xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision e21f96a811d9776f976751b01ac7975eeffcdeb2)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <signal.h>
95 #include <stdio.h>
96 #include <stdlib.h>
97 #include <string.h>
98 #include <sysexits.h>
99 #include <time.h>
100 #include <unistd.h>
101 
102 #include "utils.h"
103 
104 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
105 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
106 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
107 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
108 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
109 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
110 					/* runs out of buffer space */
111 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
112 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
113 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
114 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
115 #define	MAXTOS		255
116 
117 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
118 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
119 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
120 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
121 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
122 
123 struct tv32 {
124 	int32_t tv32_sec;
125 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
126 };
127 
128 /* various options */
129 static int options;
130 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
131 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
132 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
133 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
134 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
135 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
136 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
137 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
138 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
139 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
140 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
141 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
142 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
143 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
144 #ifdef IPSEC
145 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
146 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
147 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
148 #endif /*IPSEC*/
149 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
150 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
151 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
152 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
153 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
154 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
155 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
156 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
157 
158 /*
159  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
160  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
161  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
162  */
163 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
164 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
165 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
166 
167 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
168 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
169 static int maxpayload;
170 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
171 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
172 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
173 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
174 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
175 static char DOT = '.';
176 static char *hostname;
177 static char *shostname;
178 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
179 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
180 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
181 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
182 static int phdr_len = 0;
183 static int send_len;
184 
185 /* counters */
186 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
187 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
188 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
189 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
190 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
191 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
192 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
193 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
194 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
195 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
196 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
197 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
198 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
199 
200 /* timing */
201 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
202 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
203 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
204 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
205 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
206 
207 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
208 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
209 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
210 
211 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
212 
213 static void fill(char *, char *);
214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
215 static void check_status(void);
216 static void finish(void) __dead2;
217 static void pinger(void);
218 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
219 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
220 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
221 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
222 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
223 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
224 static void status(int);
225 static void stopit(int);
226 static void usage(void) __dead2;
227 
228 int
229 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
230 {
231 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
232 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
233 	struct timespec last, intvl;
234 	struct iovec iov;
235 	struct ip *ip;
236 	struct msghdr msg;
237 	struct sigaction si_sa;
238 	size_t sz;
239 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
240 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
241 	struct hostent *hp;
242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
243 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
244 #endif
245 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
246 	double t;
247 	u_long alarmtimeout;
248 	long ltmp;
249 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
250 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
251 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
252 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
254 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
255 #endif
256 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
257 
258 	payload = source = NULL;
259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
260 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
261 #endif
262 	cap_rights_t rights;
263 
264 	options |= F_NUMERIC;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
268 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
269 	 * after arg parsing.
270 	 *
271 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
272 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
273 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
274 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
275 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
276 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
277 	 * packets.
278 	 */
279 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280 	ssend_errno = errno;
281 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282 	srecv_errno = errno;
283 
284 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
285 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
286 	uid = getuid();
287 
288 	if (ssend < 0) {
289 		errno = ssend_errno;
290 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
291 	}
292 
293 	if (srecv < 0) {
294 		errno = srecv_errno;
295 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
296 	}
297 
298 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
299 
300 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
301 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
302 		"Aac:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
303 #ifdef IPSEC
304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
305 		"P:"
306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
307 #endif /*IPSEC*/
308 		)) != -1)
309 	{
310 		switch(ch) {
311 		case 'A':
312 			options |= F_MISSED;
313 			break;
314 		case 'a':
315 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
316 			break;
317 		case 'c':
318 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
319 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
320 				errx(EX_USAGE,
321 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
322 				    optarg);
323 			npackets = ltmp;
324 			break;
325 		case 'D':
326 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
327 			df = 1;
328 			break;
329 		case 'd':
330 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
331 			break;
332 		case 'f':
333 			if (uid) {
334 				errno = EPERM;
335 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
336 			}
337 			options |= F_FLOOD;
338 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
339 			break;
340 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
341 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
342 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
343 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
344 				    optarg);
345 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
346 				errno = EPERM;
347 				err(EX_NOPERM,
348 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
349 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
350 			}
351 			options |= F_SWEEP;
352 			sweepmax = ltmp;
353 			break;
354 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
355 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
356 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
357 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
358 				    optarg);
359 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
360 				errno = EPERM;
361 				err(EX_NOPERM,
362 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
363 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
364 			}
365 			options |= F_SWEEP;
366 			sweepmin = ltmp;
367 			break;
368 		case 'H':
369 			options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
370 			break;
371 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
372 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
373 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
374 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
375 				    optarg);
376 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
377 				errno = EPERM;
378 				err(EX_NOPERM,
379 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
380 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
381 			}
382 			options |= F_SWEEP;
383 			sweepincr = ltmp;
384 			break;
385 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
386 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
387 				errx(EX_USAGE,
388 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
389 				    optarg);
390 			options |= F_MIF;
391 			break;
392 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
393 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
394 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
395 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
396 				    optarg);
397 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
398 			interval = (int)t;
399 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
400 				errno = EPERM;
401 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
402 			}
403 			break;
404 		case 'L':
405 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
406 			loop = 0;
407 			break;
408 		case 'l':
409 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
410 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
411 				errx(EX_USAGE,
412 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
413 			if (uid) {
414 				errno = EPERM;
415 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
416 			}
417 			preload = ltmp;
418 			break;
419 		case 'M':
420 			switch(optarg[0]) {
421 			case 'M':
422 			case 'm':
423 				options |= F_MASK;
424 				break;
425 			case 'T':
426 			case 't':
427 				options |= F_TIME;
428 				break;
429 			default:
430 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
431 				break;
432 			}
433 			break;
434 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
435 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
436 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
437 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
438 			ttl = ltmp;
439 			options |= F_TTL;
440 			break;
441 		case 'n':
442 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
443 			break;
444 		case 'o':
445 			options |= F_ONCE;
446 			break;
447 #ifdef IPSEC
448 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
449 		case 'P':
450 			options |= F_POLICY;
451 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
452 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
453 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
454 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
455 			else
456 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
457 			break;
458 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
459 #endif /*IPSEC*/
460 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
461 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
462 			payload = optarg;
463 			break;
464 		case 'Q':
465 			options |= F_QUIET2;
466 			break;
467 		case 'q':
468 			options |= F_QUIET;
469 			break;
470 		case 'R':
471 			options |= F_RROUTE;
472 			break;
473 		case 'r':
474 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
475 			break;
476 		case 'S':
477 			source = optarg;
478 			break;
479 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
480 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
481 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
482 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
483 				    optarg);
484 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
485 				errno = EPERM;
486 				err(EX_NOPERM,
487 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
488 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
489 			}
490 			datalen = ltmp;
491 			break;
492 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
493 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
494 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
495 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
496 				    optarg);
497 			mttl = ltmp;
498 			options |= F_MTTL;
499 			break;
500 		case 't':
501 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
502 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
503 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
504 				    optarg);
505 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
506 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
507 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
508 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
509 			break;
510 		case 'v':
511 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
512 			break;
513 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
514 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
515 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
516 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
517 				    optarg);
518 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
519 			waittime = (int)t;
520 			break;
521 		case 'z':
522 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
523 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
524 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
525 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
526 			tos = ltmp;
527 			break;
528 		default:
529 			usage();
530 		}
531 	}
532 
533 	if (argc - optind != 1)
534 		usage();
535 	target = argv[optind];
536 
537 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
538 	case 0: break;
539 	case F_MASK:
540 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
541 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
542 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
543 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
544 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
545 		break;
546 	case F_TIME:
547 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
548 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
549 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
550 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
551 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
552 		break;
553 	default:
554 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
555 		break;
556 	}
557 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
558 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
559 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
560 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
561 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
562 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
563 		    maxpayload);
564 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
565 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
566 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
567 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
568 	}
569 	capdns = capdns_setup();
570 	if (source) {
571 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
572 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
573 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
574 			shostname = source;
575 		} else {
576 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
577 			if (!hp)
578 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
579 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
580 
581 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
582 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
583 			    hp->h_length < 0)
584 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
585 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
586 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
587 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
588 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
589 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
590 			shostname = snamebuf;
591 		}
592 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
593 		    -1)
594 			err(1, "bind");
595 	}
596 
597 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
598 	to = &whereto;
599 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
600 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
601 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
602 		hostname = target;
603 	} else {
604 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
605 		if (!hp)
606 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
608 
609 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
610 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
611 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
612 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
613 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
614 		hostname = hnamebuf;
615 	}
616 
617 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
618 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
619 	if (capdns != NULL) {
620 		const char *types[1];
621 
622 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
623 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
624 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
625 	}
626 #endif
627 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
628 		err(1, "connect");
629 
630 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
631 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
632 
633 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
634 		errx(EX_USAGE,
635 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
636 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
637 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
638 		errx(EX_USAGE,
639 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
640 
641 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
642 		timing = 1;
643 
644 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
645 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
646 			*datap++ = i;
647 
648 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
649 
650 	hold = 1;
651 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
652 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
653 		    sizeof(hold));
654 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
655 		    sizeof(hold));
656 	}
657 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
658 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
659 		    sizeof(hold));
660 #ifdef IPSEC
661 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
662 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
663 		char *buf;
664 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
665 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
666 			if (buf == NULL)
667 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
668 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
669 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
670 				err(EX_CONFIG,
671 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
672 			free(buf);
673 		}
674 
675 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
676 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
677 			if (buf == NULL)
678 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
679 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
680 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
681 				err(EX_CONFIG,
682 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
683 			free(buf);
684 		}
685 	}
686 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
687 #endif /*IPSEC*/
688 
689 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
690 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
691 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
692 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
693 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
694 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
695 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
696 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
697 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
698 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
699 		}
700 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
701 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
702 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
703 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
704 		ip->ip_id = 0;
705 		ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
706 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
707 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
708 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
709 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
710         }
711 
712 	/*
713 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
714 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
715 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
716 	 */
717 	caph_cache_catpages();
718 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
719 		err(1, "cap_enter");
720 
721 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
722 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
723 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
724 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
725 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
726 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
727 
728 	/* record route option */
729 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
730 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
731 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
732 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
733 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
734 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
735 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
736 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
737 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
738 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
739 #else
740 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
741 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
742 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
743 	}
744 
745 	if (options & F_TTL) {
746 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
747 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
748 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
749 		}
750 	}
751 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
752 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
753 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
754 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
755 		}
756 	}
757 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
758 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
759 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
760 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
761 		}
762 	}
763 	if (options & F_MIF) {
764 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
765 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
766 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
767 		}
768 	}
769 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
770 	{
771 		int on = 1;
772 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
773 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
774 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
775 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
776 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
777 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
778 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
779 	}
780 #endif
781 	if (sweepmax) {
782 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
783 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
784 
785 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
786 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
787 
788 		if (npackets > 0) {
789 			snpackets = npackets;
790 			npackets = 0;
791 		} else
792 			snpackets = 1;
793 		datalen = sweepmin;
794 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
795 	}
796 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
797 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
798 
799 	/*
800 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
801 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
802 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
803 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
804 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
805 	 */
806 
807 	/*
808 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
809 	 * as well.
810 	 */
811 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
812 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
813 	    sizeof(hold));
814 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
815 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
816 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
817 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
818 	if (uid == 0)
819 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
820 		    sizeof(hold));
821 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
822 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
823 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
824 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
825 
826 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
827 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
828 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
829 		if (source)
830 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
831 		if (sweepmax)
832 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
833 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
834 		else
835 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
836 
837 	} else {
838 		if (sweepmax)
839 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
840 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
841 		else
842 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
843 	}
844 
845 	/*
846 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
847 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
848 	 */
849 
850 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
851 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
852 
853 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
854 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
855 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
856 	}
857 
858 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
859 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
860 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
861 	}
862 
863         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
864 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
865 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
866 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
867         }
868 
869 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
870 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
871 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
872 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
873 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
874 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
875 #endif
876 	iov.iov_base = packet;
877 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
878 
879 	if (preload == 0)
880 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
881 	else {
882 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
883 			preload = npackets;
884 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
885 			pinger();
886 	}
887 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
888 
889 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
890 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
891 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
892 	} else {
893 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
894 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
895 	}
896 
897 	almost_done = 0;
898 	while (!finish_up) {
899 		struct timespec now, timeout;
900 		fd_set rfds;
901 		int cc, n;
902 
903 		check_status();
904 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
905 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
906 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
907 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
908 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
909 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
910 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
911 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
912 			timespecclear(&timeout);
913 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
914 		if (n < 0)
915 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
916 		if (n == 1) {
917 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
918 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
919 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
920 
921 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
922 #endif
923 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
924 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
925 				if (errno == EINTR)
926 					continue;
927 				warn("recvmsg");
928 				continue;
929 			}
930 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
931 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
932 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
933 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
934 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
935 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
936 				tv = &now;
937 			}
938 #endif
939 			if (tv == NULL) {
940 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
941 				tv = &now;
942 			}
943 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
944 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
945 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
946 				break;
947 		}
948 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
949 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
950 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
951 					*datap++ = i;
952 				datalen += sweepincr;
953 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
954 					break;
955 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
956 				sntransmitted = 0;
957 			}
958 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
959 				pinger();
960 			else {
961 				if (almost_done)
962 					break;
963 				almost_done = 1;
964 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
965 				if (nreceived) {
966 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
967 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
968 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
969 				} else {
970 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
971 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
972 				}
973 			}
974 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
975 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
976 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
977 				if (options & F_MISSED)
978 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
979 			}
980 		}
981 	}
982 	finish();
983 	/* NOTREACHED */
984 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
985 }
986 
987 /*
988  * stopit --
989  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
990  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
991  * to be called from a signal handler.
992  */
993 void
994 stopit(int sig __unused)
995 {
996 
997 	/*
998 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
999 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1000 	 */
1001 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1002 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1003 	finish_up = 1;
1004 }
1005 
1006 /*
1007  * pinger --
1008  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1009  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1010  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1011  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1012  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1013  */
1014 static void
1015 pinger(void)
1016 {
1017 	struct timespec now;
1018 	struct tv32 tv32;
1019 	struct ip *ip;
1020 	struct icmp *icp;
1021 	int cc, i;
1022 	u_char *packet;
1023 
1024 	packet = outpack;
1025 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1026 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1027 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
1028 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1029 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1030 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1031 
1032 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1033 
1034 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1035 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1036 		/*
1037 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1038 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1039 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1040 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1041 		 */
1042 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1043 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1044 		if (options & F_TIME)
1045 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1046 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1047 		if (timing)
1048 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1049 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1050 			    sizeof(tv32));
1051 	}
1052 
1053 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1054 
1055 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1056 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_char *)icp, cc);
1057 
1058 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1059 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1060 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1061 		ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1062 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1063 		packet = outpackhdr;
1064 	}
1065 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1066 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1067 		if (i < 0) {
1068 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1069 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1070 				return;
1071 			}
1072 			warn("sendto");
1073 		} else {
1074 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1075 			     hostname, i, cc);
1076 		}
1077 	}
1078 	ntransmitted++;
1079 	sntransmitted++;
1080 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1081 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1082 }
1083 
1084 /*
1085  * pr_pack --
1086  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1087  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1088  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1089  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1090  */
1091 static void
1092 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1093 {
1094 	struct in_addr ina;
1095 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1096 	struct icmp *icp;
1097 	struct ip *ip;
1098 	const void *tp;
1099 	double triptime;
1100 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1101 	uint16_t seq;
1102 	static int old_rrlen;
1103 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1104 
1105 	/* Check the IP header */
1106 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1107 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1108 	recv_len = cc;
1109 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1110 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1111 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1112 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1113 		return;
1114 	}
1115 
1116 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1117 	cc -= hlen;
1118 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1119 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1120 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1121 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1122 		++nreceived;
1123 		triptime = 0.0;
1124 		if (timing) {
1125 			struct timespec tv1;
1126 			struct tv32 tv32;
1127 #ifndef icmp_data
1128 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1129 #else
1130 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1131 #endif
1132 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1133 
1134 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1135 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1136 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1137 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1138 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1139 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1140 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1141  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1142 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1143 				tsum += triptime;
1144 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1145 				if (triptime < tmin)
1146 					tmin = triptime;
1147 				if (triptime > tmax)
1148 					tmax = triptime;
1149 			} else
1150 				timing = 0;
1151 		}
1152 
1153 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1154 
1155 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1156 			++nrepeats;
1157 			--nreceived;
1158 			dupflag = 1;
1159 		} else {
1160 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1161 			dupflag = 0;
1162 		}
1163 
1164 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1165 			return;
1166 
1167 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1168 			++nrcvtimeout;
1169 			return;
1170 		}
1171 
1172 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1173 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1174 		else {
1175 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1176 			    pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1177 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1178 			if (timing)
1179 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1180 			if (dupflag)
1181 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1182 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1183 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1184 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1185 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1186 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1187 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1188 			}
1189 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1190 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1191 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1192 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1193 			}
1194 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1195                         	(void)printf(
1196 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1197 				     recv_len, send_len);
1198 			}
1199 			/* check the data */
1200 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1201 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1202 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1203 			i = 0;
1204 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1205 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1206 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1207 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1208 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1209 			}
1210 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1211 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1212 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1213 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1214 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1215 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1216 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1217 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1218 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1219 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1220 					}
1221 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1222 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1223 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1224 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1225 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1226 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1227 					}
1228 					break;
1229 				}
1230 			}
1231 		}
1232 	} else {
1233 		/*
1234 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1235 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1236 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1237 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1238 		 *
1239 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1240 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1241 		 * available to those not running as root.
1242 		 */
1243 #ifndef icmp_data
1244 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1245 #else
1246 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1247 #endif
1248 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1249 
1250 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1251 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1252 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1253 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1254 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1255 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1256 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1257 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1258 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1259 		} else
1260 		    return;
1261 	}
1262 
1263 	/* Display any IP options */
1264 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1265 
1266 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1267 		switch (*cp) {
1268 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1269 			hlen = 0;
1270 			break;
1271 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1272 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1273 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1274 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1275 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1276 			hlen -= 2;
1277 			cp += 2;
1278 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1279 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1280 				for (;;) {
1281 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1282 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1283 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1284 					else
1285 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1286 						     pr_addr(ina));
1287 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1288 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1289 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1290 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1291 						break;
1292 					(void)putchar('\n');
1293 				}
1294 			} else
1295 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1296 			break;
1297 		case IPOPT_RR:
1298 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1299 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1300 			hlen -= 2;
1301 			cp += 2;
1302 			if (i > j)
1303 				i = j;
1304 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1305 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1306 				old_rrlen = 0;
1307 				continue;
1308 			}
1309 			if (i == old_rrlen
1310 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1311 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1312 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1313 				hlen -= i;
1314 				cp += i;
1315 				break;
1316 			}
1317 			old_rrlen = i;
1318 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1319 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1320 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1321 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1322 				for (;;) {
1323 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1324 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1325 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1326 					else
1327 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1328 						     pr_addr(ina));
1329 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1330 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1331 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1332 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1333 						break;
1334 					(void)putchar('\n');
1335 				}
1336 			} else
1337 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1338 			break;
1339 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1340 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1341 			break;
1342 		default:
1343 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1344 			break;
1345 		}
1346 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1347 		(void)putchar('\n');
1348 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1349 	}
1350 }
1351 
1352 /*
1353  * status --
1354  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1355  */
1356 
1357 static void
1358 status(int sig __unused)
1359 {
1360 
1361 	siginfo_p = 1;
1362 }
1363 
1364 static void
1365 check_status(void)
1366 {
1367 
1368 	if (siginfo_p) {
1369 		siginfo_p = 0;
1370 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1371 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1372 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1373 		if (nreceived && timing)
1374 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1375 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1376 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1377 	}
1378 }
1379 
1380 /*
1381  * finish --
1382  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1383  */
1384 static void
1385 finish(void)
1386 {
1387 
1388 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1389 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1390 	(void)putchar('\n');
1391 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1392 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1393 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1394 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1395 	if (nrepeats)
1396 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1397 	if (ntransmitted) {
1398 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1399 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1400 		else
1401 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1402 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1403 			    ntransmitted);
1404 	}
1405 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1406 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1407 	(void)putchar('\n');
1408 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1409 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1410 		double avg = tsum / n;
1411 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1412 		(void)printf(
1413 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1414 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1415 	}
1416 
1417 	if (nreceived)
1418 		exit(0);
1419 	else
1420 		exit(2);
1421 }
1422 
1423 #ifdef notdef
1424 static char *ttab[] = {
1425 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1426 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1427 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1428 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1429 	"Echo",
1430 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1431 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1432 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1433 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1434 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1435 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1436 };
1437 #endif
1438 
1439 /*
1440  * pr_icmph --
1441  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1442  */
1443 static void
1444 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1445 {
1446 
1447 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1448 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1449 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1450 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1451 		break;
1452 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1453 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1454 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1455 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1456 			break;
1457 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1458 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1459 			break;
1460 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1461 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1462 			break;
1463 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1464 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1465 			break;
1466 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1467 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1468 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1469 			break;
1470 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1471 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1472 			break;
1473 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1474 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1475 			break;
1476 		default:
1477 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1478 			    icp->icmp_code);
1479 			break;
1480 		}
1481 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1482 #ifndef icmp_data
1483 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1484 #else
1485 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1486 #endif
1487 		break;
1488 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1489 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1490 #ifndef icmp_data
1491 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1492 #else
1493 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1494 #endif
1495 		break;
1496 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1497 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1498 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1499 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1500 			break;
1501 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1502 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1503 			break;
1504 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1505 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1506 			break;
1507 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1508 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1509 			break;
1510 		default:
1511 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1512 			break;
1513 		}
1514 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1515 #ifndef icmp_data
1516 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1517 #else
1518 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1519 #endif
1520 		break;
1521 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1522 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1523 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1524 		break;
1525 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1526 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1527 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1528 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1529 			break;
1530 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1531 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1532 			break;
1533 		default:
1534 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1535 			    icp->icmp_code);
1536 			break;
1537 		}
1538 #ifndef icmp_data
1539 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1540 #else
1541 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1542 #endif
1543 		break;
1544 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1545 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1546 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1547 #ifndef icmp_data
1548 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1549 #else
1550 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1551 #endif
1552 		break;
1553 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1554 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1555 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1556 		break;
1557 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1558 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1559 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1560 		break;
1561 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1562 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1563 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1564 		break;
1565 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1566 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1567 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1568 		break;
1569 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1570 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1571 		break;
1572 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1573 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1574 		break;
1575 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1576 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1577 		break;
1578 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1579 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1580 		break;
1581 	default:
1582 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1583 	}
1584 }
1585 
1586 /*
1587  * pr_iph --
1588  *	Print an IP header with options.
1589  */
1590 static void
1591 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1592 {
1593 	struct in_addr ina;
1594 	u_char *cp;
1595 	int hlen;
1596 
1597 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1598 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1599 
1600 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1601 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1602 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1603 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1604 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1605 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1606 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1607 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1608 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1609 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1610 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1611 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1612 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1613 	/* dump any option bytes */
1614 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1615 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1616 	}
1617 	(void)putchar('\n');
1618 }
1619 
1620 /*
1621  * pr_addr --
1622  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1623  * a hostname.
1624  */
1625 static char *
1626 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1627 {
1628 	struct hostent *hp;
1629 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1630 
1631 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1632 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1633 
1634 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1635 
1636 	if (hp == NULL)
1637 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1638 
1639 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1640 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1641 	return(buf);
1642 }
1643 
1644 /*
1645  * pr_retip --
1646  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1647  */
1648 static void
1649 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1650 {
1651 	u_char *cp;
1652 	int hlen;
1653 
1654 	pr_iph(ip);
1655 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1656 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1657 
1658 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1659 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1660 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1661 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1662 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1663 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1664 }
1665 
1666 static char *
1667 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1668 {
1669 	static char buf[11];
1670 	int hour, min, sec;
1671 
1672 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1673 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1674 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1675 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1676 
1677 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1678 
1679 	return (buf);
1680 }
1681 
1682 static void
1683 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1684 {
1685 	char *cp;
1686 	int pat[16];
1687 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1688 
1689 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1690 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1691 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1692 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1693 
1694 	}
1695 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1696 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1697 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1698 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1699 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1700 
1701 	if (ii > 0)
1702 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1703 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1704 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1705 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1706 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1707 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1708 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1709 		(void)printf("\n");
1710 	}
1711 }
1712 
1713 static cap_channel_t *
1714 capdns_setup(void)
1715 {
1716 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1717 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1718 	const char *types[2];
1719 	int families[1];
1720 #endif
1721 	capcas = cap_init();
1722 	if (capcas == NULL)
1723 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1724 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1725 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1726 	cap_close(capcas);
1727 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1728 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1729 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1730 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1731 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1732 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1733 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1734 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1735 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1736 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1737 #endif
1738 	return (capdnsloc);
1739 }
1740 
1741 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1742 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1743 #else
1744 #define	SECOPT		""
1745 #endif
1746 static void
1747 usage(void)
1748 {
1749 
1750 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1751 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1752 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1753 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1754 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1755 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1756 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1757 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1758 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1759 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1760 }
1761