nreceived;
1705 			dupflag = 1;
1706 		} else {
1707 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1708 			dupflag = 0;
1709 		}
1710 
1711 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1712 			return;
1713 
1714 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1715 
1716 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_code)) {
1717 		case ICMP6_NI_SUCCESS:
1718 			break;
1719 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1720 			printf("refused, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1721 			goto fqdnend;
1722 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1723 			printf("unknown, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1724 			goto fqdnend;
1725 		default:
1726 			printf("unknown code 0x%x, type 0x%x",
1727 			    ntohs(ni->ni_code), ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1728 			goto fqdnend;
1729 		}
1730 
1731 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
1732 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
1733 			printf("NodeInfo NOOP");
1734 			break;
1735 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
1736 			pr_suptypes(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1737 			break;
1738 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
1739 			pr_nodeaddr(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1740 			break;
1741 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
1742 		default:	/* XXX: for backward compatibility */
1743 			cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1744 			if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] ==
1745 			    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1)
1746 				oldfqdn = 1;
1747 			else
1748 				oldfqdn = 0;
1749 			if (oldfqdn) {
1750 				cp++;	/* skip length */
1751 				while (cp < end) {
1752 					safeputc(*cp & 0xff);
1753 					cp++;
1754 				}
1755 			} else {
1756 				i = 0;
1757 				while (cp < end) {
1758 					cp = dnsdecode((const u_char *)cp, end,
1759 					    (const u_char *)(ni + 1), dnsname,
1760 					    sizeof(dnsname));
1761 					if (cp == NULL) {
1762 						printf("???");
1763 						break;
1764 					}
1765 					/*
1766 					 * name-lookup special handling for
1767 					 * truncated name
1768 					 */
1769 					if (cp + 1 <= end && !*cp &&
1770 					    strlen(dnsname) > 0) {
1771 						dnsname[strlen(dnsname) - 1] = '\0';
1772 						cp++;
1773 					}
1774 					printf("%s%s", i > 0 ? "," : "",
1775 					    dnsname);
1776 				}
1777 			}
1778 			if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1779 				u_long t;
1780 				int32_t ttl;
1781 				int comma = 0;
1782 
1783 				(void)printf(" (");	/*)*/
1784 
1785 				switch (ni->ni_code) {
1786 				case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1787 					(void)printf("refused");
1788 					comma++;
1789 					break;
1790 				case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1791 					(void)printf("unknown qtype");
1792 					comma++;
1793 					break;
1794 				}
1795 
1796 				if ((end - (u_char *)ni) < ICMP6_NIRLEN) {
1797 					/* case of refusion, unknown */
1798 					/*(*/
1799 					putchar(')');
1800 					goto fqdnend;
1801 				}
1802 				memcpy(&t, &buf[off+ICMP6ECHOLEN+8], sizeof(t));
1803 				ttl = (int32_t)ntohl(t);
1804 				if (comma)
1805 					printf(",");
1806 				if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FQDN_FLAG_VALIDTTL)) {
1807 					(void)printf("TTL=%d:meaningless",
1808 					    (int)ttl);
1809 				} else {
1810 					if (ttl < 0) {
1811 						(void)printf("TTL=%d:invalid",
1812 						   ttl);
1813 					} else
1814 						(void)printf("TTL=%d", ttl);
1815 				}
1816 				comma++;
1817 
1818 				if (oldfqdn) {
1819 					if (comma)
1820 						printf(",");
1821 					printf("03 draft");
1822 					comma++;
1823 				} else {
1824 					cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1825 					if (cp == end) {
1826 						if (comma)
1827 							printf(",");
1828 						printf("no name");
1829 						comma++;
1830 					}
1831 				}
1832 
1833 				if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] !=
1834 				    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1 && oldfqdn) {
1835 					if (comma)
1836 						printf(",");
1837 					(void)printf("invalid namelen:%d/%lu",
1838 					    buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN],
1839 					    (u_long)cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1);
1840 					comma++;
1841 				}
1842 				/*(*/
1843 				putchar(')');
1844 			}
1845 		fqdnend:
1846 			;
1847 		}
1848 	} else {
1849 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
1850 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
1851 			return;
1852 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1853 		pr_icmph(icp, end);
1854 	}
1855 
1856 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1857 		(void)putchar('\n');
1858 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1859 			pr_exthdrs(mhdr);
1860 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1861 	}
1862 #undef safeputc
1863 }
1864 
1865 static void
1866 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1867 {
1868 	ssize_t	bufsize;
1869 	void	*bufp;
1870 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1871 
1872 	bufsize = 0;
1873 	bufp = mhdr->msg_control;
1874 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1875 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1876 		if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6)
1877 			continue;
1878 
1879 		bufsize = CONTROLLEN - ((caddr_t)CMSG_DATA(cm) - (caddr_t)bufp);
1880 		if (bufsize <= 0)
1881 			continue;
1882 		switch (cm->cmsg_type) {
1883 		case IPV6_HOPOPTS:
1884 			printf("  HbH Options: ");
1885 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1886 			break;
1887 		case IPV6_DSTOPTS:
1888 #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
1889 		case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS:
1890 #endif
1891 			printf("  Dst Options: ");
1892 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1893 			break;
1894 		case IPV6_RTHDR:
1895 			printf("  Routing: ");
1896 			pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1897 			break;
1898 		}
1899 	}
1900 }
1901 
1902 static void
1903 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1904 {
1905 	struct ip6_hbh *ext;
1906 	int currentlen;
1907 	u_int8_t type;
1908 	socklen_t extlen, len;
1909 	void *databuf;
1910 	size_t offset;
1911 	u_int16_t value2;
1912 	u_int32_t value4;
1913 
1914 	ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf;
1915 	extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8;
1916 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt,
1917 	    (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen);
1918 
1919 	/*
1920 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer:
1921 	 *     subtract the size of a cmsg structure from the buffer size.
1922 	 */
1923 	if (bufsize < (extlen  + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1924 		extlen = bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0);
1925 		warnx("options truncated, showing only %u (total=%u)",
1926 		    (unsigned int)(extlen / 8 - 1),
1927 		    (unsigned int)(ext->ip6h_len));
1928 	}
1929 
1930 	currentlen = 0;
1931 	while (1) {
1932 		currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen,
1933 		    &type, &len, &databuf);
1934 		if (currentlen == -1)
1935 			break;
1936 		switch (type) {
1937 		/*
1938 		 * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding
1939 		 * optins.
1940 		 */
1941 		case IP6OPT_JUMBO:
1942 			offset = 0;
1943 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1944 			    &value4, sizeof(value4));
1945 			printf("    Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n",
1946 			    (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4));
1947 			break;
1948 		case IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT:
1949 			offset = 0;
1950 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1951 						   &value2, sizeof(value2));
1952 			printf("    Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n",
1953 			    ntohs(value2));
1954 			break;
1955 		default:
1956 			printf("    Received Opt %u len %lu\n",
1957 			    type, (unsigned long)len);
1958 			break;
1959 		}
1960 	}
1961 	return;
1962 }
1963 
1964 static void
1965 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1966 {
1967 	struct in6_addr *in6;
1968 	char ntopbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1969 	struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf;
1970 	int i, segments, origsegs, rthsize, size0, size1;
1971 
1972 	/* print fixed part of the header */
1973 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt,
1974 	    rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type);
1975 	if ((segments = inet6_rth_segments(extbuf)) >= 0) {
1976 		printf("%d segments, ", segments);
1977 		printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1978 	} else {
1979 		printf("segments unknown, ");
1980 		printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1981 		return;
1982 	}
1983 
1984 	/*
1985 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer. When calculating
1986 	 * the number of items to show keep in mind:
1987 	 *	- The size of the cmsg structure
1988 	 *	- The size of one segment (the size of a Type 0 routing header)
1989 	 *	- When dividing add a fudge factor of one in case the
1990 	 *	  dividend is not evenly divisible by the divisor
1991 	 */
1992 	rthsize = (rh->ip6r_len + 1) * 8;
1993 	if (bufsize < (rthsize + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1994 		origsegs = segments;
1995 		size0 = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, 0);
1996 		size1 = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, 1);
1997 		segments -= (rthsize - (bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0))) /
1998 		    (size1 - size0) + 1;
1999 		warnx("segments truncated, showing only %d (total=%d)",
2000 		    segments, origsegs);
2001 	}
2002 
2003 	for (i = 0; i < segments; i++) {
2004 		in6 = inet6_rth_getaddr(extbuf, i);
2005 		if (in6 == NULL)
2006 			printf("   [%d]<NULL>\n", i);
2007 		else {
2008 			if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, in6, ntopbuf,
2009 			    sizeof(ntopbuf)))
2010 				strlcpy(ntopbuf, "?", sizeof(ntopbuf));
2011 			printf("   [%d]%s\n", i, ntopbuf);
2012 		}
2013 	}
2014 
2015 	return;
2016 
2017 }
2018 
2019 static int
2020 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t v, int soff, int ii)
2021 {
2022 	int off;
2023 	int i;
2024 
2025 	off = 0;
2026 	while (off < 32) {
2027 		/* shift till we have 0x01 */
2028 		if ((v & 0x01) == 0) {
2029 			if (ii > 1)
2030 				printf("-%u", soff + off - 1);
2031 			ii = 0;
2032 			switch (v & 0x0f) {
2033 			case 0x00:
2034 				v >>= 4;
2035 				off += 4;
2036 				continue;
2037 			case 0x08:
2038 				v >>= 3;
2039 				off += 3;
2040 				continue;
2041 			case 0x04: case 0x0c:
2042 				v >>= 2;
2043 				off += 2;
2044 				continue;
2045 			default:
2046 				v >>= 1;
2047 				off += 1;
2048 				continue;
2049 			}
2050 		}
2051 
2052 		/* we have 0x01 with us */
2053 		for (i = 0; i < 32 - off; i++) {
2054 			if ((v & (0x01 << i)) == 0)
2055 				break;
2056 		}
2057 		if (!ii)
2058 			printf(" %u", soff + off);
2059 		ii += i;
2060 		v >>= i; off += i;
2061 	}
2062 	return ii;
2063 }
2064 
2065 static void
2066 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, size_t nilen)
2067 	/* ni->qtype must be SUPTYPES */
2068 {
2069 	size_t clen;
2070 	u_int32_t v;
2071 	const u_char *cp, *end;
2072 	u_int16_t cur;
2073 	struct cbit {
2074 		u_int16_t words;	/*32bit count*/
2075 		u_int16_t skip;
2076 	} cbit;
2077 #define MAXQTYPES	(1 << 16)
2078 	size_t off;
2079 	int b;
2080 
2081 	cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2082 	end = ((u_char *)ni) + nilen;
2083 	cur = 0;
2084 	b = 0;
2085 
2086 	printf("NodeInfo Supported Qtypes");
2087 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2088 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS)
2089 			printf(", compressed bitmap");
2090 		else
2091 			printf(", raw bitmap");
2092 	}
2093 
2094 	while (cp < end) {
2095 		clen = (size_t)(end - cp);
2096 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) == 0) {
2097 			if (clen == 0 || clen > MAXQTYPES / 8 ||
2098 			    clen % sizeof(v)) {
2099 				printf("???");
2100 				return;
2101 			}
2102 		} else {
2103 			if (clen < sizeof(cbit) || clen % sizeof(v))
2104 				return;
2105 			memcpy(&cbit, cp, sizeof(cbit));
2106 			if (sizeof(cbit) + ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v) >
2107 			    clen)
2108 				return;
2109 			cp += sizeof(cbit);
2110 			clen = ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v);
2111 			if (cur + clen * 8 + (u_long)ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32 >
2112 			    MAXQTYPES)
2113 				return;
2114 		}
2115 
2116 		for (off = 0; off < clen; off += sizeof(v)) {
2117 			memcpy(&v, cp + off, sizeof(v));
2118 			v = (u_int32_t)ntohl(v);
2119 			b = pr_bitrange(v, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
2120 		}
2121 		/* flush the remaining bits */
2122 		b = pr_bitrange(0, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
2123 
2124 		cp += clen;
2125 		cur += clen * 8;
2126 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) != 0)
2127 			cur += ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32;
2128 	}
2129 }
2130 
2131 static void
2132 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, int nilen)
2133 	/* ni->qtype must be NODEADDR */
2134 {
2135 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2136 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2137 	int withttl = 0;
2138 
2139 	nilen -= sizeof(struct icmp6_nodeinfo);
2140 
2141 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2142 		switch (ni->ni_code) {
2143 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
2144 			(void)printf("refused");
2145 			break;
2146 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
2147 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2148 			break;
2149 		}
2150 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_TRUNCATE)
2151 			(void)printf(" truncated");
2152 	}
2153 	putchar('\n');
2154 	if (nilen <= 0)
2155 		printf("  no address\n");
2156 
2157 	/*
2158 	 * In icmp-name-lookups 05 and later, TTL of each returned address
2159 	 * is contained in the resposne. We try to detect the version
2160 	 * by the length of the data, but note that the detection algorithm
2161 	 * is incomplete. We assume the latest draft by default.
2162 	 */
2163 	if (nilen % (sizeof(u_int32_t) + sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0)
2164 		withttl = 1;
2165 	while (nilen > 0) {
2166 		u_int32_t ttl = 0;
2167 
2168 		if (withttl) {
2169 			uint32_t t;
2170 
2171 			memcpy(&t, cp, sizeof(t));
2172 			ttl = (u_int32_t)ntohl(t);
2173 			cp += sizeof(u_int32_t);
2174 			nilen -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
2175 		}
2176 
2177 		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, cp, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)) ==
2178 		    NULL)
2179 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2180 		printf("  %s", ntop_buf);
2181 		if (withttl) {
2182 			if (ttl == 0xffffffff) {
2183 				/*
2184 				 * XXX: can this convention be applied to all
2185 				 * type of TTL (i.e. non-ND TTL)?
2186 				 */
2187 				printf("(TTL=infty)");
2188 			}
2189 			else
2190 				printf("(TTL=%u)", ttl);
2191 		}
2192 		putchar('\n');
2193 
2194 		nilen -= sizeof(struct in6_addr);
2195 		cp += sizeof(struct in6_addr);
2196 	}
2197 }
2198 
2199 static int
2200 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2201 {
2202 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2203 
2204 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2205 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2206 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2207 			return(-1);
2208 
2209 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2210 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
2211 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) {
2212 			int r;
2213 
2214 			memcpy(&r, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(r));
2215 			return(r);
2216 		}
2217 	}
2218 
2219 	return(-1);
2220 }
2221 
2222 static struct in6_pktinfo *
2223 get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2224 {
2225 	static struct in6_pktinfo pi;
2226 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2227 
2228 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2229 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2230 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2231 			return(NULL);
2232 
2233 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2234 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
2235 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))) {
2236 			memcpy(&pi, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(pi));
2237 			return(&pi);
2238 		}
2239 	}
2240 
2241 	return(NULL);
2242 }
2243 
2244 static int
2245 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2246 {
2247 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
2248 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2249 	struct ip6_mtuinfo mtuctl;
2250 
2251 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2252 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2253 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2254 			return(0);
2255 
2256 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2257 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU &&
2258 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) {
2259 			memcpy(&mtuctl, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(mtuctl));
2260 
2261 			/*
2262 			 * If the notified destination is different from
2263 			 * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info.
2264 			 * We check the scope ID only when both notified value
2265 			 * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may
2266 			 * have used the default scope zone ID for sending,
2267 			 * in which case the scope ID value is 0.
2268 			 */
2269 			if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_addr,
2270 						&dst.sin6_addr) ||
2271 			    (mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id &&
2272 			     dst.sin6_scope_id &&
2273 			     mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id !=
2274 			     dst.sin6_scope_id)) {
2275 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
2276 					printf("path MTU for %s is notified. "
2277 					       "(ignored)\n",
2278 					   pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&mtuctl.ip6m_addr,
2279 					   sizeof(mtuctl.ip6m_addr)));
2280 				}
2281 				return(0);
2282 			}
2283 
2284 			/*
2285 			 * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe
2286 			 * the kernel check?
2287 			 */
2288 			if (mtuctl.ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU)
2289 				return(0);
2290 
2291 			/* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */
2292 			return((int)mtuctl.ip6m_mtu);
2293 		}
2294 	}
2295 #endif
2296 	return(0);
2297 }
2298 
2299 /*
2300  * onint --
2301  *	SIGINT handler.
2302  */
2303 /* ARGSUSED */
2304 static void
2305 onint(int notused __unused)
2306 {
2307 	/*
2308 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the seenint flag might not
2309 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
2310 	 */
2311 	if ((options & F_HOSTNAME) && seenint != 0)
2312 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
2313 }
2314 
2315 /*
2316  * summary --
2317  *	Print out statistics.
2318  */
2319 static void
2320 summary(void)
2321 {
2322 
2323 	(void)printf("\n--- %s ping6 statistics ---\n", hostname);
2324 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
2325 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
2326 	if (nrepeats)
2327 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
2328 	if (ntransmitted) {
2329 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
2330 			(void)printf("-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
2331 		else
2332 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
2333 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
2334 			    ntransmitted));
2335 	}
2336 	if (nrcvtimeout)
2337 		printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
2338 	(void)putchar('\n');
2339 	if (nreceived && timing) {
2340 		/* Only display average to microseconds */
2341 		double num = nreceived + nrepeats;
2342 		double avg = tsum / num;
2343 		double dev = sqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
2344 		(void)printf(
2345 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
2346 		    tmin, avg, tmax, dev);
2347 		(void)fflush(stdout);
2348 	}
2349 	(void)fflush(stdout);
2350 }
2351 
2352 /*subject type*/
2353 static const char *niqcode[] = {
2354 	"IPv6 address",
2355 	"DNS label",	/*or empty*/
2356 	"IPv4 address",
2357 };
2358 
2359 /*result code*/
2360 static const char *nircode[] = {
2361 	"Success", "Refused", "Unknown",
2362 };
2363 
2364 
2365 /*
2366  * pr_icmph --
2367  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
2368  */
2369 static void
2370 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end)
2371 {
2372 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2373 	struct nd_redirect *red;
2374 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
2375 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
2376 	const u_char *cp;
2377 	size_t l;
2378 
2379 	switch (icp->icmp6_type) {
2380 	case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
2381 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2382 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
2383 			(void)printf("No Route to Destination\n");
2384 			break;
2385 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
2386 			(void)printf("Destination Administratively "
2387 			    "Unreachable\n");
2388 			break;
2389 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE:
2390 			(void)printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n");
2391 			break;
2392 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
2393 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
2394 			break;
2395 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
2396 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
2397 			break;
2398 		default:
2399 			(void)printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
2400 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2401 			break;
2402 		}
2403 		/* Print returned IP header information */
2404 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2405 		break;
2406 	case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
2407 		(void)printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n",
2408 		    (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu));
2409 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2410 		break;
2411 	case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
2412 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2413 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT:
2414 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
2415 			break;
2416 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY:
2417 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
2418 			break;
2419 		default:
2420 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
2421 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2422 			break;
2423 		}
2424 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2425 		break;
2426 	case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
2427 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: ");
2428 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2429 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER:
2430 			(void)printf("Erroneous Header ");
2431 			break;
2432 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER:
2433 			(void)printf("Unknown Nextheader ");
2434 			break;
2435 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION:
2436 			(void)printf("Unrecognized Option ");
2437 			break;
2438 		default:
2439 			(void)printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code);
2440 			break;
2441 		}
2442 		(void)printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n",
2443 		    (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr));
2444 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2445 		break;
2446 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
2447 		(void)printf("Echo Request");
2448 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2449 		break;
2450 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
2451 		(void)printf("Echo Reply");
2452 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2453 		break;
2454 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
2455 		(void)printf("Listener Query");
2456 		break;
2457 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
2458 		(void)printf("Listener Report");
2459 		break;
2460 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
2461 		(void)printf("Listener Done");
2462 		break;
2463 	case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
2464 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation");
2465 		break;
2466 	case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
2467 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement");
2468 		break;
2469 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
2470 		(void)printf("Neighbor Solicitation");
2471 		break;
2472 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
2473 		(void)printf("Neighbor Advertisement");
2474 		break;
2475 	case ND_REDIRECT:
2476 		red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp;
2477 		(void)printf("Redirect\n");
2478 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf,
2479 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2480 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2481 		(void)printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf);
2482 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf,
2483 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2484 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2485 		(void)printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf);
2486 		break;
2487 	case ICMP6_NI_QUERY:
2488 		(void)printf("Node Information Query");
2489 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2490 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2491 		l = end - (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2492 		printf(", ");
2493 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2494 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2495 			(void)printf("NOOP");
2496 			break;
2497 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2498 			(void)printf("Supported qtypes");
2499 			break;
2500 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2501 			(void)printf("DNS name");
2502 			break;
2503 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2504 			(void)printf("nodeaddr");
2505 			break;
2506 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2507 			(void)printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2508 			break;
2509 		default:
2510 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2511 			break;
2512 		}
2513 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2514 			switch (ni->ni_code) {
2515 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6:
2516 				if (l == sizeof(struct in6_addr) &&
2517 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2518 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2519 					(void)printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2520 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2521 				} else {
2522 #if 1
2523 					/* backward compat to -W */
2524 					(void)printf(", oldfqdn");
2525 #else
2526 					(void)printf(", invalid");
2527 #endif
2528 				}
2529 				break;
2530 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN:
2531 				if (end == (u_char *)(ni + 1)) {
2532 					(void)printf(", no subject");
2533 					break;
2534 				}
2535 				printf(", subject=%s", niqcode[ni->ni_code]);
2536 				cp = (const u_char *)(ni + 1);
2537 				cp = dnsdecode(cp, end, NULL, dnsname,
2538 				    sizeof(dnsname));
2539 				if (cp != NULL)
2540 					printf("(%s)", dnsname);
2541 				else
2542 					printf("(invalid)");
2543 				break;
2544 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV4:
2545 				if (l == sizeof(struct in_addr) &&
2546 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2547 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2548 					(void)printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2549 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2550 				} else
2551 					(void)printf(", invalid");
2552 				break;
2553 			default:
2554 				(void)printf(", invalid");
2555 				break;
2556 			}
2557 		}
2558 		break;
2559 	case ICMP6_NI_REPLY:
2560 		(void)printf("Node Information Reply");
2561 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2562 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2563 		printf(", ");
2564 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2565 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2566 			(void)printf("NOOP");
2567 			break;
2568 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2569 			(void)printf("Supported qtypes");
2570 			break;
2571 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2572 			(void)printf("DNS name");
2573 			break;
2574 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2575 			(void)printf("nodeaddr");
2576 			break;
2577 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2578 			(void)printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2579 			break;
2580 		default:
2581 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2582 			break;
2583 		}
2584 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2585 			if (ni->ni_code > nitems(nircode))
2586 				printf(", invalid");
2587 			else
2588 				printf(", %s", nircode[ni->ni_code]);
2589 		}
2590 		break;
2591 	default:
2592 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type);
2593 	}
2594 }
2595 
2596 /*
2597  * pr_iph --
2598  *	Print an IP6 header.
2599  */
2600 static void
2601 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *ip6)
2602 {
2603 	u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
2604 	u_int8_t tc;
2605 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2606 
2607 	tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */
2608 	tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f;
2609 	tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4);
2610 
2611 	printf("Vr TC  Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n");
2612 	printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x  %02x   %02x\n",
2613 	    (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow),
2614 	    ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim);
2615 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2616 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2617 	printf("%s->", ntop_buf);
2618 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2619 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2620 	printf("%s\n", ntop_buf);
2621 }
2622 
2623 /*
2624  * pr_addr --
2625  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
2626  * a hostname.
2627  */
2628 static const char *
2629 pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
2630 {
2631 	static char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
2632 	int flag = 0;
2633 
2634 	if ((options & F_HOSTNAME) == 0)
2635 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
2636 
2637 	if (cap_getnameinfo(capdns, addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0,
2638 		flag) == 0)
2639 		return (buf);
2640 	else
2641 		return "?";
2642 }
2643 
2644 /*
2645  * pr_retip --
2646  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet.
2647  */
2648 static void
2649 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end)
2650 {
2651 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
2652 	int hlen;
2653 
2654 	if ((size_t)(end - (u_char *)ip6) < sizeof(*ip6)) {
2655 		printf("IP6");
2656 		goto trunc;
2657 	}
2658 	pr_iph(ip6);
2659 	hlen = sizeof(*ip6);
2660 
2661 	nh = ip6->ip6_nxt;
2662 	cp += hlen;
2663 	while (end - cp >= 8) {
2664 #ifdef IPSEC
2665 		struct ah ah;
2666 #endif
2667 
2668 		switch (nh) {
2669 		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:
2670 			printf("HBH ");
2671 			hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3;
2672 			nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt;
2673 			break;
2674 		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:
2675 			printf("DSTOPT ");
2676 			hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3;
2677 			nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt;
2678 			break;
2679 		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
2680 			printf("FRAG ");
2681 			hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
2682 			nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
2683 			break;
2684 		case IPPROTO_ROUTING:
2685 			printf("RTHDR ");
2686 			hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3;
2687 			nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt;
2688 			break;
2689 #ifdef IPSEC
2690 		case IPPROTO_AH:
2691 			printf("AH ");
2692 			memcpy(&ah, cp, sizeof(ah));
2693 			hlen = (ah.ah_len+2) << 2;
2694 			nh = ah.ah_nxt;
2695 			break;
2696 #endif
2697 		case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
2698 			printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n",
2699 			    *cp, *(cp + 1));
2700 			return;
2701 		case IPPROTO_ESP:
2702 			printf("ESP\n");
2703 			return;
2704 		case IPPROTO_TCP:
2705 			printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2706 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2707 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2708 			return;
2709 		case IPPROTO_UDP:
2710 			printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2711 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2712 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2713 			return;
2714 		default:
2715 			printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh);
2716 			return;
2717 		}
2718 
2719 		if ((cp += hlen) >= end)
2720 			goto trunc;
2721 	}
2722 	if (end - cp < 8)
2723 		goto trunc;
2724 
2725 	putchar('\n');
2726 	return;
2727 
2728   trunc:
2729 	printf("...\n");
2730 	return;
2731 }
2732 
2733 static void
2734 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
2735 {
2736 	int ii, jj, kk;
2737 	int pat[16];
2738 	char *cp;
2739 
2740 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
2741 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
2742 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
2743 	ii = sscanf(patp,
2744 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
2745 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
2746 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
2747 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
2748 
2749 /* xxx */
2750 	if (ii > 0)
2751 		for (kk = 0;
2752 		    (size_t)kk <= MAXDATALEN - 8 + sizeof(struct tv32) + ii;
2753 		    kk += ii)
2754 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2755 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
2756 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
2757 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
2758 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2759 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
2760 		(void)printf("\n");
2761 	}
2762 }
2763 
2764 #ifdef IPSEC
2765 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
2766 static int
2767 setpolicy(int so __unused, char *policy)
2768 {
2769 	char *buf;
2770 
2771 	if (policy == NULL)
2772 		return 0;	/* ignore */
2773 
2774 	buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
2775 	if (buf == NULL)
2776 		errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
2777 	if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, buf,
2778 	    ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
2779 		warnx("Unable to set IPsec policy");
2780 	free(buf);
2781 
2782 	return 0;
2783 }
2784 #endif
2785 #endif
2786 
2787 static char *
2788 nigroup(char *name, int nig_oldmcprefix)
2789 {
2790 	char *p;
2791 	char *q;
2792 	MD5_CTX ctxt;
2793 	u_int8_t digest[16];
2794 	u_int8_t c;
2795 	size_t l;
2796 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
2797 	struct in6_addr in6;
2798 	int valid;
2799 
2800 	p = strchr(name, '.');
2801 	if (!p)
2802 		p = name + strlen(name);
2803 	l = p - name;
2804 	if (l > 63 || l > sizeof(hbuf) - 1)
2805 		return NULL;	/*label too long*/
2806 	strncpy(hbuf, name, l);
2807 	hbuf[(int)l] = '\0';
2808 
2809 	for (q = name; *q; q++) {
2810 		if (isupper(*(unsigned char *)q))
2811 			*q = tolower(*(unsigned char *)q);
2812 	}
2813 
2814 	/* generate 16 bytes of pseudo-random value. */
2815 	memset(&ctxt, 0, sizeof(ctxt));
2816 	MD5Init(&ctxt);
2817 	c = l & 0xff;
2818 	MD5Update(&ctxt, &c, sizeof(c));
2819 	MD5Update(&ctxt, (unsigned char *)name, l);
2820 	MD5Final(digest, &ctxt);
2821 
2822 	if (nig_oldmcprefix) {
2823 		/* draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup */
2824 		valid = inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:0000:0000", &in6);
2825 	} else {
2826 		/* RFC 4620 */
2827 		valid = inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:ff00:0000", &in6);
2828 	}
2829 	if (valid != 1)
2830 		return NULL;	/*XXX*/
2831 
2832 	if (nig_oldmcprefix) {
2833 		/* draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup */
2834 		bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[12], 4);
2835 	} else {
2836 		/* RFC 4620 */
2837 		bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[13], 3);
2838 	}
2839 
2840 	if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) == NULL)
2841 		return NULL;
2842 
2843 	return strdup(hbuf);
2844 }
2845 
2846 static cap_channel_t *
2847 capdns_setup(void)
2848 {
2849 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
2850 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
2851 	const char *types[2];
2852 	int families[1];
2853 #endif
2854 	capcas = cap_init();
2855 	if (capcas == NULL)
2856 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
2857 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
2858 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
2859 	cap_close(capcas);
2860 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
2861 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
2862 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
2863 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
2864 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
2865 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, nitems(types)) < 0)
2866 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
2867 	families[0] = AF_INET6;
2868 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, nitems(families)) < 0)
2869 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
2870 #endif
2871 	return (capdnsloc);
2872 }
2873