xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 8d20be1e22095c27faf8fe8b2f0d089739cc742e)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #if 0
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 #endif
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 /*
48  *			P I N G . C
49  *
50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52  *
53  * Author -
54  *	Mike Muuss
55  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56  *	December, 1983
57  *
58  * Status -
59  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
60  * Bugs -
61  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
62  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63  */
64 
65 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/socket.h>
67 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
68 #include <sys/time.h>
69 #include <sys/uio.h>
70 
71 #include <netinet/in.h>
72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
76 #include <arpa/inet.h>
77 
78 #ifdef IPSEC
79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
81 
82 #include <ctype.h>
83 #include <err.h>
84 #include <errno.h>
85 #include <math.h>
86 #include <netdb.h>
87 #include <signal.h>
88 #include <stdio.h>
89 #include <stdlib.h>
90 #include <string.h>
91 #include <sysexits.h>
92 #include <unistd.h>
93 
94 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
95 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
96 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
97 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
98 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
99 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
100 					/* runs out of buffer space */
101 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
102 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
103 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
104 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
105 #define	MAXTOS		255
106 
107 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
108 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
109 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
110 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
111 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
112 
113 struct tv32 {
114 	int32_t tv32_sec;
115 	int32_t tv32_usec;
116 };
117 
118 /* various options */
119 int options;
120 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
121 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
122 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
123 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
124 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
125 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
126 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
127 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
128 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
129 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
130 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
131 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
132 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
133 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
134 #ifdef IPSEC
135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
136 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
139 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
140 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
141 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
142 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
143 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
144 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
145 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
146 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
147 
148 /*
149  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
150  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
151  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
152  */
153 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
154 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
155 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
156 
157 struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
158 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
159 int maxpayload;
160 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
161 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
162 char BBELL = '\a';		/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
163 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
164 char DOT = '.';
165 char *hostname;
166 char *shostname;
167 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
168 int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
169 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
170 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
171 int phdr_len = 0;
172 int send_len;
173 
174 /* counters */
175 long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
176 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
177 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
178 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
179 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
180 long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
181 long snreceived;		/* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
182 long sntransmitted;		/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
183 int sweepmax;			/* max value of payload in sweep */
184 int sweepmin = 0;		/* start value of payload in sweep */
185 int sweepincr = 1;		/* payload increment in sweep */
186 int interval = 1000;		/* interval between packets, ms */
187 int waittime = MAXWAIT;		/* timeout for each packet */
188 long nrcvtimeout = 0;		/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
189 
190 /* timing */
191 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
192 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
193 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
194 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
195 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
196 
197 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
198 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
199 
200 static void fill(char *, char *);
201 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
202 static void check_status(void);
203 static void finish(void) __dead2;
204 static void pinger(void);
205 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
206 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
207 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
208 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
209 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
210 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
211 static void status(int);
212 static void stopit(int);
213 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
214 static void usage(void) __dead2;
215 
216 int
217 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
218 {
219 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
220 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
221 	struct timeval last, intvl;
222 	struct iovec iov;
223 	struct ip *ip;
224 	struct msghdr msg;
225 	struct sigaction si_sa;
226 	size_t sz;
227 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
228 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
229 	struct hostent *hp;
230 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
231 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
232 #endif
233 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
234 	double t;
235 	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
236 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
237 	    tos, ttl;
238 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
239 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
240 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
241 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
242 #endif
243 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
244 
245 	payload = source = NULL;
246 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
247 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
248 #endif
249 
250 	/*
251 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
252 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
253 	 * after arg parsing.
254 	 */
255 	s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
256 	sockerrno = errno;
257 
258 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
259 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
260 	uid = getuid();
261 
262 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
263 
264 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
265 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
266 		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
267 #ifdef IPSEC
268 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
269 		"P:"
270 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
271 #endif /*IPSEC*/
272 		)) != -1)
273 	{
274 		switch(ch) {
275 		case 'A':
276 			options |= F_MISSED;
277 			break;
278 		case 'a':
279 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
280 			break;
281 		case 'c':
282 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
283 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
284 				errx(EX_USAGE,
285 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
286 				    optarg);
287 			npackets = ultmp;
288 			break;
289 		case 'D':
290 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
291 			df = 1;
292 			break;
293 		case 'd':
294 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
295 			break;
296 		case 'f':
297 			if (uid) {
298 				errno = EPERM;
299 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
300 			}
301 			options |= F_FLOOD;
302 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
303 			break;
304 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
305 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
306 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
307 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
308 				    optarg);
309 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
310 				errno = EPERM;
311 				err(EX_NOPERM,
312 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
313 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
314 			}
315 			options |= F_SWEEP;
316 			sweepmax = ultmp;
317 			break;
318 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
319 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
320 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
321 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
322 				    optarg);
323 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
324 				errno = EPERM;
325 				err(EX_NOPERM,
326 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
327 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
328 			}
329 			options |= F_SWEEP;
330 			sweepmin = ultmp;
331 			break;
332 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
333 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
334 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
335 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
336 				    optarg);
337 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
338 				errno = EPERM;
339 				err(EX_NOPERM,
340 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
341 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
342 			}
343 			options |= F_SWEEP;
344 			sweepincr = ultmp;
345 			break;
346 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
347 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
348 				errx(EX_USAGE,
349 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
350 				    optarg);
351 			options |= F_MIF;
352 			break;
353 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
354 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
355 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
356 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
357 				    optarg);
358 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
359 			interval = (int)t;
360 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
361 				errno = EPERM;
362 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
363 			}
364 			break;
365 		case 'L':
366 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
367 			loop = 0;
368 			break;
369 		case 'l':
370 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
371 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
372 				errx(EX_USAGE,
373 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
374 			if (uid) {
375 				errno = EPERM;
376 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
377 			}
378 			preload = ultmp;
379 			break;
380 		case 'M':
381 			switch(optarg[0]) {
382 			case 'M':
383 			case 'm':
384 				options |= F_MASK;
385 				break;
386 			case 'T':
387 			case 't':
388 				options |= F_TIME;
389 				break;
390 			default:
391 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
392 				break;
393 			}
394 			break;
395 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
396 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
397 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
398 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
399 			ttl = ultmp;
400 			options |= F_TTL;
401 			break;
402 		case 'n':
403 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
404 			break;
405 		case 'o':
406 			options |= F_ONCE;
407 			break;
408 #ifdef IPSEC
409 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
410 		case 'P':
411 			options |= F_POLICY;
412 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
413 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
414 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
415 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
416 			else
417 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
418 			break;
419 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
420 #endif /*IPSEC*/
421 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
422 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
423 			payload = optarg;
424 			break;
425 		case 'Q':
426 			options |= F_QUIET2;
427 			break;
428 		case 'q':
429 			options |= F_QUIET;
430 			break;
431 		case 'R':
432 			options |= F_RROUTE;
433 			break;
434 		case 'r':
435 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
436 			break;
437 		case 'S':
438 			source = optarg;
439 			break;
440 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
441 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
442 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
443 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
444 				    optarg);
445 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
446 				errno = EPERM;
447 				err(EX_NOPERM,
448 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
449 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
450 			}
451 			datalen = ultmp;
452 			break;
453 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
454 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
455 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
456 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
457 				    optarg);
458 			mttl = ultmp;
459 			options |= F_MTTL;
460 			break;
461 		case 't':
462 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
463 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
464 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
465 				    optarg);
466 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
467 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
468 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
469 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
470 			break;
471 		case 'v':
472 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
473 			break;
474 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
475 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
476 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
477 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
478 				    optarg);
479 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
480 			waittime = (int)t;
481 			break;
482 		case 'z':
483 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
484 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
485 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
486 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
487 			tos = ultmp;
488 			break;
489 		default:
490 			usage();
491 		}
492 	}
493 
494 	if (argc - optind != 1)
495 		usage();
496 	target = argv[optind];
497 
498 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
499 	case 0: break;
500 	case F_MASK:
501 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
502 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
503 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
504 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
505 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
506 		break;
507 	case F_TIME:
508 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
509 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
510 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
511 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
512 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
513 		break;
514 	default:
515 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
516 		break;
517 	}
518 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
519 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
520 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
521 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
522 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
523 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
524 		    maxpayload);
525 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
526 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
527 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
528 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
529 	}
530 	if (source) {
531 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
532 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
533 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
534 			shostname = source;
535 		} else {
536 			hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
537 			if (!hp)
538 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
539 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
540 
541 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
542 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
543 			    hp->h_length < 0)
544 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
545 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
546 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
547 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
548 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
549 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
550 			shostname = snamebuf;
551 		}
552 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
553 			err(1, "bind");
554 	}
555 
556 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
557 	to = &whereto;
558 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
559 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
560 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
561 		hostname = target;
562 	} else {
563 		hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
564 		if (!hp)
565 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
566 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
567 
568 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
569 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
570 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
571 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
572 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
573 		hostname = hnamebuf;
574 	}
575 
576 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
577 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
578 
579 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
580 		errx(EX_USAGE,
581 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
582 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
583 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
584 		errx(EX_USAGE,
585 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
586 
587 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
588 		timing = 1;
589 
590 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
591 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
592 			*datap++ = i;
593 
594 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
595 
596 	if (s < 0) {
597 		errno = sockerrno;
598 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
599 	}
600 	hold = 1;
601 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
602 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
603 		    sizeof(hold));
604 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
605 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
606 		    sizeof(hold));
607 #ifdef IPSEC
608 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
609 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
610 		char *buf;
611 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
612 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
613 			if (buf == NULL)
614 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
615 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
616 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
617 				err(EX_CONFIG,
618 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
619 			free(buf);
620 		}
621 
622 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
623 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
624 			if (buf == NULL)
625 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
626 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
627 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
628 				err(EX_CONFIG,
629 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
630 			free(buf);
631 		}
632 	}
633 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
634 #endif /*IPSEC*/
635 
636 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
637 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
638 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
639 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
640 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
641 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
642 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
643 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
644 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
645 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
646 		}
647 		setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
648 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
649 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
650 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
651 		ip->ip_id = 0;
652 		ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
653 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
654 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
655 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
656 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
657         }
658 	/* record route option */
659 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
660 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
661 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
662 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
663 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
664 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
665 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
666 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
667 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
668 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
669 #else
670 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
671 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
672 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
673 	}
674 
675 	if (options & F_TTL) {
676 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
677 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
678 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
679 		}
680 	}
681 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
682 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
683 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
684 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
685 		}
686 	}
687 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
688 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
689 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
690 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
691 		}
692 	}
693 	if (options & F_MIF) {
694 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
695 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
696 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
697 		}
698 	}
699 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
700 	{ int on = 1;
701 	if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
702 		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
703 	}
704 #endif
705 	if (sweepmax) {
706 		if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
707 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
708 
709 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
710 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
711 
712 		if (npackets > 0) {
713 			snpackets = npackets;
714 			npackets = 0;
715 		} else
716 			snpackets = 1;
717 		datalen = sweepmin;
718 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
719 	}
720 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
721 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
722 
723 	/*
724 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
725 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
726 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
727 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
728 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
729 	 */
730 
731 	/*
732 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
733 	 * as well.
734 	 */
735 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
736 	(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
737 	    sizeof(hold));
738 	if (uid == 0)
739 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
740 		    sizeof(hold));
741 
742 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
743 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
744 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
745 		if (source)
746 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
747 		if (sweepmax)
748 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
749 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
750 		else
751 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
752 
753 	} else {
754 		if (sweepmax)
755 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
756 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
757 		else
758 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
759 	}
760 
761 	/*
762 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
763 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
764 	 */
765 
766 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
767 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
768 
769 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
770 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
771 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
772 	}
773 
774 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
775 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
776 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
777 	}
778 
779         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
780 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
781 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
782 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
783         }
784 
785 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
786 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
787 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
788 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
789 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
790 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
791 #endif
792 	iov.iov_base = packet;
793 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
794 
795 	if (preload == 0)
796 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
797 	else {
798 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
799 			preload = npackets;
800 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
801 			pinger();
802 	}
803 	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
804 
805 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
806 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
807 		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
808 	} else {
809 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
810 		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
811 	}
812 
813 	almost_done = 0;
814 	while (!finish_up) {
815 		struct timeval now, timeout;
816 		fd_set rfds;
817 		int cc, n;
818 
819 		check_status();
820 		if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
821 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
822 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
823 		FD_SET(s, &rfds);
824 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
825 		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
826 		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
827 		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
828 			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
829 			timeout.tv_sec--;
830 		}
831 		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
832 			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
833 			timeout.tv_sec++;
834 		}
835 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
836 			timerclear(&timeout);
837 		n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
838 		if (n < 0)
839 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
840 		if (n == 1) {
841 			struct timeval *tv = NULL;
842 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
843 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
844 
845 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
846 #endif
847 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
848 			if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
849 				if (errno == EINTR)
850 					continue;
851 				warn("recvmsg");
852 				continue;
853 			}
854 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
855 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
856 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
857 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
858 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
859 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
860 				tv = &now;
861 			}
862 #endif
863 			if (tv == NULL) {
864 				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
865 				tv = &now;
866 			}
867 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
868 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
869 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
870 				break;
871 		}
872 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
873 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
874 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
875 					*datap++ = i;
876 				datalen += sweepincr;
877 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
878 					break;
879 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
880 				sntransmitted = 0;
881 			}
882 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
883 				pinger();
884 			else {
885 				if (almost_done)
886 					break;
887 				almost_done = 1;
888 				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
889 				if (nreceived) {
890 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
891 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
892 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
893 				} else {
894 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
895 					intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
896 				}
897 			}
898 			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
899 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
900 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
901 				if (options & F_MISSED)
902 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
903 			}
904 		}
905 	}
906 	finish();
907 	/* NOTREACHED */
908 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
909 }
910 
911 /*
912  * stopit --
913  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
914  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
915  * to be called from a signal handler.
916  */
917 void
918 stopit(int sig __unused)
919 {
920 
921 	/*
922 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
923 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
924 	 */
925 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
926 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
927 	finish_up = 1;
928 }
929 
930 /*
931  * pinger --
932  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
933  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
934  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
935  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
936  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
937  */
938 static void
939 pinger(void)
940 {
941 	struct timeval now;
942 	struct tv32 tv32;
943 	struct ip *ip;
944 	struct icmp *icp;
945 	int cc, i;
946 	u_char *packet;
947 
948 	packet = outpack;
949 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
950 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
951 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
952 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
953 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
954 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
955 
956 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
957 
958 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
959 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
960 
961 		tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
962 		tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
963 		if (options & F_TIME)
964 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
965 				* 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
966 		if (timing)
967 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
968 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
969 			    sizeof(tv32));
970 	}
971 
972 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
973 
974 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
975 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
976 
977 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
978 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
979 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
980 		ip->ip_len = cc;
981 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
982 		packet = outpackhdr;
983 	}
984 	i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
985 	    sizeof(whereto));
986 
987 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
988 		if (i < 0) {
989 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
990 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
991 				return;
992 			}
993 			warn("sendto");
994 		} else {
995 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
996 			     hostname, i, cc);
997 		}
998 	}
999 	ntransmitted++;
1000 	sntransmitted++;
1001 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1002 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1003 }
1004 
1005 /*
1006  * pr_pack --
1007  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1008  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1009  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1010  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1011  */
1012 static void
1013 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1014 {
1015 	struct in_addr ina;
1016 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1017 	struct icmp *icp;
1018 	struct ip *ip;
1019 	const void *tp;
1020 	double triptime;
1021 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1022 	static int old_rrlen;
1023 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1024 
1025 	/* Check the IP header */
1026 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1027 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1028 	recv_len = cc;
1029 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1030 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1031 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1032 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1033 		return;
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1037 	cc -= hlen;
1038 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1039 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1040 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1041 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1042 		++nreceived;
1043 		triptime = 0.0;
1044 		if (timing) {
1045 			struct timeval tv1;
1046 			struct tv32 tv32;
1047 #ifndef icmp_data
1048 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1049 #else
1050 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1051 #endif
1052 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1053 
1054 			if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1055 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1056 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1057 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1058 				tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1059 				tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1060  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1061  				    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1062 				tsum += triptime;
1063 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1064 				if (triptime < tmin)
1065 					tmin = triptime;
1066 				if (triptime > tmax)
1067 					tmax = triptime;
1068 			} else
1069 				timing = 0;
1070 		}
1071 
1072 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1073 
1074 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1075 			++nrepeats;
1076 			--nreceived;
1077 			dupflag = 1;
1078 		} else {
1079 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1080 			dupflag = 0;
1081 		}
1082 
1083 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1084 			return;
1085 
1086 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1087 			++nrcvtimeout;
1088 			return;
1089 		}
1090 
1091 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1092 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1093 		else {
1094 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1095 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1096 			   seq);
1097 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1098 			if (timing)
1099 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1100 			if (dupflag)
1101 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1102 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1103 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1104 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1105 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1106 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1107 					pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1108 			}
1109 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1110 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1111 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1112 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1113 			}
1114 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1115                         	(void)printf(
1116 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1117 				     recv_len, send_len);
1118 			}
1119 			/* check the data */
1120 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1121 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1122 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1123 			i = 0;
1124 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1125 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1126 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1127 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1128 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1129 			}
1130 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1131 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1132 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1133 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1134 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1135 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1136 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1137 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1138 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1139 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1140 					}
1141 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1142 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1143 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1144 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1145 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1146 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1147 					}
1148 					break;
1149 				}
1150 			}
1151 		}
1152 	} else {
1153 		/*
1154 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1155 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1156 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1157 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1158 		 *
1159 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1160 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1161 		 * available to those not running as root.
1162 		 */
1163 #ifndef icmp_data
1164 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1165 #else
1166 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1167 #endif
1168 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1169 
1170 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1171 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1172 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1173 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1174 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1175 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1176 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1177 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1178 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1179 		} else
1180 		    return;
1181 	}
1182 
1183 	/* Display any IP options */
1184 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1185 
1186 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1187 		switch (*cp) {
1188 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1189 			hlen = 0;
1190 			break;
1191 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1192 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1193 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1194 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1195 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1196 			hlen -= 2;
1197 			cp += 2;
1198 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1199 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1200 				for (;;) {
1201 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1202 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1203 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1204 					else
1205 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1206 						     pr_addr(ina));
1207 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1208 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1209 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1210 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1211 						break;
1212 					(void)putchar('\n');
1213 				}
1214 			} else
1215 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1216 			break;
1217 		case IPOPT_RR:
1218 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1219 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1220 			hlen -= 2;
1221 			cp += 2;
1222 			if (i > j)
1223 				i = j;
1224 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1225 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1226 				old_rrlen = 0;
1227 				continue;
1228 			}
1229 			if (i == old_rrlen
1230 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1231 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1232 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1233 				hlen -= i;
1234 				cp += i;
1235 				break;
1236 			}
1237 			old_rrlen = i;
1238 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1239 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1240 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1241 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1242 				for (;;) {
1243 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1244 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1245 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1246 					else
1247 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1248 						     pr_addr(ina));
1249 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1250 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1251 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1252 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1253 						break;
1254 					(void)putchar('\n');
1255 				}
1256 			} else
1257 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1258 			break;
1259 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1260 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1261 			break;
1262 		default:
1263 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1264 			break;
1265 		}
1266 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1267 		(void)putchar('\n');
1268 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1269 	}
1270 }
1271 
1272 /*
1273  * in_cksum --
1274  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1275  */
1276 u_short
1277 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1278 {
1279 	int nleft, sum;
1280 	u_short *w;
1281 	union {
1282 		u_short	us;
1283 		u_char	uc[2];
1284 	} last;
1285 	u_short answer;
1286 
1287 	nleft = len;
1288 	sum = 0;
1289 	w = addr;
1290 
1291 	/*
1292 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1293 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1294 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1295 	 */
1296 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1297 		sum += *w++;
1298 		nleft -= 2;
1299 	}
1300 
1301 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1302 	if (nleft == 1) {
1303 		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1304 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1305 		sum += last.us;
1306 	}
1307 
1308 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1309 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1310 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1311 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1312 	return(answer);
1313 }
1314 
1315 /*
1316  * tvsub --
1317  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1318  * be >= in.
1319  */
1320 static void
1321 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1322 {
1323 
1324 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1325 		--out->tv_sec;
1326 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1327 	}
1328 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1329 }
1330 
1331 /*
1332  * status --
1333  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1334  */
1335 
1336 static void
1337 status(int sig __unused)
1338 {
1339 
1340 	siginfo_p = 1;
1341 }
1342 
1343 static void
1344 check_status(void)
1345 {
1346 
1347 	if (siginfo_p) {
1348 		siginfo_p = 0;
1349 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1350 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1351 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1352 		if (nreceived && timing)
1353 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1354 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1355 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1356 	}
1357 }
1358 
1359 /*
1360  * finish --
1361  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1362  */
1363 static void
1364 finish(void)
1365 {
1366 
1367 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1368 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1369 	(void)putchar('\n');
1370 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1371 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1372 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1373 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1374 	if (nrepeats)
1375 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1376 	if (ntransmitted) {
1377 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1378 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1379 		else
1380 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1381 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1382 			    ntransmitted);
1383 	}
1384 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1385 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1386 	(void)putchar('\n');
1387 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1388 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1389 		double avg = tsum / n;
1390 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1391 		(void)printf(
1392 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1393 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1394 	}
1395 
1396 	if (nreceived)
1397 		exit(0);
1398 	else
1399 		exit(2);
1400 }
1401 
1402 #ifdef notdef
1403 static char *ttab[] = {
1404 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1405 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1406 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1407 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1408 	"Echo",
1409 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1410 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1411 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1412 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1413 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1414 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1415 };
1416 #endif
1417 
1418 /*
1419  * pr_icmph --
1420  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1421  */
1422 static void
1423 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1424 {
1425 
1426 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1427 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1428 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1429 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1430 		break;
1431 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1432 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1433 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1434 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1435 			break;
1436 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1437 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1438 			break;
1439 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1440 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1441 			break;
1442 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1443 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1444 			break;
1445 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1446 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1447 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1448 			break;
1449 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1450 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1451 			break;
1452 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1453 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1454 			break;
1455 		default:
1456 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1457 			    icp->icmp_code);
1458 			break;
1459 		}
1460 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1461 #ifndef icmp_data
1462 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1463 #else
1464 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1465 #endif
1466 		break;
1467 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1468 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1469 #ifndef icmp_data
1470 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1471 #else
1472 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1473 #endif
1474 		break;
1475 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1476 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1477 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1478 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1479 			break;
1480 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1481 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1482 			break;
1483 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1484 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1485 			break;
1486 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1487 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1488 			break;
1489 		default:
1490 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1491 			break;
1492 		}
1493 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1494 #ifndef icmp_data
1495 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1496 #else
1497 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1498 #endif
1499 		break;
1500 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1501 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1502 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1503 		break;
1504 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1505 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1506 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1507 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1508 			break;
1509 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1510 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1511 			break;
1512 		default:
1513 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1514 			    icp->icmp_code);
1515 			break;
1516 		}
1517 #ifndef icmp_data
1518 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1519 #else
1520 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1521 #endif
1522 		break;
1523 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1524 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1525 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1526 #ifndef icmp_data
1527 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1528 #else
1529 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1530 #endif
1531 		break;
1532 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1533 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1534 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1535 		break;
1536 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1537 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1538 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1539 		break;
1540 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1541 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1542 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1543 		break;
1544 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1545 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1546 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1547 		break;
1548 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1549 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1550 		break;
1551 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1552 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1553 		break;
1554 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1555 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1556 		break;
1557 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1558 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1559 		break;
1560 	default:
1561 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1562 	}
1563 }
1564 
1565 /*
1566  * pr_iph --
1567  *	Print an IP header with options.
1568  */
1569 static void
1570 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1571 {
1572 	u_char *cp;
1573 	int hlen;
1574 
1575 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1576 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1577 
1578 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1579 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1580 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1581 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1582 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1583 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1584 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1585 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1586 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1587 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1588 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1589 	/* dump any option bytes */
1590 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1591 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1592 	}
1593 	(void)putchar('\n');
1594 }
1595 
1596 /*
1597  * pr_addr --
1598  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1599  * a hostname.
1600  */
1601 static char *
1602 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1603 {
1604 	struct hostent *hp;
1605 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1606 
1607 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1608 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1609 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1610 	else
1611 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1612 		    inet_ntoa(ina));
1613 	return(buf);
1614 }
1615 
1616 /*
1617  * pr_retip --
1618  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1619  */
1620 static void
1621 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1622 {
1623 	u_char *cp;
1624 	int hlen;
1625 
1626 	pr_iph(ip);
1627 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1628 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1629 
1630 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1631 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1632 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1633 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1634 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1635 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1636 }
1637 
1638 static char *
1639 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1640 {
1641 	static char buf[10];
1642 	int hour, min, sec;
1643 
1644 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1645 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1646 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1647 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1648 
1649 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1650 
1651 	return (buf);
1652 }
1653 
1654 static void
1655 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1656 {
1657 	char *cp;
1658 	int pat[16];
1659 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1660 
1661 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1662 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1663 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1664 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1665 
1666 	}
1667 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1668 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1669 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1670 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1671 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1672 
1673 	if (ii > 0)
1674 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1675 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1676 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1677 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1678 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1679 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1680 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1681 		(void)printf("\n");
1682 	}
1683 }
1684 
1685 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1686 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1687 #else
1688 #define	SECOPT		""
1689 #endif
1690 static void
1691 usage(void)
1692 {
1693 
1694 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1695 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1696 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1697 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1698 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1699 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1700 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1701 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1702 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1703 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1704 }
1705