xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision a3b4dcfd682d2f0dcad7e9e15dc00df2d7a283f2)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <stddef.h>
95 #include <signal.h>
96 #include <stdio.h>
97 #include <stdlib.h>
98 #include <string.h>
99 #include <sysexits.h>
100 #include <time.h>
101 #include <unistd.h>
102 
103 #include "utils.h"
104 
105 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
106 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
107 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
108 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
109 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
110 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
111 					/* runs out of buffer space */
112 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
113 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
114 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
115 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
116 #define	MAXTOS		255
117 
118 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
119 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
120 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
121 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
122 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
123 
124 struct tv32 {
125 	int32_t tv32_sec;
126 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
127 };
128 
129 /* various options */
130 static int options;
131 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
132 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
133 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
134 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
135 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
136 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
137 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
138 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
139 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
140 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
141 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
142 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
143 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
144 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
145 #ifdef IPSEC
146 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
147 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
148 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
149 #endif /*IPSEC*/
150 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
151 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
152 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
153 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
154 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
155 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
156 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
157 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
158 #define	F_IP_VLAN_PCP	0x800000
159 
160 /*
161  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
162  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
163  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
164  */
165 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
166 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
167 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
168 
169 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
170 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
171 static int maxpayload;
172 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
173 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
174 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
175 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
176 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
177 static char DOT = '.';
178 static char *hostname;
179 static char *shostname;
180 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
181 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
182 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
183 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
184 static int phdr_len = 0;
185 static int send_len;
186 
187 /* counters */
188 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
189 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
190 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
191 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
192 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
193 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
194 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
195 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
196 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
197 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
198 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
199 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
200 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
201 
202 /* timing */
203 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
204 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
205 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
206 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
207 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
208 
209 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
210 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
211 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
212 
213 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
214 
215 static void fill(char *, char *);
216 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
217 static void check_status(void);
218 static void finish(void) __dead2;
219 static void pinger(void);
220 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
221 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
222 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
223 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
224 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
225 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
226 static void status(int);
227 static void stopit(int);
228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
229 
230 int
231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
232 {
233 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
235 	struct timespec last, intvl;
236 	struct iovec iov;
237 	struct msghdr msg;
238 	struct sigaction si_sa;
239 	size_t sz;
240 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
241 	const char *errstr;
242 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
243 	struct hostent *hp;
244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
246 #endif
247 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
248 	double t;
249 	u_long alarmtimeout;
250 	long long ltmp;
251 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
252 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
253 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
254 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
255 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
256 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
257 #endif
258 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
259 
260 	payload = source = NULL;
261 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
262 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
263 #endif
264 	cap_rights_t rights;
265 
266 	options |= F_NUMERIC;
267 
268 	/*
269 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
270 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
271 	 * after arg parsing.
272 	 *
273 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
274 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
275 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
276 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
277 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
278 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
279 	 * packets.
280 	 */
281 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282 	ssend_errno = errno;
283 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
284 	srecv_errno = errno;
285 
286 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
287 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
288 	uid = getuid();
289 
290 	if (ssend < 0) {
291 		errno = ssend_errno;
292 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
293 	}
294 
295 	if (srecv < 0) {
296 		errno = srecv_errno;
297 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
298 	}
299 
300 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;
301 
302 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
303 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
304 		"AaC:c:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
305 #ifdef IPSEC
306 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
307 		"P:"
308 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
309 #endif /*IPSEC*/
310 		)) != -1)
311 	{
312 		switch(ch) {
313 		case 'A':
314 			options |= F_MISSED;
315 			break;
316 		case 'a':
317 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
318 			break;
319 		case 'C':
320 			options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
321 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr);
322 			if (errstr != NULL)
323 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
324 			pcp = ltmp;
325 			break;
326 		case 'c':
327 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
328 			if (errstr != NULL)
329 				errx(EX_USAGE,
330 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
331 				    optarg);
332 			npackets = (long)ltmp;
333 			break;
334 		case 'D':
335 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
336 			df = 1;
337 			break;
338 		case 'd':
339 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
340 			break;
341 		case 'f':
342 			if (uid) {
343 				errno = EPERM;
344 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
345 			}
346 			options |= F_FLOOD;
347 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
348 			break;
349 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
350 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
351 			if (errstr != NULL) {
352 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
353 				    optarg);
354 			}
355 			sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
356 			if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
357 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
358 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
359 				    sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
360 			}
361 			options |= F_SWEEP;
362 			break;
363 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
364 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
365 			if (errstr != NULL) {
366 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
367 				    optarg);
368 			}
369 			sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
370 			if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
371 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
372 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
373 				    sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
374 			}
375 			options |= F_SWEEP;
376 			break;
377 		case 'H':
378 			options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
379 			break;
380 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
381 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
382 			if (errstr != NULL) {
383 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
384 				    optarg);
385 			}
386 			sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
387 			if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
388 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
389 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
390 				    sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
391 			}
392 			options |= F_SWEEP;
393 			break;
394 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
395 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
396 				errx(EX_USAGE,
397 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
398 				    optarg);
399 			options |= F_MIF;
400 			break;
401 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
402 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
403 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
404 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
405 				    optarg);
406 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
407 			interval = (int)t;
408 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
409 				errno = EPERM;
410 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
411 			}
412 			break;
413 		case 'L':
414 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
415 			loop = 0;
416 			break;
417 		case 'l':
418 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
419 			if (errstr != NULL)
420 				errx(EX_USAGE,
421 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
422 			if (uid) {
423 				errno = EPERM;
424 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
425 			}
426 			preload = (int)ltmp;
427 			break;
428 		case 'M':
429 			switch(optarg[0]) {
430 			case 'M':
431 			case 'm':
432 				options |= F_MASK;
433 				break;
434 			case 'T':
435 			case 't':
436 				options |= F_TIME;
437 				break;
438 			default:
439 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
440 				break;
441 			}
442 			break;
443 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
444 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
445 			if (errstr != NULL)
446 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
447 			ttl = (int)ltmp;
448 			options |= F_TTL;
449 			break;
450 		case 'n':
451 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
452 			break;
453 		case 'o':
454 			options |= F_ONCE;
455 			break;
456 #ifdef IPSEC
457 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
458 		case 'P':
459 			options |= F_POLICY;
460 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
461 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
462 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
463 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
464 			else
465 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
466 			break;
467 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
468 #endif /*IPSEC*/
469 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
470 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
471 			payload = optarg;
472 			break;
473 		case 'Q':
474 			options |= F_QUIET2;
475 			break;
476 		case 'q':
477 			options |= F_QUIET;
478 			break;
479 		case 'R':
480 			options |= F_RROUTE;
481 			break;
482 		case 'r':
483 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
484 			break;
485 		case 'S':
486 			source = optarg;
487 			break;
488 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
489 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
490 			if (errstr != NULL)
491 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
492 				    optarg);
493 			datalen = (int)ltmp;
494 			if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) {
495 				errno = EPERM;
496 				err(EX_NOPERM,
497 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
498 				    datalen, DEFDATALEN);
499 			}
500 			break;
501 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
502 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
503 			if (errstr != NULL)
504 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
505 				    optarg);
506 			mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
507 			options |= F_MTTL;
508 			break;
509 		case 't':
510 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
511 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
512 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
513 				    optarg);
514 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
515 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
516 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
517 			{
518 				struct itimerval itv;
519 
520 				timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
521 				timerclear(&itv.it_value);
522 				itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
523 				if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
524 					err(1, "setitimer");
525 			}
526 			break;
527 		case 'v':
528 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
529 			break;
530 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
531 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
532 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
533 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
534 				    optarg);
535 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
536 			waittime = (int)t;
537 			break;
538 		case 'z':
539 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
540 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
541 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
542 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
543 			tos = ltmp;
544 			break;
545 		default:
546 			usage();
547 		}
548 	}
549 
550 	if (argc - optind != 1)
551 		usage();
552 	target = argv[optind];
553 
554 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
555 	case 0: break;
556 	case F_MASK:
557 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
558 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
559 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
560 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
561 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
562 		break;
563 	case F_TIME:
564 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
565 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
566 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
567 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
568 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
569 		break;
570 	default:
571 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
572 		break;
573 	}
574 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
575 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
576 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
577 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
578 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
579 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
580 		    maxpayload);
581 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
582 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
583 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
584 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
585 	}
586 	capdns = capdns_setup();
587 	if (source) {
588 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
589 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
590 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
591 			shostname = source;
592 		} else {
593 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
594 			if (!hp)
595 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
596 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
597 
598 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
599 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
600 			    hp->h_length < 0)
601 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
602 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
603 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
604 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
605 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
606 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
607 			shostname = snamebuf;
608 		}
609 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
610 		    -1)
611 			err(1, "bind");
612 	}
613 
614 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
615 	to = &whereto;
616 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
617 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
618 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
619 		hostname = target;
620 	} else {
621 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
622 		if (!hp)
623 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
624 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
625 
626 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
627 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
628 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
629 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
630 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
631 		hostname = hnamebuf;
632 	}
633 
634 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
635 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
636 	if (capdns != NULL) {
637 		const char *types[1];
638 
639 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
640 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
641 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
642 	}
643 #endif
644 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
645 		err(1, "connect");
646 
647 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
648 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
649 
650 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
651 		errx(EX_USAGE,
652 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
653 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
654 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
655 		errx(EX_USAGE,
656 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
657 
658 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
659 		timing = 1;
660 
661 	if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
662 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
663 			*datap++ = i;
664 
665 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
666 
667 	hold = 1;
668 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
669 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
670 		    sizeof(hold));
671 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
672 		    sizeof(hold));
673 	}
674 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
675 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
676 		    sizeof(hold));
677 	if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
678 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
679 		    sizeof(pcp));
680 	}
681 #ifdef IPSEC
682 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
683 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
684 		char *buf;
685 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
686 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
687 			if (buf == NULL)
688 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
689 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
690 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
691 				err(EX_CONFIG,
692 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
693 			free(buf);
694 		}
695 
696 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
697 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
698 			if (buf == NULL)
699 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
700 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
701 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
702 				err(EX_CONFIG,
703 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
704 			free(buf);
705 		}
706 	}
707 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
708 #endif /*IPSEC*/
709 
710 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
711 		struct ip ip;
712 
713 		memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
714 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
715 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
716 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
717 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
718 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
719 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
720 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
721 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
722 		}
723 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
724 		ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
725 		ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
726 		ip.ip_tos = tos;
727 		ip.ip_id = 0;
728 		ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
729 		ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
730 		ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
731 		ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
732 		ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
733 		memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
734         }
735 
736 	/*
737 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
738 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
739 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
740 	 */
741 	caph_cache_catpages();
742 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
743 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
744 
745 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
746 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
747 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
748 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
749 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
750 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
751 
752 	/* record route option */
753 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
754 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
755 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
756 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
757 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
758 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
759 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
760 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
761 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
762 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
763 #else
764 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
765 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
766 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
767 	}
768 
769 	if (options & F_TTL) {
770 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
771 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
772 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
773 		}
774 	}
775 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
776 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
777 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
778 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
779 		}
780 	}
781 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
782 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
783 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
784 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
785 		}
786 	}
787 	if (options & F_MIF) {
788 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
789 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
790 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
791 		}
792 	}
793 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
794 	{
795 		int on = 1;
796 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
797 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
798 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
799 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
800 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
801 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
802 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
803 	}
804 #endif
805 	if (sweepmax) {
806 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
807 			errx(EX_USAGE,
808 	    "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
809 
810 		if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
811 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");
812 
813 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
814 			errx(EX_USAGE,
815 		    "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
816 
817 		if (npackets > 0) {
818 			snpackets = npackets;
819 			npackets = 0;
820 		} else
821 			snpackets = 1;
822 		datalen = sweepmin;
823 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
824 	}
825 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
826 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
827 
828 	/*
829 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
830 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
831 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
832 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
833 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
834 	 */
835 
836 	/*
837 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
838 	 * as well.
839 	 */
840 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
841 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
842 	    sizeof(hold));
843 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
844 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
845 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
846 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
847 	if (uid == 0)
848 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
849 		    sizeof(hold));
850 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
851 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
852 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
853 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
854 
855 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
856 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
857 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
858 		if (source)
859 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
860 		if (sweepmax)
861 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
862 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
863 		else
864 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
865 
866 	} else {
867 		if (sweepmax)
868 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
869 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
870 		else
871 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
872 	}
873 
874 	/*
875 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
876 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
877 	 */
878 
879 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
880 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
881 
882 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
883 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
884 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
885 	}
886 
887 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
888 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
889 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
890 	}
891 
892         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
893 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
894 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
895 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
896         }
897 
898 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
899 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
900 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
901 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
902 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
903 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
904 	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
905 #endif
906 	iov.iov_base = packet;
907 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
908 
909 	if (preload == 0)
910 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
911 	else {
912 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
913 			preload = npackets;
914 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
915 			pinger();
916 	}
917 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
918 
919 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
920 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
921 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
922 	} else {
923 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
924 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
925 	}
926 
927 	almost_done = 0;
928 	while (!finish_up) {
929 		struct timespec now, timeout;
930 		fd_set rfds;
931 		int n;
932 		ssize_t cc;
933 
934 		check_status();
935 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
936 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
937 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
938 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
939 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
940 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
941 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
942 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
943 			timespecclear(&timeout);
944 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
945 		if (n < 0)
946 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
947 		if (n == 1) {
948 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
949 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
950 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
951 #endif
952 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
953 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
954 				if (errno == EINTR)
955 					continue;
956 				warn("recvmsg");
957 				continue;
958 			}
959 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
960 			if (cmsg != NULL &&
961 			    cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
962 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
963 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
964 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
965 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
966 				tv = &now;
967 			}
968 #endif
969 			if (tv == NULL) {
970 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
971 				tv = &now;
972 			}
973 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
974 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
975 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
976 				break;
977 		}
978 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
979 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
980 				if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
981 					break;
982 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
983 					*datap++ = i;
984 				datalen += sweepincr;
985 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
986 				sntransmitted = 0;
987 			}
988 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
989 				pinger();
990 			else {
991 				if (almost_done)
992 					break;
993 				almost_done = 1;
994 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
995 				if (nreceived) {
996 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
997 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
998 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
999 				} else {
1000 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
1001 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
1002 				}
1003 			}
1004 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1005 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1006 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1007 				if (options & F_MISSED)
1008 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1009 			}
1010 		}
1011 	}
1012 	finish();
1013 	/* NOTREACHED */
1014 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
1015 }
1016 
1017 /*
1018  * stopit --
1019  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1020  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1021  * to be called from a signal handler.
1022  */
1023 void
1024 stopit(int sig __unused)
1025 {
1026 
1027 	/*
1028 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1029 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1030 	 */
1031 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1032 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1033 	finish_up = 1;
1034 }
1035 
1036 /*
1037  * pinger --
1038  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1039  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1040  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1041  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1042  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1043  */
1044 static void
1045 pinger(void)
1046 {
1047 	struct timespec now;
1048 	struct tv32 tv32;
1049 	struct icmp icp;
1050 	int cc, i;
1051 	u_char *packet;
1052 
1053 	packet = outpack;
1054 	memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1055 	icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1056 	icp.icmp_code = 0;
1057 	icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1058 	icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1059 	icp.icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1060 
1061 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1062 
1063 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1064 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1065 		/*
1066 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1067 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1068 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1069 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1070 		 */
1071 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1072 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1073 		if (options & F_TIME)
1074 			icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1075 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1076 		if (timing)
1077 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1078 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1079 			    sizeof(tv32));
1080 	}
1081 
1082 	memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1083 
1084 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1085 
1086 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1087 	icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1088 	/* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1089 	memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1090 	    sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1091 
1092 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1093 		struct ip ip;
1094 
1095 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1096 		ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1097 		/* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1098 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1099 		    sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1100 		ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1101 		/* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1102 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1103 		    sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1104 		packet = outpackhdr;
1105 	}
1106 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1107 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1108 		if (i < 0) {
1109 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1110 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1111 				return;
1112 			}
1113 			warn("sendto");
1114 		} else {
1115 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1116 			     hostname, i, cc);
1117 		}
1118 	}
1119 	ntransmitted++;
1120 	sntransmitted++;
1121 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1122 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1123 }
1124 
1125 /*
1126  * pr_pack --
1127  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1128  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1129  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1130  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1131  */
1132 static void
1133 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1134 {
1135 	struct in_addr ina;
1136 	u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1137 	struct icmp icp;
1138 	struct ip ip;
1139 	const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1140 	double triptime;
1141 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1142 	uint16_t seq;
1143 	static int old_rrlen;
1144 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1145 	struct ip oip;
1146 	u_char oip_header_len;
1147 	struct icmp oicmp;
1148 	const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1149 
1150 	/*
1151 	 * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1152 	 * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1153 	 * first byte.
1154 	 */
1155 	memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1156 	hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1157 	memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1158 
1159 	/* Check the IP header */
1160 	recv_len = cc;
1161 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1162 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1163 			warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1164 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1165 		return;
1166 	}
1167 
1168 #ifndef icmp_data
1169 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1170 #else
1171 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1172 #endif
1173 
1174 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1175 	cc -= hlen;
1176 	memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1177 	if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1178 		if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1179 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1180 		++nreceived;
1181 		triptime = 0.0;
1182 		if (timing) {
1183 			struct timespec tv1;
1184 			struct tv32 tv32;
1185 			const u_char *tp;
1186 
1187 			tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1188 
1189 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1190 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1191 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1192 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1193 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1194 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1195 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1196  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1197 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1198 				tsum += triptime;
1199 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1200 				if (triptime < tmin)
1201 					tmin = triptime;
1202 				if (triptime > tmax)
1203 					tmax = triptime;
1204 			} else
1205 				timing = 0;
1206 		}
1207 
1208 		seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1209 
1210 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1211 			++nrepeats;
1212 			--nreceived;
1213 			dupflag = 1;
1214 		} else {
1215 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1216 			dupflag = 0;
1217 		}
1218 
1219 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1220 			return;
1221 
1222 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1223 			++nrcvtimeout;
1224 			return;
1225 		}
1226 
1227 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1228 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1229 		else {
1230 			(void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1231 			    pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1232 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1233 			if (timing)
1234 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1235 			if (dupflag)
1236 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1237 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1238 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1239 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1240 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1241 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1242 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1243 			}
1244 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1245 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1246 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1247 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1248 			}
1249 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1250                         	(void)printf(
1251 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1252 				     recv_len, send_len);
1253 			}
1254 			/* check the data */
1255 			cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1256 				icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1257 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1258 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1259 			i = 0;
1260 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1261 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1262 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1263 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1264 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1265 			}
1266 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1267 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1268 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1269 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1270 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1271 					cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1272 					    offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1273 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1274 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1275 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1276 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1277 					}
1278 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1279 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1280 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1281 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1282 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1283 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1284 					}
1285 					break;
1286 				}
1287 			}
1288 		}
1289 	} else {
1290 		/*
1291 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1292 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1293 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1294 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1295 		 *
1296 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1297 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1298 		 * available to those not running as root.
1299 		 */
1300 		memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1301 		oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1302 		memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1303 		oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1304 		memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1305 		    sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1306 
1307 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1308 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1309 		     (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1310 		     (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1311 		     (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1312 		     (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1313 		    (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1314 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1315 		    pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1316 		} else
1317 		    return;
1318 	}
1319 
1320 	/* Display any IP options */
1321 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1322 
1323 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1324 		switch (*cp) {
1325 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1326 			hlen = 0;
1327 			break;
1328 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1329 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1330 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1331 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1332 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1333 			hlen -= 2;
1334 			cp += 2;
1335 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1336 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1337 				for (;;) {
1338 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1339 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1340 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1341 					else
1342 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1343 						     pr_addr(ina));
1344 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1345 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1346 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1347 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1348 						break;
1349 					(void)putchar('\n');
1350 				}
1351 			} else
1352 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1353 			break;
1354 		case IPOPT_RR:
1355 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1356 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1357 			hlen -= 2;
1358 			cp += 2;
1359 			if (i > j)
1360 				i = j;
1361 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1362 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1363 				old_rrlen = 0;
1364 				continue;
1365 			}
1366 			if (i == old_rrlen
1367 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1368 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1369 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1370 				hlen -= i;
1371 				cp += i;
1372 				break;
1373 			}
1374 			old_rrlen = i;
1375 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1376 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1377 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1378 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1379 				for (;;) {
1380 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1381 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1382 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1383 					else
1384 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1385 						     pr_addr(ina));
1386 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1387 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1388 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1389 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1390 						break;
1391 					(void)putchar('\n');
1392 				}
1393 			} else
1394 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1395 			break;
1396 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1397 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1398 			break;
1399 		default:
1400 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1401 			break;
1402 		}
1403 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1404 		(void)putchar('\n');
1405 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1406 	}
1407 }
1408 
1409 /*
1410  * status --
1411  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1412  */
1413 
1414 static void
1415 status(int sig __unused)
1416 {
1417 
1418 	siginfo_p = 1;
1419 }
1420 
1421 static void
1422 check_status(void)
1423 {
1424 
1425 	if (siginfo_p) {
1426 		siginfo_p = 0;
1427 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1428 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1429 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1430 		if (nreceived && timing)
1431 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1432 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1433 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1434 	}
1435 }
1436 
1437 /*
1438  * finish --
1439  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1440  */
1441 static void
1442 finish(void)
1443 {
1444 
1445 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1446 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1447 	(void)putchar('\n');
1448 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1449 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1450 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1451 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1452 	if (nrepeats)
1453 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1454 	if (ntransmitted) {
1455 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1456 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1457 		else
1458 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1459 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1460 			    ntransmitted);
1461 	}
1462 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1463 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1464 	(void)putchar('\n');
1465 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1466 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1467 		double avg = tsum / n;
1468 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1469 		(void)printf(
1470 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1471 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1472 	}
1473 
1474 	if (nreceived)
1475 		exit(0);
1476 	else
1477 		exit(2);
1478 }
1479 
1480 #ifdef notdef
1481 static char *ttab[] = {
1482 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1483 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1484 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1485 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1486 	"Echo",
1487 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1488 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1489 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1490 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1491 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1492 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1493 };
1494 #endif
1495 
1496 /*
1497  * pr_icmph --
1498  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1499  */
1500 static void
1501 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1502 {
1503 
1504 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1505 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1506 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1507 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1508 		break;
1509 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1510 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1511 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1512 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1513 			break;
1514 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1515 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1516 			break;
1517 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1518 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1519 			break;
1520 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1521 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1522 			break;
1523 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1524 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1525 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1526 			break;
1527 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1528 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1529 			break;
1530 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1531 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1532 			break;
1533 		default:
1534 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1535 			    icp->icmp_code);
1536 			break;
1537 		}
1538 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1539 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1540 		break;
1541 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1542 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1543 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1544 		break;
1545 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1546 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1547 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1548 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1549 			break;
1550 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1551 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1552 			break;
1553 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1554 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1555 			break;
1556 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1557 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1558 			break;
1559 		default:
1560 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1561 			break;
1562 		}
1563 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1564 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1565 		break;
1566 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1567 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1568 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1569 		break;
1570 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1571 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1572 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1573 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1574 			break;
1575 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1576 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1577 			break;
1578 		default:
1579 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1580 			    icp->icmp_code);
1581 			break;
1582 		}
1583 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1584 		break;
1585 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1586 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1587 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1588 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1589 		break;
1590 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1591 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1592 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1593 		break;
1594 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1595 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1596 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1597 		break;
1598 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1599 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1600 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1601 		break;
1602 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1603 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1604 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1605 		break;
1606 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1607 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1608 		break;
1609 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1610 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1611 		break;
1612 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1613 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1614 		break;
1615 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1616 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1617 		break;
1618 	default:
1619 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1620 	}
1621 }
1622 
1623 /*
1624  * pr_iph --
1625  *	Print an IP header with options.
1626  */
1627 static void
1628 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1629 {
1630 	struct in_addr ina;
1631 	u_char *cp;
1632 	int hlen;
1633 
1634 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1635 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1636 
1637 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1638 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1639 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1640 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1641 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1642 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1643 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1644 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1645 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1646 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1647 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1648 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1649 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1650 	/* dump any option bytes */
1651 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1652 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1653 	}
1654 	(void)putchar('\n');
1655 }
1656 
1657 /*
1658  * pr_addr --
1659  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1660  * a hostname.
1661  */
1662 static char *
1663 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1664 {
1665 	struct hostent *hp;
1666 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1667 
1668 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1669 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1670 
1671 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1672 
1673 	if (hp == NULL)
1674 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1675 
1676 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1677 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1678 	return(buf);
1679 }
1680 
1681 /*
1682  * pr_retip --
1683  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1684  */
1685 static void
1686 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1687 {
1688 	pr_iph(ip);
1689 
1690 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1691 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1692 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1693 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1694 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1695 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1696 }
1697 
1698 static char *
1699 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1700 {
1701 	static char buf[11];
1702 	int hour, min, sec;
1703 
1704 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1705 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1706 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1707 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1708 
1709 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1710 
1711 	return (buf);
1712 }
1713 
1714 static void
1715 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1716 {
1717 	char *cp;
1718 	int pat[16];
1719 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1720 
1721 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1722 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1723 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1724 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1725 
1726 	}
1727 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1728 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1729 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1730 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1731 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1732 
1733 	if (ii > 0)
1734 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1735 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1736 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1737 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1738 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1739 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1740 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1741 		(void)printf("\n");
1742 	}
1743 }
1744 
1745 static cap_channel_t *
1746 capdns_setup(void)
1747 {
1748 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1749 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1750 	const char *types[2];
1751 	int families[1];
1752 #endif
1753 	capcas = cap_init();
1754 	if (capcas == NULL)
1755 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1756 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1757 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1758 	cap_close(capcas);
1759 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1760 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1761 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1762 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1763 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1764 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1765 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1766 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1767 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1768 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1769 #endif
1770 	return (capdnsloc);
1771 }
1772 
1773 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1774 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1775 #else
1776 #define	SECOPT		""
1777 #endif
1778 static void
1779 usage(void)
1780 {
1781 
1782 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1783 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-C pcp] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1784 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1785 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1786 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1787 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-C pcp] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1788 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1789 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1790 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1791 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1792 }
1793