xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 96190b4fef3b4a0cc3ca0606b0c4e3e69a5e6717)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 /*
36  *			P I N G . C
37  *
38  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
39  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
40  *
41  * Author -
42  *	Mike Muuss
43  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
44  *	December, 1983
45  *
46  * Status -
47  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
48  * Bugs -
49  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
50  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
51  */
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
54 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
55 #include <sys/socket.h>
56 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
57 #include <sys/time.h>
58 #include <sys/uio.h>
59 
60 #include <netinet/in.h>
61 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
62 #include <netinet/ip.h>
63 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
64 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
65 #include <arpa/inet.h>
66 
67 #include <libcasper.h>
68 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
69 
70 #ifdef IPSEC
71 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
72 #endif /*IPSEC*/
73 
74 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
75 #include <ctype.h>
76 #include <err.h>
77 #include <errno.h>
78 #include <netdb.h>
79 #include <stddef.h>
80 #include <signal.h>
81 #include <stdio.h>
82 #include <stdlib.h>
83 #include <string.h>
84 #include <sysexits.h>
85 #include <time.h>
86 #include <unistd.h>
87 
88 #include "main.h"
89 #include "ping.h"
90 #include "utils.h"
91 
92 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
93 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
94 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
95 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
96 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
97 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
98 					/* runs out of buffer space */
99 #define	MAXIPLEN	((int)sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
100 #define	MAXPAYLOAD	(IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
101 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
102 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
103 #define	MAXTOS		255
104 
105 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
106 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
107 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
108 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
109 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
110 
111 struct tv32 {
112 	int32_t tv32_sec;
113 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
114 };
115 
116 /* various options */
117 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
118 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
119 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
120 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
121 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
122 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
123 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
124 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
125 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
126 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
127 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
128 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
129 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
130 #ifdef IPSEC
131 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
132 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
133 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
134 #endif /*IPSEC*/
135 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
136 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
137 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
138 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
139 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
140 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
141 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
142 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
143 #define	F_IP_VLAN_PCP	0x800000
144 #define	F_DOT		0x1000000
145 
146 /*
147  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
148  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
149  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
150  */
151 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
152 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
153 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
154 
155 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
156 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
157 static int maxpayload;
158 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
159 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
160 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
161 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
162 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
163 static const char *DOT = ".";
164 static size_t DOTlen = 1;
165 static size_t DOTidx = 0;
166 static char *shostname;
167 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
168 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
169 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
170 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
171 static int phdr_len = 0;
172 static int send_len;
173 
174 /* counters */
175 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
176 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
177 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
178 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
179 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
180 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
181 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
182 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
183 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
184 
185 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
186 
187 static void fill(char *, char *);
188 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
189 static void pinger(void);
190 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
191 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
192 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
193 static void pr_iph(struct ip *, const u_char *);
194 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
195 
196 int
197 ping(int argc, char *const *argv)
198 {
199 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
200 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
201 	struct timespec last, intvl;
202 	struct iovec iov;
203 	struct msghdr msg;
204 	struct sigaction si_sa;
205 	size_t sz;
206 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
207 	const char *errstr;
208 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
209 	struct hostent *hp;
210 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
211 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
212 #endif
213 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
214 	double t;
215 	u_long alarmtimeout;
216 	long long ltmp;
217 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
218 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
219 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
220 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
221 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
222 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
223 #endif
224 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
225 
226 	payload = source = NULL;
227 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
228 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
229 #endif
230 	cap_rights_t rights;
231 
232 	/*
233 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
234 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
235 	 * after arg parsing.
236 	 *
237 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
238 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
239 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
240 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
241 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
242 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
243 	 * packets.
244 	 */
245 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
246 	ssend_errno = errno;
247 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
248 	srecv_errno = errno;
249 
250 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
251 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
252 	uid = getuid();
253 
254 	if (ssend < 0) {
255 		errno = ssend_errno;
256 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
257 	}
258 
259 	if (srecv < 0) {
260 		errno = srecv_errno;
261 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
262 	}
263 
264 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;
265 
266 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
267 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING4OPTS)) != -1) {
268 		switch(ch) {
269 		case '.':
270 			options |= F_DOT;
271 			if (optarg != NULL) {
272 				DOT = optarg;
273 				DOTlen = strlen(optarg);
274 			}
275 			break;
276 		case '4':
277 			/* This option is processed in main(). */
278 			break;
279 		case 'A':
280 			options |= F_MISSED;
281 			break;
282 		case 'a':
283 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
284 			break;
285 		case 'C':
286 			options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
287 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr);
288 			if (errstr != NULL)
289 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
290 			pcp = ltmp;
291 			break;
292 		case 'c':
293 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
294 			if (errstr != NULL)
295 				errx(EX_USAGE,
296 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
297 				    optarg);
298 			npackets = (long)ltmp;
299 			break;
300 		case 'D':
301 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
302 			df = 1;
303 			break;
304 		case 'd':
305 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
306 			break;
307 		case 'f':
308 			if (uid) {
309 				errno = EPERM;
310 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
311 			}
312 			options |= F_FLOOD;
313 			options |= F_DOT;
314 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
315 			break;
316 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
317 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
318 			if (errstr != NULL) {
319 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
320 				    optarg);
321 			}
322 			sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
323 			if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
324 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
325 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
326 				    sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
327 			}
328 			options |= F_SWEEP;
329 			break;
330 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
331 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
332 			if (errstr != NULL) {
333 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
334 				    optarg);
335 			}
336 			sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
337 			if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
338 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
339 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
340 				    sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
341 			}
342 			options |= F_SWEEP;
343 			break;
344 		case 'H':
345 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
346 			break;
347 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
348 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
349 			if (errstr != NULL) {
350 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
351 				    optarg);
352 			}
353 			sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
354 			if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
355 				errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
356 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
357 				    sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
358 			}
359 			options |= F_SWEEP;
360 			break;
361 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
362 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
363 				errx(EX_USAGE,
364 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
365 				    optarg);
366 			options |= F_MIF;
367 			break;
368 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
369 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
370 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
371 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
372 				    optarg);
373 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
374 			interval = (int)t;
375 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
376 				errno = EPERM;
377 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
378 			}
379 			break;
380 		case 'L':
381 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
382 			loop = 0;
383 			break;
384 		case 'l':
385 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
386 			if (errstr != NULL)
387 				errx(EX_USAGE,
388 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
389 			if (uid) {
390 				errno = EPERM;
391 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
392 			}
393 			preload = (int)ltmp;
394 			break;
395 		case 'M':
396 			switch(optarg[0]) {
397 			case 'M':
398 			case 'm':
399 				options |= F_MASK;
400 				break;
401 			case 'T':
402 			case 't':
403 				options |= F_TIME;
404 				break;
405 			default:
406 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
407 				break;
408 			}
409 			break;
410 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
411 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
412 			if (errstr != NULL)
413 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
414 			ttl = (int)ltmp;
415 			options |= F_TTL;
416 			break;
417 		case 'n':
418 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
419 			break;
420 		case 'o':
421 			options |= F_ONCE;
422 			break;
423 #ifdef IPSEC
424 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
425 		case 'P':
426 			options |= F_POLICY;
427 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
428 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
429 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
430 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
431 			else
432 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
433 			break;
434 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
435 #endif /*IPSEC*/
436 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
437 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
438 			payload = optarg;
439 			break;
440 		case 'Q':
441 			options |= F_QUIET2;
442 			break;
443 		case 'q':
444 			options |= F_QUIET;
445 			break;
446 		case 'R':
447 			options |= F_RROUTE;
448 			break;
449 		case 'r':
450 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
451 			break;
452 		case 'S':
453 			source = optarg;
454 			break;
455 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
456 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
457 			if (errstr != NULL)
458 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
459 				    optarg);
460 			datalen = (int)ltmp;
461 			if (datalen > MAXPAYLOAD) {
462 				errx(EX_USAGE,
463 				    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
464 				    datalen, MAXPAYLOAD);
465 			}
466 			break;
467 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
468 			ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
469 			if (errstr != NULL)
470 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
471 				    optarg);
472 			mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
473 			options |= F_MTTL;
474 			break;
475 		case 't':
476 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
477 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
478 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
479 				    optarg);
480 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
481 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
482 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
483 			{
484 				struct itimerval itv;
485 
486 				timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
487 				timerclear(&itv.it_value);
488 				itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
489 				if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
490 					err(1, "setitimer");
491 			}
492 			break;
493 		case 'v':
494 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
495 			break;
496 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
497 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
498 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
499 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
500 				    optarg);
501 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
502 			waittime = (int)t;
503 			break;
504 		case 'z':
505 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
506 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
507 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
508 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
509 			tos = ltmp;
510 			break;
511 		default:
512 			usage();
513 		}
514 	}
515 
516 	if (argc - optind != 1)
517 		usage();
518 	target = argv[optind];
519 
520 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
521 	case 0: break;
522 	case F_MASK:
523 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
524 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
525 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
526 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
527 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
528 		break;
529 	case F_TIME:
530 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
531 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
532 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
533 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
534 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
535 		break;
536 	default:
537 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
538 		break;
539 	}
540 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
541 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
542 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
543 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
544 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
545 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
546 		    maxpayload);
547 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
548 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
549 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
550 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
551 	}
552 	capdns = capdns_setup();
553 	if (source) {
554 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
555 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
556 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
557 			shostname = source;
558 		} else {
559 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
560 			if (!hp)
561 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
562 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
563 
564 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
565 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
566 			    hp->h_length < 0)
567 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
568 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
569 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
570 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
571 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
572 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
573 			shostname = snamebuf;
574 		}
575 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
576 		    -1)
577 			err(1, "bind");
578 	}
579 
580 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
581 	to = &whereto;
582 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
583 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
584 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
585 		hostname = target;
586 	} else {
587 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
588 		if (!hp)
589 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
590 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
591 
592 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
593 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
594 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
595 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
596 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
597 		hostname = hnamebuf;
598 	}
599 
600 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
601 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
602 	if (capdns != NULL) {
603 		const char *types[1];
604 
605 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
606 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
607 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
608 	}
609 #endif
610 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
611 		err(1, "connect");
612 
613 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
614 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
615 
616 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
617 		errx(EX_USAGE,
618 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
619 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
620 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
621 		errx(EX_USAGE,
622 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
623 
624 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
625 		timing = 1;
626 
627 	if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
628 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
629 			*datap++ = i;
630 
631 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
632 
633 	hold = 1;
634 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
635 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
636 		    sizeof(hold));
637 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
638 		    sizeof(hold));
639 	}
640 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
641 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
642 		    sizeof(hold));
643 	if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
644 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
645 		    sizeof(pcp));
646 	}
647 #ifdef IPSEC
648 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
649 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
650 		char *buf;
651 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
652 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
653 			if (buf == NULL)
654 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
655 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
656 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
657 				err(EX_CONFIG,
658 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
659 			free(buf);
660 		}
661 
662 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
663 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
664 			if (buf == NULL)
665 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
666 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
667 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
668 				err(EX_CONFIG,
669 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
670 			free(buf);
671 		}
672 	}
673 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
674 #endif /*IPSEC*/
675 
676 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
677 		struct ip ip;
678 
679 		memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
680 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
681 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
682 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
683 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
684 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
685 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
686 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
687 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
688 		}
689 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
690 		ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
691 		ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
692 		ip.ip_tos = tos;
693 		ip.ip_id = 0;
694 		ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
695 		ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
696 		ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
697 		ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
698 		ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
699 		memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
700         }
701 
702 	/*
703 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
704 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
705 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
706 	 */
707 	caph_cache_catpages();
708 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
709 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
710 
711 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
712 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
713 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
714 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
715 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
716 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
717 
718 	/* record route option */
719 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
720 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
721 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
722 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
723 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
724 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
725 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
726 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
727 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
728 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
729 #else
730 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
731 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
732 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
733 	}
734 
735 	if (options & F_TTL) {
736 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
737 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
738 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
739 		}
740 	}
741 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
742 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
743 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
744 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
745 		}
746 	}
747 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
748 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
749 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
750 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
751 		}
752 	}
753 	if (options & F_MIF) {
754 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
755 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
756 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
757 		}
758 	}
759 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
760 	{
761 		int on = 1;
762 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
763 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
764 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
765 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
766 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
767 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
768 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
769 	}
770 #endif
771 	if (sweepmax) {
772 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
773 			errx(EX_USAGE,
774 	    "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
775 
776 		if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
777 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");
778 
779 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
780 			errx(EX_USAGE,
781 		    "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
782 
783 		if (npackets > 0) {
784 			snpackets = npackets;
785 			npackets = 0;
786 		} else
787 			snpackets = 1;
788 		datalen = sweepmin;
789 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
790 	}
791 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
792 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
793 
794 	/*
795 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
796 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
797 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
798 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
799 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
800 	 */
801 
802 	/*
803 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
804 	 * as well.
805 	 */
806 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
807 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
808 	    sizeof(hold));
809 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
810 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
811 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
812 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
813 	if (uid == 0)
814 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
815 		    sizeof(hold));
816 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
817 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
818 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
819 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
820 
821 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
822 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
823 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
824 		if (source)
825 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
826 		if (sweepmax)
827 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
828 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
829 		else
830 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
831 
832 	} else {
833 		if (sweepmax)
834 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
835 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
836 		else
837 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
838 	}
839 
840 	/*
841 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
842 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
843 	 */
844 
845 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
846 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
847 	si_sa.sa_handler = onsignal;
848 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
849 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
850 	seenint = 0;
851 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
852 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINFO");
853 	seeninfo = 0;
854 	if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
855 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
856 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
857 	}
858 
859 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
860 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
861 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
862 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
863 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
864 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
865 	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
866 #endif
867 	iov.iov_base = packet;
868 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
869 
870 	if (preload == 0)
871 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
872 	else {
873 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
874 			preload = npackets;
875 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
876 			pinger();
877 	}
878 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
879 
880 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
881 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
882 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
883 	} else {
884 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
885 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
886 	}
887 
888 	almost_done = 0;
889 	while (seenint == 0) {
890 		struct timespec now, timeout;
891 		fd_set rfds;
892 		int n;
893 		ssize_t cc;
894 
895 		/* signal handling */
896 		if (seeninfo) {
897 			pr_summary(stderr);
898 			seeninfo = 0;
899 			continue;
900 		}
901 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
902 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
903 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
904 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
905 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
906 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
907 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
908 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
909 			timespecclear(&timeout);
910 
911 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
912 		if (n < 0)
913 			continue;	/* EINTR */
914 		if (n == 1) {
915 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
916 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
917 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
918 #endif
919 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
920 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
921 				if (errno == EINTR)
922 					continue;
923 				warn("recvmsg");
924 				continue;
925 			}
926 			/* If we have a 0 byte read from recvfrom continue */
927 			if (cc == 0)
928 				continue;
929 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
930 			if (cmsg != NULL &&
931 			    cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
932 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
933 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
934 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
935 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
936 				tv = &now;
937 			}
938 #endif
939 			if (tv == NULL) {
940 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
941 				tv = &now;
942 			}
943 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
944 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
945 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
946 				break;
947 		}
948 		if (n == 0 || (options & F_FLOOD)) {
949 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
950 				if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
951 					break;
952 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
953 					*datap++ = i;
954 				datalen += sweepincr;
955 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
956 				sntransmitted = 0;
957 			}
958 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
959 				pinger();
960 			else {
961 				if (almost_done)
962 					break;
963 				almost_done = 1;
964 				/*
965 				 * If we're not transmitting any more packets,
966 				 * change the timer to wait two round-trip times
967 				 * if we've received any packets or (waittime)
968 				 * milliseconds if we haven't.
969 				 */
970 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
971 				if (nreceived) {
972 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
973 					if (intvl.tv_sec == 0)
974 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
975 				} else {
976 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
977 					intvl.tv_nsec =
978 					    waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
979 				}
980 			}
981 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
982 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
983 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
984 				if (options & F_MISSED)
985 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
986 			}
987 		}
988 	}
989 	pr_summary(stdout);
990 
991 	exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
992 }
993 
994 /*
995  * pinger --
996  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
997  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
998  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
999  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1000  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1001  */
1002 static void
1003 pinger(void)
1004 {
1005 	struct timespec now;
1006 	struct tv32 tv32;
1007 	struct icmp icp;
1008 	int cc, i;
1009 	u_char *packet;
1010 
1011 	packet = outpack;
1012 	memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1013 	icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1014 	icp.icmp_code = 0;
1015 	icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1016 	icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1017 	icp.icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1018 
1019 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1020 
1021 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1022 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1023 		/*
1024 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1025 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1026 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1027 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1028 		 */
1029 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1030 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1031 		if (options & F_TIME)
1032 			icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1033 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1034 		if (timing)
1035 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1036 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1037 			    sizeof(tv32));
1038 	}
1039 
1040 	memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1041 
1042 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1043 
1044 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1045 	icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1046 	/* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1047 	memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1048 	    sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1049 
1050 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1051 		struct ip ip;
1052 
1053 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1054 		ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1055 		/* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1056 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1057 		    sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1058 		ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1059 		/* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1060 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1061 		    sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1062 		packet = outpackhdr;
1063 	}
1064 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1065 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1066 		if (i < 0) {
1067 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1068 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1069 				return;
1070 			}
1071 			warn("sendto");
1072 		} else {
1073 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1074 			     hostname, i, cc);
1075 		}
1076 	}
1077 	ntransmitted++;
1078 	sntransmitted++;
1079 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_DOT)
1080 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT[DOTidx++ % DOTlen], 1);
1081 }
1082 
1083 /*
1084  * pr_pack --
1085  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1086  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1087  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1088  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1089  */
1090 static void
1091 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1092 {
1093 	struct in_addr ina;
1094 	u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1095 	struct icmp icp;
1096 	struct ip ip;
1097 	const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1098 	ssize_t icmp_data_raw_len;
1099 	double triptime;
1100 	int dupflag, i, j, recv_len;
1101 	int8_t hlen;
1102 	uint16_t seq;
1103 	static int old_rrlen;
1104 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1105 	struct ip oip;
1106 	u_char oip_header_len;
1107 	struct icmp oicmp;
1108 	const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1109 
1110 	/*
1111 	 * Get size of IP header of the received packet.
1112 	 * The header length is contained in the lower four bits of the first
1113 	 * byte and represents the number of 4 byte octets the header takes up.
1114 	 *
1115 	 * The IHL minimum value is 5 (20 bytes) and its maximum value is 15
1116 	 * (60 bytes).
1117 	 */
1118 	memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1119 	hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1120 
1121 	/* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1122 	if (hlen < (int8_t) sizeof(struct ip)) {
1123 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1124 			warn("IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", hlen,
1125 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1126 		return;
1127 	}
1128 
1129 	memcpy(&ip, buf, sizeof(struct ip));
1130 
1131 	/* Check packet has enough data to carry a valid ICMP header */
1132 	recv_len = cc;
1133 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1134 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1135 			warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1136 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1137 		return;
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	icmp_data_raw_len = cc - (hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1141 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1142 
1143 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1144 	cc -= hlen;
1145 	memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1146 	if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1147 		if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1148 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1149 		++nreceived;
1150 		triptime = 0.0;
1151 		if (timing) {
1152 			struct timespec tv1;
1153 			struct tv32 tv32;
1154 			const u_char *tp;
1155 
1156 			tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1157 
1158 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1159 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1160 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1161 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1162 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1163 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1164 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1165 				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1166 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1167 				if (triptime < 0) {
1168 					warnx("time of day goes back (%.3f ms),"
1169 					    " clamping time to 0",
1170 					    triptime);
1171 					triptime = 0;
1172 				}
1173 				tsum += triptime;
1174 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1175 				if (triptime < tmin)
1176 					tmin = triptime;
1177 				if (triptime > tmax)
1178 					tmax = triptime;
1179 			} else
1180 				timing = 0;
1181 		}
1182 
1183 		seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1184 
1185 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1186 			++nrepeats;
1187 			--nreceived;
1188 			dupflag = 1;
1189 		} else {
1190 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1191 			dupflag = 0;
1192 		}
1193 
1194 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1195 			return;
1196 
1197 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1198 			++nrcvtimeout;
1199 			return;
1200 		}
1201 
1202 		if (options & F_DOT)
1203 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1204 		else {
1205 			(void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1206 			    pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1207 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1208 			if (timing)
1209 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1210 			if (dupflag)
1211 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1212 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1213 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1214 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1215 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1216 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1217 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1218 			}
1219 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1220 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1221 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1222 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1223 			}
1224 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1225                         	(void)printf(
1226 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1227 				     recv_len, send_len);
1228 			}
1229 			/* check the data */
1230 			cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1231 				icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1232 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1233 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1234 			i = 0;
1235 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1236 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1237 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1238 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1239 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1240 			}
1241 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1242 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1243 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1244 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1245 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1246 					cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1247 					    offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1248 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1249 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1250 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1251 						(void)printf(" %2x", *cp);
1252 					}
1253 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1254 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1255 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1256 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1257 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1258 						(void)printf(" %2x", *cp);
1259 					}
1260 					break;
1261 				}
1262 			}
1263 		}
1264 	} else {
1265 		/*
1266 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1267 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1268 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1269 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1270 		 *
1271 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1272 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1273 		 * available to those not running as root.
1274 		 */
1275 
1276 		/*
1277 		 * If we don't have enough bytes for a quoted IP header and an
1278 		 * ICMP header then stop.
1279 		 */
1280 		if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1281 				(ssize_t)(sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1282 			if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1283 				warnx("quoted data too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1284 					icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1285 			return;
1286 		}
1287 
1288 		memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1289 		oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1290 
1291 		/* Reject IP packets with a short header */
1292 		if (oip_header_len < sizeof(struct ip)) {
1293 			if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1294 				warnx("inner IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s",
1295 					oip_header_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1296 			return;
1297 		}
1298 
1299 		/*
1300 		 * Check against the actual IHL length, to protect against
1301 		 * quoated packets carrying IP options.
1302 		 */
1303 		if (icmp_data_raw_len <
1304 				(ssize_t)(oip_header_len + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
1305 			if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1306 				warnx("inner packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
1307 				     icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1308 			return;
1309 		}
1310 
1311 		memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(struct ip));
1312 		oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1313 		memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, sizeof(struct icmp));
1314 
1315 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1316 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1317 		     (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1318 		     (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1319 		     (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1320 		     (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1321 		    (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1322 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1323 		    pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, icmp_data_raw);
1324 		} else
1325 		    return;
1326 	}
1327 
1328 	/* Display any IP options */
1329 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1330 
1331 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1332 		switch (*cp) {
1333 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1334 			hlen = 0;
1335 			break;
1336 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1337 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1338 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1339 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1340 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1341 			hlen -= 2;
1342 			cp += 2;
1343 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1344 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1345 				for (;;) {
1346 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1347 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1348 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1349 					else
1350 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1351 						     pr_addr(ina));
1352 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1353 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1354 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1355 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1356 						break;
1357 					(void)putchar('\n');
1358 				}
1359 			} else
1360 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1361 			break;
1362 		case IPOPT_RR:
1363 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1364 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1365 			hlen -= 2;
1366 			cp += 2;
1367 			if (i > j)
1368 				i = j;
1369 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1370 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1371 				old_rrlen = 0;
1372 				continue;
1373 			}
1374 			if (i == old_rrlen
1375 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1376 			    && !(options & F_DOT)) {
1377 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1378 				hlen -= i;
1379 				cp += i;
1380 				break;
1381 			}
1382 			old_rrlen = i;
1383 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1384 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1385 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1386 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1387 				for (;;) {
1388 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1389 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1390 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1391 					else
1392 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1393 						     pr_addr(ina));
1394 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1395 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1396 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1397 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1398 						break;
1399 					(void)putchar('\n');
1400 				}
1401 			} else
1402 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1403 			break;
1404 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1405 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1406 			break;
1407 		default:
1408 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1409 			break;
1410 		}
1411 	if (!(options & F_DOT)) {
1412 		(void)putchar('\n');
1413 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1414 	}
1415 }
1416 
1417 /*
1418  * pr_icmph --
1419  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1420  */
1421 static void
1422 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1423 {
1424 
1425 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1426 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1427 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1428 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1429 		break;
1430 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1431 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1432 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1433 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1434 			break;
1435 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1436 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1437 			break;
1438 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1439 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1440 			break;
1441 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1442 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1443 			break;
1444 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1445 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1446 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1447 			break;
1448 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1449 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1450 			break;
1451 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1452 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1453 			break;
1454 		default:
1455 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1456 			    icp->icmp_code);
1457 			break;
1458 		}
1459 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1460 		pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
1461 		break;
1462 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1463 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1464 		pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
1465 		break;
1466 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1467 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1468 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1469 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1470 			break;
1471 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1472 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1473 			break;
1474 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1475 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1476 			break;
1477 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1478 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1479 			break;
1480 		default:
1481 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1482 			break;
1483 		}
1484 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1485 		pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
1486 		break;
1487 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1488 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1489 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1490 		break;
1491 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1492 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1493 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1494 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1495 			break;
1496 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1497 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1498 			break;
1499 		default:
1500 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1501 			    icp->icmp_code);
1502 			break;
1503 		}
1504 		pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
1505 		break;
1506 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1507 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1508 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1509 		pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
1510 		break;
1511 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1512 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1513 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1514 		break;
1515 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1516 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1517 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1518 		break;
1519 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1520 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1521 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1522 		break;
1523 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1524 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1525 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1526 		break;
1527 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1528 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1529 		break;
1530 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1531 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1532 		break;
1533 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1534 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1535 		break;
1536 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1537 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1538 		break;
1539 	default:
1540 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1541 	}
1542 }
1543 
1544 /*
1545  * pr_iph --
1546  *	Print an IP header with options.
1547  */
1548 static void
1549 pr_iph(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1550 {
1551 	struct in_addr dst_ina, src_ina;
1552 	int hlen;
1553 
1554 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1555 	cp = cp + sizeof(struct ip);		/* point to options */
1556 
1557 	memcpy(&src_ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof(src_ina));
1558 	memcpy(&dst_ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof(dst_ina));
1559 
1560 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks %*s %*s",
1561 	    (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(src_ina)), "Src",
1562 	    (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(dst_ina)), "Dst");
1563 	if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip))
1564 		(void)printf(" Opts");
1565 	(void)putchar('\n');
1566 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1567 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1568 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1569 	(void)printf("   %1x %04x",
1570 	    (ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1571 	    ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1572 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1573 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1574 	(void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(src_ina));
1575 	(void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(dst_ina));
1576 	/* dump any option bytes */
1577 	if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1578 		(void)printf(" ");
1579 		while (hlen-- > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1580 			(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1581 		}
1582 	}
1583 	(void)putchar('\n');
1584 }
1585 
1586 /*
1587  * pr_addr --
1588  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1589  * a hostname.
1590  */
1591 static char *
1592 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1593 {
1594 	struct hostent *hp;
1595 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1596 
1597 	if (!(options & F_HOSTNAME))
1598 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1599 
1600 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, sizeof(ina), AF_INET);
1601 
1602 	if (hp == NULL)
1603 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1604 
1605 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1606 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1607 	return(buf);
1608 }
1609 
1610 static char *
1611 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1612 {
1613 	static char buf[11];
1614 	int hour, min, sec;
1615 
1616 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1617 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1618 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1619 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1620 
1621 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1622 
1623 	return (buf);
1624 }
1625 
1626 static void
1627 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1628 {
1629 	char *cp;
1630 	int pat[16];
1631 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1632 
1633 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1634 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1635 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1636 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1637 
1638 	}
1639 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1640 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1641 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1642 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1643 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1644 
1645 	if (ii > 0)
1646 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1647 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1648 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1649 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1650 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1651 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1652 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1653 		(void)printf("\n");
1654 	}
1655 }
1656 
1657 static cap_channel_t *
1658 capdns_setup(void)
1659 {
1660 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1661 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1662 	const char *types[2];
1663 	int families[1];
1664 #endif
1665 	capcas = cap_init();
1666 	if (capcas == NULL)
1667 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1668 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1669 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1670 	cap_close(capcas);
1671 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1672 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1673 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1674 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1675 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1676 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1677 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1678 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1679 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1680 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1681 #endif
1682 	return (capdnsloc);
1683 }
1684