xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 99f3b482da15db6f2ae4702d592b53dd36d4cf55)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #if 0
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 #endif
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 /*
48  *			P I N G . C
49  *
50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52  *
53  * Author -
54  *	Mike Muuss
55  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56  *	December, 1983
57  *
58  * Status -
59  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
60  * Bugs -
61  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
62  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63  */
64 
65 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/socket.h>
67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
68 #include <sys/time.h>
69 #include <sys/uio.h>
70 
71 #include <netinet/in.h>
72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
77 
78 #ifdef IPSEC
79 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
81 
82 #include <ctype.h>
83 #include <err.h>
84 #include <errno.h>
85 #include <math.h>
86 #include <netdb.h>
87 #include <signal.h>
88 #include <stdio.h>
89 #include <stdlib.h>
90 #include <string.h>
91 #include <sysexits.h>
92 #include <unistd.h>
93 
94 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
95 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
96 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
97 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
98 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
99 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
100 					/* runs out of buffer space */
101 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
102 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
103 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
104 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
105 #define	MAXTOS		255
106 
107 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
108 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
109 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
110 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
111 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
112 
113 struct tv32 {
114 	int32_t tv32_sec;
115 	int32_t tv32_usec;
116 };
117 
118 /* various options */
119 int options;
120 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
121 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
122 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
123 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
124 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
125 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
126 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
127 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
128 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
129 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
130 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
131 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
132 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
133 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
134 #ifdef IPSEC
135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
136 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
139 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
140 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
141 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
142 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
143 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
144 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
145 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
146 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
147 
148 /*
149  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
150  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
151  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
152  */
153 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
156 
157 struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
159 int maxpayload;
160 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
162 char BBELL = '\a';		/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
163 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
164 char DOT = '.';
165 char *hostname;
166 char *shostname;
167 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
168 int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
171 int phdr_len = 0;
172 int send_len;
173 
174 /* counters */
175 long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
176 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
177 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
178 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
179 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
180 long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
181 long snreceived;		/* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
182 long sntransmitted;		/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
183 int sweepmax;			/* max value of payload in sweep */
184 int sweepmin = 0;		/* start value of payload in sweep */
185 int sweepincr = 1;		/* payload increment in sweep */
186 int interval = 1000;		/* interval between packets, ms */
187 int waittime = MAXWAIT;		/* timeout for each packet */
188 long nrcvtimeout = 0;		/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
189 
190 /* timing */
191 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
192 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
193 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
194 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
195 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
196 
197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
199 
200 static void fill(char *, char *);
201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
202 static void check_status(void);
203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
204 static void pinger(void);
205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
211 static void status(int);
212 static void stopit(int);
213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
215 
216 int
217 main(argc, argv)
218 	int argc;
219 	char *const *argv;
220 {
221 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
222 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
223 	struct timeval last, intvl;
224 	struct iovec iov;
225 	struct ip *ip;
226 	struct msghdr msg;
227 	struct sigaction si_sa;
228 	size_t sz;
229 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET];
230 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
231 	struct hostent *hp;
232 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
233 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
234 #endif
235 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
236 	double t;
237 	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
238 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
239 	    tos, ttl;
240 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
241 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
242 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
243 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
244 #endif
245 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
246 
247 	payload = source = NULL;
248 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
249 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
250 #endif
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
254 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
255 	 * after arg parsing.
256 	 */
257 	s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
258 	sockerrno = errno;
259 
260 	setuid(getuid());
261 	uid = getuid();
262 
263 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
264 
265 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
266 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
267 		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
268 #ifdef IPSEC
269 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
270 		"P:"
271 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
272 #endif /*IPSEC*/
273 		)) != -1)
274 	{
275 		switch(ch) {
276 		case 'A':
277 			options |= F_MISSED;
278 			break;
279 		case 'a':
280 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
281 			break;
282 		case 'c':
283 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
284 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
285 				errx(EX_USAGE,
286 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
287 				    optarg);
288 			npackets = ultmp;
289 			break;
290 		case 'D':
291 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
292 			df = 1;
293 			break;
294 		case 'd':
295 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
296 			break;
297 		case 'f':
298 			if (uid) {
299 				errno = EPERM;
300 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
301 			}
302 			options |= F_FLOOD;
303 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
304 			break;
305 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
306 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
307 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
308 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
309 				    optarg);
310 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
311 				errno = EPERM;
312 				err(EX_NOPERM,
313 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
314 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
315 			}
316 			options |= F_SWEEP;
317 			sweepmax = ultmp;
318 			break;
319 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
320 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
321 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
322 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
323 				    optarg);
324 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
325 				errno = EPERM;
326 				err(EX_NOPERM,
327 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
328 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
329 			}
330 			options |= F_SWEEP;
331 			sweepmin = ultmp;
332 			break;
333 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
334 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
335 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
336 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
337 				    optarg);
338 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
339 				errno = EPERM;
340 				err(EX_NOPERM,
341 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
342 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
343 			}
344 			options |= F_SWEEP;
345 			sweepincr = ultmp;
346 			break;
347 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
348 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
349 				errx(EX_USAGE,
350 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
351 				    optarg);
352 			options |= F_MIF;
353 			break;
354 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
355 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
356 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
357 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
358 				    optarg);
359 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
360 			interval = (int)t;
361 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
362 				errno = EPERM;
363 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
364 			}
365 			break;
366 		case 'L':
367 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
368 			loop = 0;
369 			break;
370 		case 'l':
371 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
372 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
373 				errx(EX_USAGE,
374 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
375 			if (uid) {
376 				errno = EPERM;
377 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
378 			}
379 			preload = ultmp;
380 			break;
381 		case 'M':
382 			switch(optarg[0]) {
383 			case 'M':
384 			case 'm':
385 				options |= F_MASK;
386 				break;
387 			case 'T':
388 			case 't':
389 				options |= F_TIME;
390 				break;
391 			default:
392 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
393 				break;
394 			}
395 			break;
396 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
397 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
398 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
399 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
400 			ttl = ultmp;
401 			options |= F_TTL;
402 			break;
403 		case 'n':
404 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
405 			break;
406 		case 'o':
407 			options |= F_ONCE;
408 			break;
409 #ifdef IPSEC
410 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
411 		case 'P':
412 			options |= F_POLICY;
413 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
414 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
415 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
416 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
417 			else
418 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
419 			break;
420 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
421 #endif /*IPSEC*/
422 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
423 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
424 			payload = optarg;
425 			break;
426 		case 'Q':
427 			options |= F_QUIET2;
428 			break;
429 		case 'q':
430 			options |= F_QUIET;
431 			break;
432 		case 'R':
433 			options |= F_RROUTE;
434 			break;
435 		case 'r':
436 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
437 			break;
438 		case 'S':
439 			source = optarg;
440 			break;
441 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
442 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
443 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
444 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
445 				    optarg);
446 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
447 				errno = EPERM;
448 				err(EX_NOPERM,
449 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
450 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
451 			}
452 			datalen = ultmp;
453 			break;
454 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
455 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
456 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
457 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
458 				    optarg);
459 			mttl = ultmp;
460 			options |= F_MTTL;
461 			break;
462 		case 't':
463 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
464 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
465 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
466 				    optarg);
467 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
468 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
469 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
470 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
471 			break;
472 		case 'v':
473 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
474 			break;
475 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
476 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
477 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
478 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
479 				    optarg);
480 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
481 			waittime = (int)t;
482 			break;
483 		case 'z':
484 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
485 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
486 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
487 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
488 			tos = ultmp;
489 			break;
490 		default:
491 			usage();
492 		}
493 	}
494 
495 	if (argc - optind != 1)
496 		usage();
497 	target = argv[optind];
498 
499 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
500 	case 0: break;
501 	case F_MASK:
502 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
503 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
504 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
505 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
506 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
507 		break;
508 	case F_TIME:
509 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
510 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
511 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
512 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
513 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
514 		break;
515 	default:
516 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
517 		break;
518 	}
519 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
520 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
521 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
522 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
523 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
524 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
525 		    maxpayload);
526 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
527 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
528 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
529 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
530 	}
531 	if (source) {
532 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
533 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
534 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
535 			shostname = source;
536 		} else {
537 			hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
538 			if (!hp)
539 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
540 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
541 
542 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
543 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
544 			    hp->h_length < 0)
545 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
546 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
547 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
548 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
549 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
550 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
551 			shostname = snamebuf;
552 		}
553 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
554 			err(1, "bind");
555 	}
556 
557 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
558 	to = &whereto;
559 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
560 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
561 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
562 		hostname = target;
563 	} else {
564 		hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
565 		if (!hp)
566 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
567 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
568 
569 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
570 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
571 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
572 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
573 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
574 		hostname = hnamebuf;
575 	}
576 
577 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
578 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
579 
580 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
581 		errx(EX_USAGE,
582 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
583 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
584 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
585 		errx(EX_USAGE,
586 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
587 
588 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
589 		timing = 1;
590 
591 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
592 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
593 			*datap++ = i;
594 
595 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
596 
597 	if (s < 0) {
598 		errno = sockerrno;
599 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
600 	}
601 	hold = 1;
602 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
603 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
604 		    sizeof(hold));
605 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
606 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
607 		    sizeof(hold));
608 #ifdef IPSEC
609 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
610 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
611 		char *buf;
612 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
613 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
614 			if (buf == NULL)
615 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
616 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
617 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
618 				err(EX_CONFIG,
619 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
620 			free(buf);
621 		}
622 
623 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
624 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
625 			if (buf == NULL)
626 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
627 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
628 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
629 				err(EX_CONFIG,
630 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
631 			free(buf);
632 		}
633 	}
634 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
635 #endif /*IPSEC*/
636 
637 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
638 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
639 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
640 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
641 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
642 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
643 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
644 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
645 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
646 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
647 		}
648 		setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
649 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
650 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
651 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
652 		ip->ip_id = 0;
653 		ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
654 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
655 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
656 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
657 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
658         }
659 	/* record route option */
660 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
661 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
662 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
663 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
664 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
665 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
666 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
667 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
668 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
669 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
670 #else
671 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
672 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
673 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
674 	}
675 
676 	if (options & F_TTL) {
677 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
678 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
679 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
680 		}
681 	}
682 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
683 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
684 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
685 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
686 		}
687 	}
688 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
689 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
690 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
691 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
692 		}
693 	}
694 	if (options & F_MIF) {
695 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
696 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
697 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
698 		}
699 	}
700 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
701 	{ int on = 1;
702 	if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
703 		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
704 	}
705 #endif
706 	if (sweepmax) {
707 		if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
708 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
709 
710 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
711 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
712 
713 		if (npackets > 0) {
714 			snpackets = npackets;
715 			npackets = 0;
716 		} else
717 			snpackets = 1;
718 		datalen = sweepmin;
719 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
720 	}
721 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
722 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
723 
724 	/*
725 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
726 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
727 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
728 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
729 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
730 	 */
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
734 	 * as well.
735 	 */
736 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
737 	(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
738 	    sizeof(hold));
739 	if (uid == 0)
740 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
741 		    sizeof(hold));
742 
743 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
744 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
745 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
746 		if (source)
747 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
748 		if (sweepmax)
749 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
750 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
751 		else
752 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
753 
754 	} else {
755 		if (sweepmax)
756 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
757 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
758 		else
759 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
760 	}
761 
762 	/*
763 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
764 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
765 	 */
766 
767 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
768 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
769 
770 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
771 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
772 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
773 	}
774 
775 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
776 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
777 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
778 	}
779 
780         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
781 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
782 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
783 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
784         }
785 
786 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
787 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
788 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
789 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
790 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
791 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
792 #endif
793 	iov.iov_base = packet;
794 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
795 
796 	if (preload == 0)
797 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
798 	else {
799 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
800 			preload = npackets;
801 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
802 			pinger();
803 	}
804 	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
805 
806 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
807 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
808 		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
809 	} else {
810 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
811 		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
812 	}
813 
814 	almost_done = 0;
815 	while (!finish_up) {
816 		struct timeval now, timeout;
817 		fd_set rfds;
818 		int cc, n;
819 
820 		check_status();
821 		if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
822 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
823 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
824 		FD_SET(s, &rfds);
825 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
826 		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
827 		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
828 		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
829 			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
830 			timeout.tv_sec--;
831 		}
832 		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
833 			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
834 			timeout.tv_sec++;
835 		}
836 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
837 			timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
838 		n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
839 		if (n < 0)
840 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
841 		if (n == 1) {
842 			struct timeval *tv = NULL;
843 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
844 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
845 
846 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
847 #endif
848 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
849 			if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
850 				if (errno == EINTR)
851 					continue;
852 				warn("recvmsg");
853 				continue;
854 			}
855 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
856 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
857 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
858 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
859 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
860 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
861 				tv = &now;
862 			}
863 #endif
864 			if (tv == NULL) {
865 				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
866 				tv = &now;
867 			}
868 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
869 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
870 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
871 				break;
872 		}
873 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
874 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
875 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
876 					*datap++ = i;
877 				datalen += sweepincr;
878 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
879 					break;
880 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
881 				sntransmitted = 0;
882 			}
883 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
884 				pinger();
885 			else {
886 				if (almost_done)
887 					break;
888 				almost_done = 1;
889 				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
890 				if (nreceived) {
891 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
892 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
893 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
894 				} else {
895 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
896 					intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
897 				}
898 			}
899 			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
900 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
901 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
902 				if (options & F_MISSED)
903 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
904 			}
905 		}
906 	}
907 	finish();
908 	/* NOTREACHED */
909 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
910 }
911 
912 /*
913  * stopit --
914  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
915  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
916  * to be called from a signal handler.
917  */
918 void
919 stopit(sig)
920 	int sig __unused;
921 {
922 
923 	/*
924 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
925 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
926 	 */
927 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
928 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
929 	finish_up = 1;
930 }
931 
932 /*
933  * pinger --
934  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
935  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
936  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
937  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
938  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
939  */
940 static void
941 pinger(void)
942 {
943 	struct timeval now;
944 	struct tv32 tv32;
945 	struct ip *ip;
946 	struct icmp *icp;
947 	int cc, i;
948 	u_char *packet;
949 
950 	packet = outpack;
951 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
952 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
953 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
954 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
955 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
956 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
957 
958 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
959 
960 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
961 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
962 
963 		tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
964 		tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
965 		if (options & F_TIME)
966 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
967 				* 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
968 		if (timing)
969 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
970 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
971 			    sizeof(tv32));
972 	}
973 
974 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
975 
976 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
977 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
978 
979 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
980 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
981 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
982 		ip->ip_len = cc;
983 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
984 		packet = outpackhdr;
985 	}
986 	i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
987 	    sizeof(whereto));
988 
989 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
990 		if (i < 0) {
991 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
992 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
993 				return;
994 			}
995 			warn("sendto");
996 		} else {
997 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
998 			     hostname, i, cc);
999 		}
1000 	}
1001 	ntransmitted++;
1002 	sntransmitted++;
1003 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1004 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1005 }
1006 
1007 /*
1008  * pr_pack --
1009  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1010  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1011  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1012  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1013  */
1014 static void
1015 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
1016 	char *buf;
1017 	int cc;
1018 	struct sockaddr_in *from;
1019 	struct timeval *tv;
1020 {
1021 	struct in_addr ina;
1022 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1023 	struct icmp *icp;
1024 	struct ip *ip;
1025 	const void *tp;
1026 	double triptime;
1027 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1028 	static int old_rrlen;
1029 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1030 
1031 	/* Check the IP header */
1032 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1033 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1034 	recv_len = cc;
1035 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1036 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1037 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1038 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1039 		return;
1040 	}
1041 
1042 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1043 	cc -= hlen;
1044 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1045 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1046 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1047 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1048 		++nreceived;
1049 		triptime = 0.0;
1050 		if (timing) {
1051 			struct timeval tv1;
1052 			struct tv32 tv32;
1053 #ifndef icmp_data
1054 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1055 #else
1056 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1057 #endif
1058 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1059 
1060 			if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1061 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1062 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1063 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1064 				tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1065 				tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1066  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1067  				    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1068 				tsum += triptime;
1069 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1070 				if (triptime < tmin)
1071 					tmin = triptime;
1072 				if (triptime > tmax)
1073 					tmax = triptime;
1074 			} else
1075 				timing = 0;
1076 		}
1077 
1078 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1079 
1080 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1081 			++nrepeats;
1082 			--nreceived;
1083 			dupflag = 1;
1084 		} else {
1085 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1086 			dupflag = 0;
1087 		}
1088 
1089 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1090 			return;
1091 
1092 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1093 			++nrcvtimeout;
1094 			return;
1095 		}
1096 
1097 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1098 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1099 		else {
1100 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1101 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1102 			   seq);
1103 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1104 			if (timing)
1105 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1106 			if (dupflag)
1107 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1108 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1109 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1110 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1111 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1112 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1113 					pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1114 			}
1115 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1116 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1117 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1118 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1119 			}
1120 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1121                         	(void)printf(
1122 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1123 				     recv_len, send_len);
1124 			}
1125 			/* check the data */
1126 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1127 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1128 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1129 			i = 0;
1130 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1131 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1132 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1133 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1134 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1135 			}
1136 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1137 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1138 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1139 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1140 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1141 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1142 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1143 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1144 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1145 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1146 					}
1147 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1148 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1149 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1150 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1151 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1152 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1153 					}
1154 					break;
1155 				}
1156 			}
1157 		}
1158 	} else {
1159 		/*
1160 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1161 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1162 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1163 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1164 		 *
1165 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1166 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1167 		 * available to those not running as root.
1168 		 */
1169 #ifndef icmp_data
1170 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1171 #else
1172 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1173 #endif
1174 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1175 
1176 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1177 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1178 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1179 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1180 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1181 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1182 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1183 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1184 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1185 		} else
1186 		    return;
1187 	}
1188 
1189 	/* Display any IP options */
1190 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1191 
1192 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1193 		switch (*cp) {
1194 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1195 			hlen = 0;
1196 			break;
1197 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1198 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1199 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1200 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1201 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1202 			hlen -= 2;
1203 			cp += 2;
1204 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1205 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1206 				for (;;) {
1207 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1208 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1209 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1210 					else
1211 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1212 						     pr_addr(ina));
1213 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1214 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1215 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1216 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1217 						break;
1218 					(void)putchar('\n');
1219 				}
1220 			} else
1221 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1222 			break;
1223 		case IPOPT_RR:
1224 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1225 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1226 			hlen -= 2;
1227 			cp += 2;
1228 			if (i > j)
1229 				i = j;
1230 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1231 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1232 				old_rrlen = 0;
1233 				continue;
1234 			}
1235 			if (i == old_rrlen
1236 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1237 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1238 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1239 				hlen -= i;
1240 				cp += i;
1241 				break;
1242 			}
1243 			old_rrlen = i;
1244 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1245 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1246 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1247 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1248 				for (;;) {
1249 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1250 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1251 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1252 					else
1253 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1254 						     pr_addr(ina));
1255 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1256 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1257 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1258 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1259 						break;
1260 					(void)putchar('\n');
1261 				}
1262 			} else
1263 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1264 			break;
1265 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1266 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1267 			break;
1268 		default:
1269 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1270 			break;
1271 		}
1272 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1273 		(void)putchar('\n');
1274 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1275 	}
1276 }
1277 
1278 /*
1279  * in_cksum --
1280  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1281  */
1282 u_short
1283 in_cksum(addr, len)
1284 	u_short *addr;
1285 	int len;
1286 {
1287 	int nleft, sum;
1288 	u_short *w;
1289 	union {
1290 		u_short	us;
1291 		u_char	uc[2];
1292 	} last;
1293 	u_short answer;
1294 
1295 	nleft = len;
1296 	sum = 0;
1297 	w = addr;
1298 
1299 	/*
1300 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1301 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1302 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1303 	 */
1304 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1305 		sum += *w++;
1306 		nleft -= 2;
1307 	}
1308 
1309 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1310 	if (nleft == 1) {
1311 		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1312 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1313 		sum += last.us;
1314 	}
1315 
1316 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1317 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1318 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1319 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1320 	return(answer);
1321 }
1322 
1323 /*
1324  * tvsub --
1325  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1326  * be >= in.
1327  */
1328 static void
1329 tvsub(out, in)
1330 	struct timeval *out, *in;
1331 {
1332 
1333 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1334 		--out->tv_sec;
1335 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1336 	}
1337 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1338 }
1339 
1340 /*
1341  * status --
1342  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1343  */
1344 
1345 static void
1346 status(sig)
1347 	int sig __unused;
1348 {
1349 
1350 	siginfo_p = 1;
1351 }
1352 
1353 static void
1354 check_status()
1355 {
1356 
1357 	if (siginfo_p) {
1358 		siginfo_p = 0;
1359 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1360 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1361 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1362 		if (nreceived && timing)
1363 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1364 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1365 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1366 	}
1367 }
1368 
1369 /*
1370  * finish --
1371  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1372  */
1373 static void
1374 finish()
1375 {
1376 
1377 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1378 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1379 	(void)putchar('\n');
1380 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1381 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1382 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1383 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1384 	if (nrepeats)
1385 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1386 	if (ntransmitted) {
1387 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1388 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1389 		else
1390 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1391 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1392 			    ntransmitted);
1393 	}
1394 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1395 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1396 	(void)putchar('\n');
1397 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1398 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1399 		double avg = tsum / n;
1400 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1401 		(void)printf(
1402 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1403 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1404 	}
1405 
1406 	if (nreceived)
1407 		exit(0);
1408 	else
1409 		exit(2);
1410 }
1411 
1412 #ifdef notdef
1413 static char *ttab[] = {
1414 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1415 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1416 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1417 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1418 	"Echo",
1419 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1420 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1421 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1422 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1423 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1424 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1425 };
1426 #endif
1427 
1428 /*
1429  * pr_icmph --
1430  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1431  */
1432 static void
1433 pr_icmph(icp)
1434 	struct icmp *icp;
1435 {
1436 
1437 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1438 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1439 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1440 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1441 		break;
1442 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1443 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1444 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1445 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1446 			break;
1447 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1448 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1449 			break;
1450 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1451 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1452 			break;
1453 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1454 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1455 			break;
1456 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1457 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1458 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1459 			break;
1460 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1461 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1462 			break;
1463 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1464 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1465 			break;
1466 		default:
1467 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1468 			    icp->icmp_code);
1469 			break;
1470 		}
1471 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1472 #ifndef icmp_data
1473 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1474 #else
1475 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1476 #endif
1477 		break;
1478 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1479 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1480 #ifndef icmp_data
1481 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1482 #else
1483 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1484 #endif
1485 		break;
1486 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1487 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1488 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1489 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1490 			break;
1491 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1492 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1493 			break;
1494 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1495 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1496 			break;
1497 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1498 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1499 			break;
1500 		default:
1501 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1502 			break;
1503 		}
1504 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1505 #ifndef icmp_data
1506 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1507 #else
1508 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1509 #endif
1510 		break;
1511 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1512 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1513 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1514 		break;
1515 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1516 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1517 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1518 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1519 			break;
1520 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1521 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1522 			break;
1523 		default:
1524 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1525 			    icp->icmp_code);
1526 			break;
1527 		}
1528 #ifndef icmp_data
1529 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1530 #else
1531 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1532 #endif
1533 		break;
1534 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1535 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1536 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1537 #ifndef icmp_data
1538 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1539 #else
1540 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1541 #endif
1542 		break;
1543 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1544 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1545 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1546 		break;
1547 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1548 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1549 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1550 		break;
1551 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1552 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1553 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1554 		break;
1555 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1556 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1557 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1558 		break;
1559 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1560 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1561 		break;
1562 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1563 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1564 		break;
1565 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1566 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1567 		break;
1568 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1569 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1570 		break;
1571 	default:
1572 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1573 	}
1574 }
1575 
1576 /*
1577  * pr_iph --
1578  *	Print an IP header with options.
1579  */
1580 static void
1581 pr_iph(ip)
1582 	struct ip *ip;
1583 {
1584 	u_char *cp;
1585 	int hlen;
1586 
1587 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1588 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1589 
1590 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1591 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1592 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1593 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1594 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1595 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1596 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1597 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1598 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1599 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1600 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1601 	/* dump any option bytes */
1602 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1603 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1604 	}
1605 	(void)putchar('\n');
1606 }
1607 
1608 /*
1609  * pr_addr --
1610  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1611  * a hostname.
1612  */
1613 static char *
1614 pr_addr(ina)
1615 	struct in_addr ina;
1616 {
1617 	struct hostent *hp;
1618 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1619 
1620 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1621 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1622 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1623 	else
1624 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1625 		    inet_ntoa(ina));
1626 	return(buf);
1627 }
1628 
1629 /*
1630  * pr_retip --
1631  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1632  */
1633 static void
1634 pr_retip(ip)
1635 	struct ip *ip;
1636 {
1637 	u_char *cp;
1638 	int hlen;
1639 
1640 	pr_iph(ip);
1641 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1642 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1643 
1644 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1645 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1646 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1647 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1648 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1649 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1650 }
1651 
1652 static char *
1653 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1654 {
1655 	static char buf[10];
1656 	int hour, min, sec;
1657 
1658 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1659 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1660 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1661 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1662 
1663 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1664 
1665 	return (buf);
1666 }
1667 
1668 static void
1669 fill(bp, patp)
1670 	char *bp, *patp;
1671 {
1672 	char *cp;
1673 	int pat[16];
1674 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1675 
1676 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1677 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1678 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1679 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1680 
1681 	}
1682 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1683 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1684 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1685 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1686 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1687 
1688 	if (ii > 0)
1689 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1690 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1691 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1692 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1693 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1694 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1695 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1696 		(void)printf("\n");
1697 	}
1698 }
1699 
1700 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1701 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1702 #else
1703 #define	SECOPT		""
1704 #endif
1705 static void
1706 usage()
1707 {
1708 
1709 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1710 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1711 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1712 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1713 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1714 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1715 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1716 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1717 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1718 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1719 }
1720