xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision daf1cffce2e07931f27c6c6998652e90df6ba87e)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 static const char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 #ifndef lint
44 #if 0
45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
46 #endif
47 static const char rcsid[] =
48   "$FreeBSD$";
49 #endif /* not lint */
50 
51 /*
52  *			P I N G . C
53  *
54  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
55  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
56  *
57  * Author -
58  *	Mike Muuss
59  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
60  *	December, 1983
61  *
62  * Status -
63  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
64  * Bugs -
65  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
66  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
67  */
68 
69 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
70 
71 #include <ctype.h>
72 #include <err.h>
73 #include <errno.h>
74 #include <math.h>
75 #include <netdb.h>
76 #include <signal.h>
77 #include <stdio.h>
78 #include <stdlib.h>
79 #include <string.h>
80 #include <sysexits.h>
81 #include <termios.h>
82 #include <unistd.h>
83 
84 #include <sys/socket.h>
85 #include <sys/time.h>
86 #include <sys/uio.h>
87 
88 #include <netinet/in.h>
89 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
90 #include <netinet/ip.h>
91 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
92 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
93 #include <arpa/inet.h>
94 
95 #ifdef IPSEC
96 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
97 #endif /*IPSEC*/
98 
99 #define	PHDR_LEN	sizeof(struct timeval)
100 #define	DEFDATALEN	(64 - PHDR_LEN)	/* default data length */
101 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
102 					/* runs out of buffer space */
103 #define	MAXIPLEN	60
104 #define	MAXICMPLEN	76
105 #define	MAXPACKET	(65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */
106 #define	MAXWAIT		10		/* max seconds to wait for response */
107 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
108 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
109 
110 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
111 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
112 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
113 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
114 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
115 
116 /* various options */
117 int options;
118 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
119 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
120 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
121 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
122 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
123 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
124 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
125 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
126 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
127 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
128 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
129 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
130 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
131 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
132 #ifdef IPSEC
133 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
134 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
135 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
136 #endif /*IPSEC*/
137 
138 /*
139  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
140  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
141  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
142  */
143 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
144 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
145 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
146 
147 struct sockaddr whereto;	/* who to ping */
148 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
149 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
150 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET];
151 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
152 char DOT = '.';
153 char *hostname;
154 char *shostname;
155 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
156 int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
157 
158 /* counters */
159 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
160 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
161 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
162 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
163 int interval = 1000;		/* interval between packets, ms */
164 
165 /* timing */
166 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
167 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
168 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
169 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
170 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
171 
172 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
173 int reset_kerninfo;
174 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
175 
176 static void fill(char *, char *);
177 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
178 static void check_status(void);
179 static void finish(void) __dead2;
180 static void pinger(void);
181 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
182 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
183 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
184 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
185 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
186 static void status(int);
187 static void stopit(int);
188 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
189 static void usage(void) __dead2;
190 
191 int
192 main(argc, argv)
193 	int argc;
194 	char *const *argv;
195 {
196 	struct timeval last, intvl;
197 	struct hostent *hp;
198 	struct sockaddr_in *to, sin;
199 	struct termios ts;
200 	register int i;
201 	int ch, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0;
202 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
203 	unsigned char ttl, loop;
204 	u_char *datap, *packet;
205 	char *source = NULL, *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
206 	char snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
207 	char *ep;
208 	u_long ultmp;
209 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
210 	char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1];	/* record route space */
211 #endif
212 	struct sigaction si_sa;
213 	struct iovec iov;
214 	struct msghdr msg;
215 	struct sockaddr_in from;
216 	char ctrl[sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(struct timeval)];
217 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
218 	char *policy_in = NULL;
219 	char *policy_out = NULL;
220 #endif
221 	unsigned long alarmtimeout;
222 
223 	/*
224 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
225 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
226 	 * after arg parsing.
227 	 */
228 	s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
229 	sockerrno = errno;
230 
231 	setuid(getuid());
232 	uid = getuid();
233 
234 	alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
235 
236 	datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
237 #ifndef IPSEC
238 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != -1)
239 #else
240 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
241 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:t:vP:")) != -1)
242 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
243 #endif
244 	{
245 		switch(ch) {
246 		case 'a':
247 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
248 			break;
249 		case 'c':
250 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
251 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
252 				errx(EX_USAGE,
253 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
254 				    optarg);
255 			npackets = ultmp;
256 			break;
257 		case 'd':
258 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
259 			break;
260 		case 'f':
261 			if (uid) {
262 				errno = EPERM;
263 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
264 			}
265 			options |= F_FLOOD;
266 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
267 			break;
268 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
269 			{
270 			    double t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
271 
272 			    if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) {
273 				    errx(
274 					    EX_USAGE,
275 					     "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
276 					     optarg
277 				    );
278 			    }
279 			    options |= F_INTERVAL;
280 			    interval = (int)t;
281 			    if (uid && interval < 1000) {
282 				    errno = EPERM;
283 				    err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
284 			    }
285 			}
286 			break;
287 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
288 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
289 				errx(EX_USAGE,
290 				     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
291 				     optarg);
292 			options |= F_MIF;
293 			break;
294 		case 'l':
295 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
296 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
297 				errx(EX_USAGE,
298 				     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
299 			if (uid) {
300 				errno = EPERM;
301 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
302 			}
303 			preload = ultmp;
304 			break;
305 		case 'L':
306 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
307 			loop = 0;
308 			break;
309 		case 'n':
310 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
311 			break;
312 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
313 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
314 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
315 				break;
316 		case 'Q':
317 			options |= F_QUIET2;
318 			break;
319 		case 'q':
320 			options |= F_QUIET;
321 			break;
322 		case 'R':
323 			options |= F_RROUTE;
324 			break;
325 		case 'r':
326 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
327 			break;
328 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
329 			if (uid) {
330 				errno = EPERM;
331 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag");
332 			}
333 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
334 			if (ultmp > MAXPACKET)
335 				errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu",
336 				     ultmp);
337 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp)
338 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
339 				     optarg);
340 			datalen = ultmp;
341 			break;
342 		case 'S':
343 			source = optarg;
344 			break;
345 		case 't':
346 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
347 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
348 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
349 				    optarg);
350 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
351 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
352 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
353 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
354 			break;
355 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
356 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
357 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
358 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
359 				     optarg);
360 			ttl = ultmp;
361 			options |= F_MTTL;
362 			break;
363 		case 'v':
364 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
365 			break;
366 #ifdef IPSEC
367 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
368 		case 'P':
369 			options |= F_POLICY;
370 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
371 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
372 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
373 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
374 			else
375 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
376 			break;
377 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
378 #endif /*IPSEC*/
379 		default:
380 			usage();
381 		}
382 	}
383 
384 	if (argc - optind != 1)
385 		usage();
386 	target = argv[optind];
387 
388 	if (source) {
389 		bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
390 		sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
391 		if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) {
392 			shostname = source;
393 		} else {
394 			hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
395 			if (!hp)
396 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
397 				     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
398 
399 			sin.sin_len = sizeof sin;
400 			if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr))
401 				errx(1,"gethostbyname2: illegal address");
402 			memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
403 				sizeof (sin.sin_addr));
404 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
405 				sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
406 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
407 			shostname = snamebuf;
408 		}
409 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1)
410 			err(1, "bind");
411 	}
412 
413 	bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
414 	to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto;
415 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
416 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
417 		hostname = target;
418 	} else {
419 		hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
420 		if (!hp)
421 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
422 			     target, hstrerror(h_errno));
423 
424 		to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
425 		if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
426 			errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
427 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
428 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
429 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
430 		hostname = hnamebuf;
431 	}
432 
433 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
434 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
435 
436 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
437 		errx(EX_USAGE,
438 		     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
439 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
440 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
441 		errx(EX_USAGE,
442 		     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
443 
444 	if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
445 		timing = 1;
446 	packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN;
447 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen)))
448 		err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc");
449 
450 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
451 		for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
452 			*datap++ = i;
453 
454 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
455 
456 	if (s < 0) {
457 		errno = sockerrno;
458 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
459 	}
460 	hold = 1;
461 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
462 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
463 		    sizeof(hold));
464 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
465 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
466 		    sizeof(hold));
467 #ifdef IPSEC
468 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
469 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
470 		char *buf;
471 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
472 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
473 			if (buf == NULL)
474 				errx(EX_CONFIG, ipsec_strerror());
475 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
476 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
477 				err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
478 			free(buf);
479 		}
480 
481 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
482 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
483 			if (buf == NULL)
484 				errx(EX_CONFIG, ipsec_strerror());
485 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
486 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
487 				err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
488 			free(buf);
489 		}
490 	}
491 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
492 #endif /*IPSEC*/
493 
494 	/* record route option */
495 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
496 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
497 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
498 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
499 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
500 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
501 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
502 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
503 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
504 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
505 #else
506 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
507 		  "record route not available in this implementation");
508 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
509 	}
510 
511 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
512 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
513 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
514 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
515 		}
516 	}
517 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
518 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl,
519 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
520 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
521 		}
522 	}
523 	if (options & F_MIF) {
524 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
525 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
526 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
527 		}
528 	}
529 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
530 	{ int on = 1;
531 	if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
532 		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
533 	}
534 #endif
535 
536 	/*
537 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
538 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
539 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
540 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
541 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
542 	 */
543 	hold = 48 * 1024;
544 	(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
545 	    sizeof(hold));
546 
547 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
548 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
549 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
550 		if (source)
551 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
552 		(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
553 	} else
554 		(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
555 
556 	/*
557 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
558 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
559 	 */
560 
561 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
562 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
563 
564 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
565 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
566 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
567 	}
568 
569 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
570 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
571 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
572 	}
573 
574         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
575 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
576 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
577 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
578         }
579 
580 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
581 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
582 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
583 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
584 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
585 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
586 #endif
587 	iov.iov_base = packet;
588 	iov.iov_len = packlen;
589 
590 	if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
591 		reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
592 		ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
593 		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
594 	}
595 
596 	while (preload--)		/* fire off them quickies */
597 		pinger();
598 
599 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
600 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
601 		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
602 	} else {
603 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
604 		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
605 	}
606 
607 	pinger();			/* send the first ping */
608 	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
609 
610 	while (!finish_up) {
611 		register int cc;
612 		int n;
613 		struct timeval timeout, now;
614 		fd_set rfds;
615 
616 		check_status();
617 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
618 		FD_SET(s, &rfds);
619 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
620 		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
621 		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
622 		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
623 			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
624 			timeout.tv_sec--;
625 		}
626 		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
627 			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
628 			timeout.tv_sec++;
629 		}
630 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
631 			timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
632 		n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
633 		if (n < 0)
634 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
635 		if (n == 1) {
636 			struct timeval *t = 0;
637 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
638 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
639 
640 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
641 #endif
642 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
643 			if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
644 				if (errno == EINTR)
645 					continue;
646 				warn("recvmsg");
647 				continue;
648 			}
649 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
650 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
651 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
652 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == (sizeof *cmsg + sizeof *t)) {
653 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
654 				memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now));
655 				t = &now;
656 			}
657 #endif
658 			if (t == 0) {
659 				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
660 				t = &now;
661 			}
662 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t);
663 			if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
664 				break;
665 		}
666 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
667 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
668 				pinger();
669 			else {
670 				if (almost_done)
671 					break;
672 				almost_done = 1;
673 				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
674 				if (nreceived) {
675 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
676 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
677 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
678 				} else
679 					intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
680 			}
681 			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
682 		}
683 	}
684 	finish();
685 	/* NOTREACHED */
686 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
687 }
688 
689 /*
690  * stopit --
691  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
692  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
693  * to be called from a signal handler.
694  */
695 void
696 stopit(sig)
697 	int sig;
698 {
699 	finish_up = 1;
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * pinger --
704  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
705  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
706  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
707  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host
708  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
709  */
710 static void
711 pinger(void)
712 {
713 	register struct icmp *icp;
714 	register int cc;
715 	int i;
716 
717 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
718 	icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
719 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
720 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
721 	icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted;
722 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
723 
724 	CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
725 
726 	if (timing)
727 		(void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8],
728 		    (struct timezone *)NULL);
729 
730 	cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN;		/* skips ICMP portion */
731 
732 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
733 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
734 
735 	i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto,
736 	    sizeof(struct sockaddr));
737 
738 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
739 		if (i < 0) {
740 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
741 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
742 				return;
743 			}
744 			warn("sendto");
745 		} else {
746 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
747 			     hostname, i, cc);
748 		}
749 	}
750 	ntransmitted++;
751 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
752 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
753 }
754 
755 /*
756  * pr_pack --
757  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
758  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
759  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
760  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
761  */
762 static void
763 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
764 	char *buf;
765 	int cc;
766 	struct sockaddr_in *from;
767 	struct timeval *tv;
768 {
769 	register struct icmp *icp;
770 	register u_long l;
771 	register int i, j;
772 	register u_char *cp,*dp;
773 	static int old_rrlen;
774 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
775 	struct ip *ip;
776 	struct timeval *tp;
777 	double triptime;
778 	int hlen, dupflag;
779 
780 	/* Check the IP header */
781 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
782 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
783 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
784 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
785 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
786 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
787 		return;
788 	}
789 
790 	/* Now the ICMP part */
791 	cc -= hlen;
792 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
793 	if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
794 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
795 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
796 		++nreceived;
797 		triptime = 0.0;
798 		if (timing) {
799 			struct timeval tv1;
800 #ifndef icmp_data
801 			tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
802 #else
803 			tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
804 #endif
805 			/* Avoid unaligned data: */
806 			memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1));
807 			tvsub(tv, &tv1);
808  			triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
809  			    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
810 			tsum += triptime;
811 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
812 			if (triptime < tmin)
813 				tmin = triptime;
814 			if (triptime > tmax)
815 				tmax = triptime;
816 		}
817 
818 		if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
819 			++nrepeats;
820 			--nreceived;
821 			dupflag = 1;
822 		} else {
823 			SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
824 			dupflag = 0;
825 		}
826 
827 		if (options & F_QUIET)
828 			return;
829 
830 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
831 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
832 		else {
833 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
834 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
835 			   icp->icmp_seq);
836 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
837 			if (timing)
838 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
839 			if (dupflag)
840 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
841 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
842 				(void)printf("\a");
843 			/* check the data */
844 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN];
845 			dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN];
846 			for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
847 				if (*cp != *dp) {
848 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
849 	    i, *dp, *cp);
850 					printf("\ncp:");
851 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
852 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
853 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
854 							(void)printf("\n\t");
855 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
856 					}
857 					printf("\ndp:");
858 					cp = &outpack[8];
859 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
860 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
861 							(void)printf("\n\t");
862 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
863 					}
864 					break;
865 				}
866 			}
867 		}
868 	} else {
869 		/*
870 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
871 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
872 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
873 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
874 		 *
875 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
876 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
877 		 * available to those not running as root.
878 		 */
879 #ifndef icmp_data
880 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
881 #else
882 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
883 #endif
884 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
885 
886 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
887 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
888 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr ==
889 			 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) &&
890 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
891 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
892 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
893 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
894 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
895 		    pr_icmph(icp);
896 		} else
897 		    return;
898 	}
899 
900 	/* Display any IP options */
901 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
902 
903 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
904 		switch (*cp) {
905 		case IPOPT_EOL:
906 			hlen = 0;
907 			break;
908 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
909 			(void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
910 			hlen -= 2;
911 			j = *++cp;
912 			++cp;
913 			if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF)
914 				for (;;) {
915 					l = *++cp;
916 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
917 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
918 					l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
919 					if (l == 0) {
920 						printf("\t0.0.0.0");
921 					} else {
922 						struct in_addr ina;
923 						ina.s_addr = ntohl(l);
924 						printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
925 					}
926 				hlen -= 4;
927 				j -= 4;
928 				if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF)
929 					break;
930 				(void)putchar('\n');
931 			}
932 			break;
933 		case IPOPT_RR:
934 			j = *++cp;		/* get length */
935 			i = *++cp;		/* and pointer */
936 			hlen -= 2;
937 			if (i > j)
938 				i = j;
939 			i -= IPOPT_MINOFF;
940 			if (i <= 0)
941 				continue;
942 			if (i == old_rrlen
943 			    && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2
944 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
945 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
946 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
947 				i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4;
948 				hlen -= i;
949 				cp += i;
950 				break;
951 			}
952 			if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
953 				old_rrlen = i;
954 				bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
955 			} else
956 				old_rrlen = 0;
957 
958 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
959 			j = 0;
960 			for (;;) {
961 				l = *++cp;
962 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
963 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
964 				l = (l<<8) + *++cp;
965 				if (l == 0) {
966 					printf("\t0.0.0.0");
967 				} else {
968 					struct in_addr ina;
969 					ina.s_addr = ntohl(l);
970 					printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina));
971 				}
972 				hlen -= 4;
973 				i -= 4;
974 				j += 4;
975 				if (i <= 0)
976 					break;
977 				if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) {
978 					(void) printf("\t(truncated route)");
979 					break;
980 				}
981 				(void)putchar('\n');
982 			}
983 			break;
984 		case IPOPT_NOP:
985 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
986 			break;
987 		default:
988 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
989 			break;
990 		}
991 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
992 		(void)putchar('\n');
993 		(void)fflush(stdout);
994 	}
995 }
996 
997 /*
998  * in_cksum --
999  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1000  */
1001 u_short
1002 in_cksum(addr, len)
1003 	u_short *addr;
1004 	int len;
1005 {
1006 	register int nleft = len;
1007 	register u_short *w = addr;
1008 	register int sum = 0;
1009 	union {
1010 		u_short	us;
1011 		u_char	uc[2];
1012 	} last;
1013 	u_short answer;
1014 
1015 	/*
1016 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1017 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1018 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1019 	 */
1020 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1021 		sum += *w++;
1022 		nleft -= 2;
1023 	}
1024 
1025 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1026 	if (nleft == 1) {
1027 		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1028 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1029 		sum += last.us;
1030 	}
1031 
1032 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1033 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1034 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1035 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1036 	return(answer);
1037 }
1038 
1039 /*
1040  * tvsub --
1041  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1042  * be >= in.
1043  */
1044 static void
1045 tvsub(out, in)
1046 	register struct timeval *out, *in;
1047 {
1048 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1049 		--out->tv_sec;
1050 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1051 	}
1052 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1053 }
1054 
1055 /*
1056  * status --
1057  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1058  */
1059 
1060 static void
1061 status(sig)
1062 	int sig;
1063 {
1064 	siginfo_p = 1;
1065 }
1066 
1067 static void
1068 check_status()
1069 {
1070 	if (siginfo_p) {
1071 		siginfo_p = 0;
1072 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
1073 	"\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
1074 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1075 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0,
1076 		    nreceived ? tmin : 0.0,
1077 		    nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum,
1078 		    tmax);
1079 	}
1080 }
1081 
1082 /*
1083  * finish --
1084  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1085  */
1086 static void
1087 finish()
1088 {
1089 	struct termios ts;
1090 
1091 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1092 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1093 	(void)putchar('\n');
1094 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1095 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1096 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1097 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1098 	if (nrepeats)
1099 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1100 	if (ntransmitted) {
1101 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1102 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1103 		else
1104 			(void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1105 			    (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1106 			    ntransmitted));
1107 	}
1108 	(void)putchar('\n');
1109 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1110 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1111 		double avg = tsum / n;
1112 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1113 		printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = "
1114 		       "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1115 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1116 	}
1117 	if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
1118 		ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
1119 		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
1120 	}
1121 
1122 	if (nreceived)
1123 		exit(0);
1124 	else
1125 		exit(2);
1126 }
1127 
1128 #ifdef notdef
1129 static char *ttab[] = {
1130 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1131 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1132 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1133 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1134 	"Echo",
1135 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1136 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1137 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1138 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1139 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1140 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1141 };
1142 #endif
1143 
1144 /*
1145  * pr_icmph --
1146  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1147  */
1148 static void
1149 pr_icmph(icp)
1150 	struct icmp *icp;
1151 {
1152 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1153 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1154 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1155 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1156 		break;
1157 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1158 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1159 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1160 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1161 			break;
1162 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1163 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1164 			break;
1165 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1166 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1167 			break;
1168 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1169 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1170 			break;
1171 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1172 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1173 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1174 			break;
1175 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1176 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1177 			break;
1178 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1179 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1180 			break;
1181 		default:
1182 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1183 			    icp->icmp_code);
1184 			break;
1185 		}
1186 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1187 #ifndef icmp_data
1188 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1189 #else
1190 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1191 #endif
1192 		break;
1193 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1194 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1195 #ifndef icmp_data
1196 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1197 #else
1198 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1199 #endif
1200 		break;
1201 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1202 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1203 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1204 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1205 			break;
1206 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1207 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1208 			break;
1209 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1210 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1211 			break;
1212 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1213 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1214 			break;
1215 		default:
1216 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1217 			break;
1218 		}
1219 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1220 #ifndef icmp_data
1221 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1222 #else
1223 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1224 #endif
1225 		break;
1226 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1227 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1228 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1229 		break;
1230 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1231 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1232 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1233 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1234 			break;
1235 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1236 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1237 			break;
1238 		default:
1239 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1240 			    icp->icmp_code);
1241 			break;
1242 		}
1243 #ifndef icmp_data
1244 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1245 #else
1246 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1247 #endif
1248 		break;
1249 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1250 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1251 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1252 #ifndef icmp_data
1253 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1254 #else
1255 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1256 #endif
1257 		break;
1258 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1259 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1260 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1261 		break;
1262 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1263 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1264 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1265 		break;
1266 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1267 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1268 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1269 		break;
1270 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1271 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1272 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1273 		break;
1274 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1275 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1276 		break;
1277 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1278 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1279 		break;
1280 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1281 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1282 		break;
1283 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1284 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1285 		break;
1286 	default:
1287 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1288 	}
1289 }
1290 
1291 /*
1292  * pr_iph --
1293  *	Print an IP header with options.
1294  */
1295 static void
1296 pr_iph(ip)
1297 	struct ip *ip;
1298 {
1299 	int hlen;
1300 	u_char *cp;
1301 
1302 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1303 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1304 
1305 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1306 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1307 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1308 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1309 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1310 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1311 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1312 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1313 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1314 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1315 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1316 	/* dump any option bytes */
1317 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1318 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1319 	}
1320 	(void)putchar('\n');
1321 }
1322 
1323 /*
1324  * pr_addr --
1325  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1326  * a hostname.
1327  */
1328 static char *
1329 pr_addr(ina)
1330 	struct in_addr ina;
1331 {
1332 	struct hostent *hp;
1333 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1334 
1335 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1336 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1337 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1338 	else
1339 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1340 		    inet_ntoa(ina));
1341 	return(buf);
1342 }
1343 
1344 /*
1345  * pr_retip --
1346  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1347  */
1348 static void
1349 pr_retip(ip)
1350 	struct ip *ip;
1351 {
1352 	int hlen;
1353 	u_char *cp;
1354 
1355 	pr_iph(ip);
1356 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1357 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1358 
1359 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1360 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1361 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1362 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1363 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1364 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1365 }
1366 
1367 static void
1368 fill(bp, patp)
1369 	char *bp, *patp;
1370 {
1371 	register int ii, jj, kk;
1372 	int pat[16];
1373 	char *cp;
1374 
1375 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1376 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1377 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1378 			     "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1379 
1380 	}
1381 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1382 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1383 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1384 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1385 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1386 
1387 	if (ii > 0)
1388 		for (kk = 0;
1389 		    kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii);
1390 		    kk += ii)
1391 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1392 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1393 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1394 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1395 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1396 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1397 		(void)printf("\n");
1398 	}
1399 }
1400 
1401 static void
1402 usage()
1403 {
1404 	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1405 "usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern]",
1406 "            "
1407 #ifdef IPSEC
1408 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1409 "[-P policy] "
1410 #endif
1411 #endif
1412 "[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]",
1413 "            [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]");
1414 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1415 }
1416