xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 86aa9539fef591a363b06a0ebd3aa7a07f4c1579)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <signal.h>
95 #include <stdio.h>
96 #include <stdlib.h>
97 #include <string.h>
98 #include <sysexits.h>
99 #include <time.h>
100 #include <unistd.h>
101 
102 #include "utils.h"
103 
104 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
105 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
106 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
107 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
108 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
109 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
110 					/* runs out of buffer space */
111 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
112 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
113 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
114 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
115 #define	MAXTOS		255
116 
117 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
118 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
119 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
120 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
121 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
122 
123 struct tv32 {
124 	int32_t tv32_sec;
125 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
126 };
127 
128 /* various options */
129 static int options;
130 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
131 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
132 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
133 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
134 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
135 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
136 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
137 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
138 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
139 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
140 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
141 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
142 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
143 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
144 #ifdef IPSEC
145 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
146 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
147 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
148 #endif /*IPSEC*/
149 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
150 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
151 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
152 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
153 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
154 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
155 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
156 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
157 
158 /*
159  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
160  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
161  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
162  */
163 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
164 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
165 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
166 
167 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
168 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
169 static int maxpayload;
170 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
171 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
172 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
173 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
174 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
175 static char DOT = '.';
176 static char *hostname;
177 static char *shostname;
178 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
179 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
180 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
181 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
182 static int phdr_len = 0;
183 static int send_len;
184 
185 /* counters */
186 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
187 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
188 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
189 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
190 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
191 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
192 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
193 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
194 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
195 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
196 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
197 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
198 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
199 
200 /* timing */
201 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
202 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
203 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
204 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
205 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
206 
207 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
208 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
209 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
210 
211 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
212 
213 static void fill(char *, char *);
214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
215 static void check_status(void);
216 static void finish(void) __dead2;
217 static void pinger(void);
218 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
219 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
220 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
221 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
222 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
223 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
224 static void status(int);
225 static void stopit(int);
226 static void usage(void) __dead2;
227 
228 int
229 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
230 {
231 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
232 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
233 	struct timespec last, intvl;
234 	struct iovec iov;
235 	struct ip *ip;
236 	struct msghdr msg;
237 	struct sigaction si_sa;
238 	size_t sz;
239 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
240 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
241 	struct hostent *hp;
242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
243 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
244 #endif
245 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
246 	double t;
247 	u_long alarmtimeout;
248 	long ltmp;
249 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
250 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
251 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
252 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
254 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
255 #endif
256 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
257 
258 	payload = source = NULL;
259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
260 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
261 #endif
262 	cap_rights_t rights;
263 
264 	/*
265 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
266 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
267 	 * after arg parsing.
268 	 *
269 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
270 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
271 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
272 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
273 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
274 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
275 	 * packets.
276 	 */
277 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
278 	ssend_errno = errno;
279 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280 	srecv_errno = errno;
281 
282 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
283 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
284 	uid = getuid();
285 
286 	if (ssend < 0) {
287 		errno = ssend_errno;
288 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
289 	}
290 
291 	if (srecv < 0) {
292 		errno = srecv_errno;
293 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
294 	}
295 
296 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
297 
298 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
299 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
300 		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
301 #ifdef IPSEC
302 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
303 		"P:"
304 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
305 #endif /*IPSEC*/
306 		)) != -1)
307 	{
308 		switch(ch) {
309 		case 'A':
310 			options |= F_MISSED;
311 			break;
312 		case 'a':
313 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
314 			break;
315 		case 'c':
316 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
317 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
318 				errx(EX_USAGE,
319 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
320 				    optarg);
321 			npackets = ltmp;
322 			break;
323 		case 'D':
324 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
325 			df = 1;
326 			break;
327 		case 'd':
328 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
329 			break;
330 		case 'f':
331 			if (uid) {
332 				errno = EPERM;
333 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
334 			}
335 			options |= F_FLOOD;
336 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
337 			break;
338 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
339 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
340 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
341 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
342 				    optarg);
343 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
344 				errno = EPERM;
345 				err(EX_NOPERM,
346 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
347 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
348 			}
349 			options |= F_SWEEP;
350 			sweepmax = ltmp;
351 			break;
352 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
353 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
354 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
355 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
356 				    optarg);
357 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
358 				errno = EPERM;
359 				err(EX_NOPERM,
360 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
361 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
362 			}
363 			options |= F_SWEEP;
364 			sweepmin = ltmp;
365 			break;
366 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
367 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
368 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
369 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
370 				    optarg);
371 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
372 				errno = EPERM;
373 				err(EX_NOPERM,
374 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
375 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
376 			}
377 			options |= F_SWEEP;
378 			sweepincr = ltmp;
379 			break;
380 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
381 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
382 				errx(EX_USAGE,
383 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
384 				    optarg);
385 			options |= F_MIF;
386 			break;
387 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
388 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
389 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
390 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
391 				    optarg);
392 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
393 			interval = (int)t;
394 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
395 				errno = EPERM;
396 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
397 			}
398 			break;
399 		case 'L':
400 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
401 			loop = 0;
402 			break;
403 		case 'l':
404 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
405 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
406 				errx(EX_USAGE,
407 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
408 			if (uid) {
409 				errno = EPERM;
410 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
411 			}
412 			preload = ltmp;
413 			break;
414 		case 'M':
415 			switch(optarg[0]) {
416 			case 'M':
417 			case 'm':
418 				options |= F_MASK;
419 				break;
420 			case 'T':
421 			case 't':
422 				options |= F_TIME;
423 				break;
424 			default:
425 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
426 				break;
427 			}
428 			break;
429 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
430 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
431 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
432 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
433 			ttl = ltmp;
434 			options |= F_TTL;
435 			break;
436 		case 'n':
437 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
438 			break;
439 		case 'o':
440 			options |= F_ONCE;
441 			break;
442 #ifdef IPSEC
443 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
444 		case 'P':
445 			options |= F_POLICY;
446 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
447 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
448 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
449 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
450 			else
451 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
452 			break;
453 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
454 #endif /*IPSEC*/
455 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
456 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
457 			payload = optarg;
458 			break;
459 		case 'Q':
460 			options |= F_QUIET2;
461 			break;
462 		case 'q':
463 			options |= F_QUIET;
464 			break;
465 		case 'R':
466 			options |= F_RROUTE;
467 			break;
468 		case 'r':
469 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
470 			break;
471 		case 'S':
472 			source = optarg;
473 			break;
474 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
475 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
476 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
477 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
478 				    optarg);
479 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
480 				errno = EPERM;
481 				err(EX_NOPERM,
482 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
483 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
484 			}
485 			datalen = ltmp;
486 			break;
487 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
488 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
489 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
490 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
491 				    optarg);
492 			mttl = ltmp;
493 			options |= F_MTTL;
494 			break;
495 		case 't':
496 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
497 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
498 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
499 				    optarg);
500 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
501 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
502 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
503 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
504 			break;
505 		case 'v':
506 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
507 			break;
508 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
509 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
510 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
511 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
512 				    optarg);
513 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
514 			waittime = (int)t;
515 			break;
516 		case 'z':
517 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
518 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
519 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
520 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
521 			tos = ltmp;
522 			break;
523 		default:
524 			usage();
525 		}
526 	}
527 
528 	if (argc - optind != 1)
529 		usage();
530 	target = argv[optind];
531 
532 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
533 	case 0: break;
534 	case F_MASK:
535 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
536 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
537 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
538 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
539 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
540 		break;
541 	case F_TIME:
542 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
543 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
544 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
545 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
546 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
547 		break;
548 	default:
549 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
550 		break;
551 	}
552 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
553 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
554 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
555 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
556 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
557 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
558 		    maxpayload);
559 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
560 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
561 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
562 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
563 	}
564 	capdns = capdns_setup();
565 	if (source) {
566 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
567 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
568 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
569 			shostname = source;
570 		} else {
571 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
572 			if (!hp)
573 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
574 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
575 
576 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
577 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
578 			    hp->h_length < 0)
579 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
580 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
581 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
582 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
583 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
584 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
585 			shostname = snamebuf;
586 		}
587 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
588 		    -1)
589 			err(1, "bind");
590 	}
591 
592 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
593 	to = &whereto;
594 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
595 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
596 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
597 		hostname = target;
598 	} else {
599 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
600 		if (!hp)
601 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
602 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
603 
604 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
605 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
606 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
607 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
608 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
609 		hostname = hnamebuf;
610 	}
611 
612 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
613 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
614 	if (capdns != NULL) {
615 		const char *types[1];
616 
617 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
618 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
619 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
620 	}
621 #endif
622 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
623 		err(1, "connect");
624 
625 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
626 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
627 
628 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
629 		errx(EX_USAGE,
630 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
631 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
632 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
633 		errx(EX_USAGE,
634 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
635 
636 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
637 		timing = 1;
638 
639 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
640 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
641 			*datap++ = i;
642 
643 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
644 
645 	hold = 1;
646 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
647 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
648 		    sizeof(hold));
649 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
650 		    sizeof(hold));
651 	}
652 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
653 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
654 		    sizeof(hold));
655 #ifdef IPSEC
656 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
657 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
658 		char *buf;
659 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
660 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
661 			if (buf == NULL)
662 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
663 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
664 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
665 				err(EX_CONFIG,
666 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
667 			free(buf);
668 		}
669 
670 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
671 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
672 			if (buf == NULL)
673 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
674 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
675 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
676 				err(EX_CONFIG,
677 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
678 			free(buf);
679 		}
680 	}
681 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
682 #endif /*IPSEC*/
683 
684 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
685 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
686 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
687 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
688 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
689 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
690 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
691 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
692 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
693 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
694 		}
695 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
696 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
697 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
698 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
699 		ip->ip_id = 0;
700 		ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
701 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
702 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
703 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
704 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
705         }
706 
707 	/*
708 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
709 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
710 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
711 	 */
712 	caph_cache_catpages();
713 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
714 		err(1, "cap_enter");
715 
716 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
717 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
718 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
719 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
720 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
721 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
722 
723 	/* record route option */
724 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
725 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
726 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
727 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
728 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
729 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
730 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
731 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
732 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
733 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
734 #else
735 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
736 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
737 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
738 	}
739 
740 	if (options & F_TTL) {
741 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
742 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
743 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
744 		}
745 	}
746 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
747 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
748 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
749 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
750 		}
751 	}
752 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
753 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
754 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
755 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
756 		}
757 	}
758 	if (options & F_MIF) {
759 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
760 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
761 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
762 		}
763 	}
764 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
765 	{
766 		int on = 1;
767 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
768 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
769 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
770 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
771 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
772 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
773 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
774 	}
775 #endif
776 	if (sweepmax) {
777 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
778 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
779 
780 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
781 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
782 
783 		if (npackets > 0) {
784 			snpackets = npackets;
785 			npackets = 0;
786 		} else
787 			snpackets = 1;
788 		datalen = sweepmin;
789 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
790 	}
791 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
792 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
793 
794 	/*
795 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
796 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
797 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
798 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
799 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
800 	 */
801 
802 	/*
803 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
804 	 * as well.
805 	 */
806 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
807 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
808 	    sizeof(hold));
809 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
810 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
811 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
812 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
813 	if (uid == 0)
814 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
815 		    sizeof(hold));
816 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
817 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
818 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
819 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
820 
821 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
822 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
823 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
824 		if (source)
825 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
826 		if (sweepmax)
827 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
828 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
829 		else
830 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
831 
832 	} else {
833 		if (sweepmax)
834 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
835 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
836 		else
837 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
838 	}
839 
840 	/*
841 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
842 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
843 	 */
844 
845 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
846 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
847 
848 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
849 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
850 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
851 	}
852 
853 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
854 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
855 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
856 	}
857 
858         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
859 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
860 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
861 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
862         }
863 
864 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
865 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
866 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
867 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
868 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
869 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
870 #endif
871 	iov.iov_base = packet;
872 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
873 
874 	if (preload == 0)
875 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
876 	else {
877 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
878 			preload = npackets;
879 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
880 			pinger();
881 	}
882 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
883 
884 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
885 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
886 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
887 	} else {
888 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
889 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
890 	}
891 
892 	almost_done = 0;
893 	while (!finish_up) {
894 		struct timespec now, timeout;
895 		fd_set rfds;
896 		int cc, n;
897 
898 		check_status();
899 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
900 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
901 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
902 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
903 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
904 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
905 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
906 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
907 			timespecclear(&timeout);
908 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
909 		if (n < 0)
910 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
911 		if (n == 1) {
912 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
913 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
914 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
915 
916 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
917 #endif
918 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
919 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
920 				if (errno == EINTR)
921 					continue;
922 				warn("recvmsg");
923 				continue;
924 			}
925 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
926 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
927 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
928 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
929 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
930 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
931 				tv = &now;
932 			}
933 #endif
934 			if (tv == NULL) {
935 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
936 				tv = &now;
937 			}
938 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
939 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
940 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
941 				break;
942 		}
943 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
944 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
945 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
946 					*datap++ = i;
947 				datalen += sweepincr;
948 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
949 					break;
950 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
951 				sntransmitted = 0;
952 			}
953 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
954 				pinger();
955 			else {
956 				if (almost_done)
957 					break;
958 				almost_done = 1;
959 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
960 				if (nreceived) {
961 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
962 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
963 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
964 				} else {
965 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
966 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
967 				}
968 			}
969 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
970 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
971 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
972 				if (options & F_MISSED)
973 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
974 			}
975 		}
976 	}
977 	finish();
978 	/* NOTREACHED */
979 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
980 }
981 
982 /*
983  * stopit --
984  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
985  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
986  * to be called from a signal handler.
987  */
988 void
989 stopit(int sig __unused)
990 {
991 
992 	/*
993 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
994 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
995 	 */
996 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
997 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
998 	finish_up = 1;
999 }
1000 
1001 /*
1002  * pinger --
1003  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1004  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1005  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1006  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1007  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1008  */
1009 static void
1010 pinger(void)
1011 {
1012 	struct timespec now;
1013 	struct tv32 tv32;
1014 	struct ip *ip;
1015 	struct icmp *icp;
1016 	int cc, i;
1017 	u_char *packet;
1018 
1019 	packet = outpack;
1020 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1021 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1022 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
1023 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1024 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1025 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1026 
1027 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1028 
1029 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1030 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1031 		/*
1032 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1033 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1034 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1035 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1036 		 */
1037 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1038 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1039 		if (options & F_TIME)
1040 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1041 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1042 		if (timing)
1043 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1044 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1045 			    sizeof(tv32));
1046 	}
1047 
1048 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1049 
1050 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1051 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_char *)icp, cc);
1052 
1053 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1054 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1055 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1056 		ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1057 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1058 		packet = outpackhdr;
1059 	}
1060 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1061 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1062 		if (i < 0) {
1063 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1064 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1065 				return;
1066 			}
1067 			warn("sendto");
1068 		} else {
1069 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1070 			     hostname, i, cc);
1071 		}
1072 	}
1073 	ntransmitted++;
1074 	sntransmitted++;
1075 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1076 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1077 }
1078 
1079 /*
1080  * pr_pack --
1081  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1082  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1083  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1084  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1085  */
1086 static void
1087 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1088 {
1089 	struct in_addr ina;
1090 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1091 	struct icmp *icp;
1092 	struct ip *ip;
1093 	const void *tp;
1094 	double triptime;
1095 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1096 	uint16_t seq;
1097 	static int old_rrlen;
1098 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1099 
1100 	/* Check the IP header */
1101 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1102 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1103 	recv_len = cc;
1104 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1105 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1106 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1107 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1108 		return;
1109 	}
1110 
1111 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1112 	cc -= hlen;
1113 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1114 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1115 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1116 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1117 		++nreceived;
1118 		triptime = 0.0;
1119 		if (timing) {
1120 			struct timespec tv1;
1121 			struct tv32 tv32;
1122 #ifndef icmp_data
1123 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1124 #else
1125 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1126 #endif
1127 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1128 
1129 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1130 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1131 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1132 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1133 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1134 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1135 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1136  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1137 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1138 				tsum += triptime;
1139 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1140 				if (triptime < tmin)
1141 					tmin = triptime;
1142 				if (triptime > tmax)
1143 					tmax = triptime;
1144 			} else
1145 				timing = 0;
1146 		}
1147 
1148 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1149 
1150 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1151 			++nrepeats;
1152 			--nreceived;
1153 			dupflag = 1;
1154 		} else {
1155 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1156 			dupflag = 0;
1157 		}
1158 
1159 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1160 			return;
1161 
1162 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1163 			++nrcvtimeout;
1164 			return;
1165 		}
1166 
1167 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1168 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1169 		else {
1170 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1171 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1172 			   seq);
1173 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1174 			if (timing)
1175 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1176 			if (dupflag)
1177 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1178 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1179 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1180 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1181 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1182 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1183 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1184 			}
1185 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1186 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1187 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1188 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1189 			}
1190 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1191                         	(void)printf(
1192 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1193 				     recv_len, send_len);
1194 			}
1195 			/* check the data */
1196 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1197 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1198 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1199 			i = 0;
1200 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1201 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1202 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1203 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1204 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1205 			}
1206 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1207 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1208 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1209 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1210 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1211 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1212 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1213 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1214 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1215 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1216 					}
1217 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1218 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1219 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1220 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1221 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1222 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1223 					}
1224 					break;
1225 				}
1226 			}
1227 		}
1228 	} else {
1229 		/*
1230 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1231 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1232 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1233 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1234 		 *
1235 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1236 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1237 		 * available to those not running as root.
1238 		 */
1239 #ifndef icmp_data
1240 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1241 #else
1242 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1243 #endif
1244 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1245 
1246 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1247 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1248 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1249 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1250 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1251 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1252 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1253 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1254 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1255 		} else
1256 		    return;
1257 	}
1258 
1259 	/* Display any IP options */
1260 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1261 
1262 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1263 		switch (*cp) {
1264 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1265 			hlen = 0;
1266 			break;
1267 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1268 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1269 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1270 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1271 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1272 			hlen -= 2;
1273 			cp += 2;
1274 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1275 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1276 				for (;;) {
1277 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1278 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1279 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1280 					else
1281 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1282 						     pr_addr(ina));
1283 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1284 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1285 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1286 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1287 						break;
1288 					(void)putchar('\n');
1289 				}
1290 			} else
1291 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1292 			break;
1293 		case IPOPT_RR:
1294 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1295 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1296 			hlen -= 2;
1297 			cp += 2;
1298 			if (i > j)
1299 				i = j;
1300 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1301 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1302 				old_rrlen = 0;
1303 				continue;
1304 			}
1305 			if (i == old_rrlen
1306 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1307 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1308 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1309 				hlen -= i;
1310 				cp += i;
1311 				break;
1312 			}
1313 			old_rrlen = i;
1314 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1315 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1316 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1317 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1318 				for (;;) {
1319 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1320 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1321 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1322 					else
1323 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1324 						     pr_addr(ina));
1325 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1326 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1327 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1328 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1329 						break;
1330 					(void)putchar('\n');
1331 				}
1332 			} else
1333 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1334 			break;
1335 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1336 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1337 			break;
1338 		default:
1339 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1340 			break;
1341 		}
1342 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1343 		(void)putchar('\n');
1344 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1345 	}
1346 }
1347 
1348 /*
1349  * status --
1350  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1351  */
1352 
1353 static void
1354 status(int sig __unused)
1355 {
1356 
1357 	siginfo_p = 1;
1358 }
1359 
1360 static void
1361 check_status(void)
1362 {
1363 
1364 	if (siginfo_p) {
1365 		siginfo_p = 0;
1366 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1367 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1368 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1369 		if (nreceived && timing)
1370 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1371 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1372 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1373 	}
1374 }
1375 
1376 /*
1377  * finish --
1378  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1379  */
1380 static void
1381 finish(void)
1382 {
1383 
1384 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1385 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1386 	(void)putchar('\n');
1387 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1388 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1389 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1390 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1391 	if (nrepeats)
1392 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1393 	if (ntransmitted) {
1394 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1395 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1396 		else
1397 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1398 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1399 			    ntransmitted);
1400 	}
1401 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1402 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1403 	(void)putchar('\n');
1404 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1405 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1406 		double avg = tsum / n;
1407 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1408 		(void)printf(
1409 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1410 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1411 	}
1412 
1413 	if (nreceived)
1414 		exit(0);
1415 	else
1416 		exit(2);
1417 }
1418 
1419 #ifdef notdef
1420 static char *ttab[] = {
1421 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1422 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1423 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1424 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1425 	"Echo",
1426 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1427 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1428 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1429 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1430 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1431 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1432 };
1433 #endif
1434 
1435 /*
1436  * pr_icmph --
1437  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1438  */
1439 static void
1440 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1441 {
1442 
1443 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1444 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1445 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1446 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1447 		break;
1448 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1449 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1450 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1451 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1452 			break;
1453 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1454 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1455 			break;
1456 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1457 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1458 			break;
1459 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1460 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1461 			break;
1462 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1463 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1464 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1465 			break;
1466 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1467 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1468 			break;
1469 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1470 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1471 			break;
1472 		default:
1473 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1474 			    icp->icmp_code);
1475 			break;
1476 		}
1477 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1478 #ifndef icmp_data
1479 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1480 #else
1481 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1482 #endif
1483 		break;
1484 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1485 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1486 #ifndef icmp_data
1487 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1488 #else
1489 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1490 #endif
1491 		break;
1492 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1493 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1494 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1495 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1496 			break;
1497 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1498 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1499 			break;
1500 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1501 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1502 			break;
1503 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1504 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1505 			break;
1506 		default:
1507 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1508 			break;
1509 		}
1510 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1511 #ifndef icmp_data
1512 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1513 #else
1514 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1515 #endif
1516 		break;
1517 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1518 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1519 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1520 		break;
1521 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1522 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1523 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1524 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1525 			break;
1526 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1527 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1528 			break;
1529 		default:
1530 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1531 			    icp->icmp_code);
1532 			break;
1533 		}
1534 #ifndef icmp_data
1535 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1536 #else
1537 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1538 #endif
1539 		break;
1540 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1541 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1542 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1543 #ifndef icmp_data
1544 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1545 #else
1546 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1547 #endif
1548 		break;
1549 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1550 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1551 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1552 		break;
1553 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1554 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1555 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1556 		break;
1557 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1558 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1559 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1560 		break;
1561 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1562 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1563 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1564 		break;
1565 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1566 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1567 		break;
1568 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1569 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1570 		break;
1571 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1572 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1573 		break;
1574 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1575 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1576 		break;
1577 	default:
1578 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1579 	}
1580 }
1581 
1582 /*
1583  * pr_iph --
1584  *	Print an IP header with options.
1585  */
1586 static void
1587 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1588 {
1589 	struct in_addr ina;
1590 	u_char *cp;
1591 	int hlen;
1592 
1593 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1594 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1595 
1596 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1597 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1598 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1599 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1600 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1601 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1602 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1603 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1604 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1605 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1606 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1607 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1608 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1609 	/* dump any option bytes */
1610 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1611 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1612 	}
1613 	(void)putchar('\n');
1614 }
1615 
1616 /*
1617  * pr_addr --
1618  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1619  * a hostname.
1620  */
1621 static char *
1622 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1623 {
1624 	struct hostent *hp;
1625 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1626 
1627 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1628 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1629 
1630 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1631 
1632 	if (hp == NULL)
1633 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1634 
1635 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1636 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1637 	return(buf);
1638 }
1639 
1640 /*
1641  * pr_retip --
1642  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1643  */
1644 static void
1645 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1646 {
1647 	u_char *cp;
1648 	int hlen;
1649 
1650 	pr_iph(ip);
1651 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1652 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1653 
1654 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1655 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1656 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1657 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1658 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1659 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1660 }
1661 
1662 static char *
1663 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1664 {
1665 	static char buf[11];
1666 	int hour, min, sec;
1667 
1668 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1669 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1670 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1671 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1672 
1673 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1674 
1675 	return (buf);
1676 }
1677 
1678 static void
1679 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1680 {
1681 	char *cp;
1682 	int pat[16];
1683 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1684 
1685 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1686 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1687 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1688 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1689 
1690 	}
1691 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1692 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1693 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1694 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1695 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1696 
1697 	if (ii > 0)
1698 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1699 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1700 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1701 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1702 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1703 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1704 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1705 		(void)printf("\n");
1706 	}
1707 }
1708 
1709 static cap_channel_t *
1710 capdns_setup(void)
1711 {
1712 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1713 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1714 	const char *types[2];
1715 	int families[1];
1716 #endif
1717 	capcas = cap_init();
1718 	if (capcas == NULL)
1719 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1720 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1721 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1722 	cap_close(capcas);
1723 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1724 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1725 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1726 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1727 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1728 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1729 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1730 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1731 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1732 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1733 #endif
1734 	return (capdnsloc);
1735 }
1736 
1737 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1738 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1739 #else
1740 #define	SECOPT		""
1741 #endif
1742 static void
1743 usage(void)
1744 {
1745 
1746 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1747 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1748 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1749 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1750 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1751 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1752 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1753 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1754 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1755 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1756 }
1757