xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 83129c0b650734f4ca6c6f9c214aa3110d2f129d)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <signal.h>
95 #include <stdio.h>
96 #include <stdlib.h>
97 #include <string.h>
98 #include <sysexits.h>
99 #include <time.h>
100 #include <unistd.h>
101 
102 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
103 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
104 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
105 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
106 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
107 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
108 					/* runs out of buffer space */
109 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
110 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
111 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
112 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
113 #define	MAXTOS		255
114 
115 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
116 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
117 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
118 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
119 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
120 
121 struct tv32 {
122 	int32_t tv32_sec;
123 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
124 };
125 
126 /* various options */
127 static int options;
128 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
129 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
130 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
131 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
132 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
133 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
134 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
135 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
136 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
137 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
138 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
139 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
140 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
141 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
142 #ifdef IPSEC
143 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
144 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
145 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
146 #endif /*IPSEC*/
147 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
148 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
149 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
150 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
151 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
152 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
153 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
154 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
155 
156 /*
157  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
158  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
159  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
160  */
161 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
162 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
163 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
164 
165 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
166 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
167 static int maxpayload;
168 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
169 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
170 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
171 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
172 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
173 static char DOT = '.';
174 static char *hostname;
175 static char *shostname;
176 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
177 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
178 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
179 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
180 static int phdr_len = 0;
181 static int send_len;
182 
183 /* counters */
184 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
185 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
186 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
187 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
188 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
189 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
190 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
191 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
192 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
193 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
194 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
195 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
196 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
197 
198 /* timing */
199 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
200 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
201 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
202 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
203 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
204 
205 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
206 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
207 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
208 
209 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
210 
211 static void fill(char *, char *);
212 static u_short in_cksum(u_char *, int);
213 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
214 static void check_status(void);
215 static void finish(void) __dead2;
216 static void pinger(void);
217 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
218 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
219 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
220 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
221 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
222 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
223 static void status(int);
224 static void stopit(int);
225 static void usage(void) __dead2;
226 
227 int
228 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
229 {
230 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
231 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
232 	struct timespec last, intvl;
233 	struct iovec iov;
234 	struct ip *ip;
235 	struct msghdr msg;
236 	struct sigaction si_sa;
237 	size_t sz;
238 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
239 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
240 	struct hostent *hp;
241 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
242 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
243 #endif
244 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
245 	double t;
246 	u_long alarmtimeout;
247 	long ltmp;
248 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
249 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
250 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
251 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
252 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
253 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
254 #endif
255 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
256 
257 	payload = source = NULL;
258 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
259 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
260 #endif
261 	cap_rights_t rights;
262 
263 	/*
264 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
265 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
266 	 * after arg parsing.
267 	 *
268 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
269 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
270 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
271 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
272 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
273 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
274 	 * packets.
275 	 */
276 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
277 	ssend_errno = errno;
278 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
279 	srecv_errno = errno;
280 
281 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
282 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
283 	uid = getuid();
284 
285 	if (ssend < 0) {
286 		errno = ssend_errno;
287 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
288 	}
289 
290 	if (srecv < 0) {
291 		errno = srecv_errno;
292 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
293 	}
294 
295 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
296 
297 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
298 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
299 		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
300 #ifdef IPSEC
301 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
302 		"P:"
303 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
304 #endif /*IPSEC*/
305 		)) != -1)
306 	{
307 		switch(ch) {
308 		case 'A':
309 			options |= F_MISSED;
310 			break;
311 		case 'a':
312 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
313 			break;
314 		case 'c':
315 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
316 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
317 				errx(EX_USAGE,
318 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
319 				    optarg);
320 			npackets = ltmp;
321 			break;
322 		case 'D':
323 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
324 			df = 1;
325 			break;
326 		case 'd':
327 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
328 			break;
329 		case 'f':
330 			if (uid) {
331 				errno = EPERM;
332 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
333 			}
334 			options |= F_FLOOD;
335 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
336 			break;
337 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
338 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
339 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
340 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
341 				    optarg);
342 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
343 				errno = EPERM;
344 				err(EX_NOPERM,
345 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
346 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
347 			}
348 			options |= F_SWEEP;
349 			sweepmax = ltmp;
350 			break;
351 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
352 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
353 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
354 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
355 				    optarg);
356 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
357 				errno = EPERM;
358 				err(EX_NOPERM,
359 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
360 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
361 			}
362 			options |= F_SWEEP;
363 			sweepmin = ltmp;
364 			break;
365 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
366 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
367 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
368 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
369 				    optarg);
370 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
371 				errno = EPERM;
372 				err(EX_NOPERM,
373 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
374 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
375 			}
376 			options |= F_SWEEP;
377 			sweepincr = ltmp;
378 			break;
379 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
380 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
381 				errx(EX_USAGE,
382 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
383 				    optarg);
384 			options |= F_MIF;
385 			break;
386 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
387 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
388 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
389 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
390 				    optarg);
391 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
392 			interval = (int)t;
393 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
394 				errno = EPERM;
395 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
396 			}
397 			break;
398 		case 'L':
399 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
400 			loop = 0;
401 			break;
402 		case 'l':
403 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
404 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
405 				errx(EX_USAGE,
406 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
407 			if (uid) {
408 				errno = EPERM;
409 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
410 			}
411 			preload = ltmp;
412 			break;
413 		case 'M':
414 			switch(optarg[0]) {
415 			case 'M':
416 			case 'm':
417 				options |= F_MASK;
418 				break;
419 			case 'T':
420 			case 't':
421 				options |= F_TIME;
422 				break;
423 			default:
424 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
425 				break;
426 			}
427 			break;
428 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
429 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
430 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
431 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
432 			ttl = ltmp;
433 			options |= F_TTL;
434 			break;
435 		case 'n':
436 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
437 			break;
438 		case 'o':
439 			options |= F_ONCE;
440 			break;
441 #ifdef IPSEC
442 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
443 		case 'P':
444 			options |= F_POLICY;
445 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
446 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
447 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
448 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
449 			else
450 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
451 			break;
452 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
453 #endif /*IPSEC*/
454 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
455 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
456 			payload = optarg;
457 			break;
458 		case 'Q':
459 			options |= F_QUIET2;
460 			break;
461 		case 'q':
462 			options |= F_QUIET;
463 			break;
464 		case 'R':
465 			options |= F_RROUTE;
466 			break;
467 		case 'r':
468 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
469 			break;
470 		case 'S':
471 			source = optarg;
472 			break;
473 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
474 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
475 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
476 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
477 				    optarg);
478 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
479 				errno = EPERM;
480 				err(EX_NOPERM,
481 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
482 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
483 			}
484 			datalen = ltmp;
485 			break;
486 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
487 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
488 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
489 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
490 				    optarg);
491 			mttl = ltmp;
492 			options |= F_MTTL;
493 			break;
494 		case 't':
495 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
496 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
497 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
498 				    optarg);
499 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
500 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
501 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
502 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
503 			break;
504 		case 'v':
505 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
506 			break;
507 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
508 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
509 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
510 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
511 				    optarg);
512 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
513 			waittime = (int)t;
514 			break;
515 		case 'z':
516 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
517 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
518 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
519 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
520 			tos = ltmp;
521 			break;
522 		default:
523 			usage();
524 		}
525 	}
526 
527 	if (argc - optind != 1)
528 		usage();
529 	target = argv[optind];
530 
531 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
532 	case 0: break;
533 	case F_MASK:
534 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
535 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
536 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
537 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
538 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
539 		break;
540 	case F_TIME:
541 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
542 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
543 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
544 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
545 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
546 		break;
547 	default:
548 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
549 		break;
550 	}
551 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
552 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
553 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
554 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
555 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
556 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
557 		    maxpayload);
558 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
559 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
560 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
561 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
562 	}
563 	capdns = capdns_setup();
564 	if (source) {
565 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
566 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
567 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
568 			shostname = source;
569 		} else {
570 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
571 			if (!hp)
572 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
573 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
574 
575 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
576 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
577 			    hp->h_length < 0)
578 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
579 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
580 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
581 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
582 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
583 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
584 			shostname = snamebuf;
585 		}
586 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
587 		    -1)
588 			err(1, "bind");
589 	}
590 
591 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
592 	to = &whereto;
593 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
594 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
595 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
596 		hostname = target;
597 	} else {
598 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
599 		if (!hp)
600 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
601 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
602 
603 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
604 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
605 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
606 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
607 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
608 		hostname = hnamebuf;
609 	}
610 
611 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
612 	if (capdns != NULL) {
613 		const char *types[1];
614 
615 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
616 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
617 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
618 	}
619 
620 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
621 		err(1, "connect");
622 
623 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
624 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
625 
626 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
627 		errx(EX_USAGE,
628 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
629 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
630 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
631 		errx(EX_USAGE,
632 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
633 
634 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
635 		timing = 1;
636 
637 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
638 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
639 			*datap++ = i;
640 
641 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
642 
643 	hold = 1;
644 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
645 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
646 		    sizeof(hold));
647 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
648 		    sizeof(hold));
649 	}
650 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
651 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
652 		    sizeof(hold));
653 #ifdef IPSEC
654 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
655 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
656 		char *buf;
657 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
658 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
659 			if (buf == NULL)
660 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
661 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
662 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
663 				err(EX_CONFIG,
664 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
665 			free(buf);
666 		}
667 
668 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
669 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
670 			if (buf == NULL)
671 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
672 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
673 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
674 				err(EX_CONFIG,
675 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
676 			free(buf);
677 		}
678 	}
679 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
680 #endif /*IPSEC*/
681 
682 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
683 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
684 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
685 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
686 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
687 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
688 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
689 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
690 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
691 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
692 		}
693 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
694 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
695 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
696 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
697 		ip->ip_id = 0;
698 		ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
699 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
700 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
701 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
702 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
703         }
704 
705 	/*
706 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
707 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
708 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
709 	 */
710 	caph_cache_catpages();
711 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
712 		err(1, "cap_enter");
713 
714 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
715 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
716 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
717 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
718 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
719 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
720 
721 	/* record route option */
722 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
723 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
724 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
725 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
726 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
727 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
728 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
729 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
730 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
731 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
732 #else
733 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
734 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
735 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
736 	}
737 
738 	if (options & F_TTL) {
739 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
740 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
741 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
742 		}
743 	}
744 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
745 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
746 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
747 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
748 		}
749 	}
750 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
751 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
752 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
753 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
754 		}
755 	}
756 	if (options & F_MIF) {
757 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
758 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
759 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
760 		}
761 	}
762 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
763 	{
764 		int on = 1;
765 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
766 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
767 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
768 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
769 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
770 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
771 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
772 	}
773 #endif
774 	if (sweepmax) {
775 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
776 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
777 
778 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
779 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
780 
781 		if (npackets > 0) {
782 			snpackets = npackets;
783 			npackets = 0;
784 		} else
785 			snpackets = 1;
786 		datalen = sweepmin;
787 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
788 	}
789 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
790 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
791 
792 	/*
793 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
794 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
795 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
796 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
797 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
798 	 */
799 
800 	/*
801 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
802 	 * as well.
803 	 */
804 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
805 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
806 	    sizeof(hold));
807 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
808 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
809 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
810 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
811 	if (uid == 0)
812 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
813 		    sizeof(hold));
814 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
815 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
816 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
817 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
818 
819 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
820 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
821 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
822 		if (source)
823 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
824 		if (sweepmax)
825 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
826 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
827 		else
828 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
829 
830 	} else {
831 		if (sweepmax)
832 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
833 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
834 		else
835 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
836 	}
837 
838 	/*
839 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
840 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
841 	 */
842 
843 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
844 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
845 
846 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
847 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
848 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
849 	}
850 
851 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
852 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
853 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
854 	}
855 
856         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
857 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
858 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
859 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
860         }
861 
862 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
863 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
864 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
865 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
866 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
867 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
868 #endif
869 	iov.iov_base = packet;
870 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
871 
872 	if (preload == 0)
873 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
874 	else {
875 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
876 			preload = npackets;
877 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
878 			pinger();
879 	}
880 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
881 
882 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
883 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
884 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
885 	} else {
886 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
887 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
888 	}
889 
890 	almost_done = 0;
891 	while (!finish_up) {
892 		struct timespec now, timeout;
893 		fd_set rfds;
894 		int cc, n;
895 
896 		check_status();
897 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
898 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
899 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
900 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
901 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
902 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
903 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
904 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
905 			timespecclear(&timeout);
906 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
907 		if (n < 0)
908 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
909 		if (n == 1) {
910 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
911 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
912 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
913 
914 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
915 #endif
916 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
917 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
918 				if (errno == EINTR)
919 					continue;
920 				warn("recvmsg");
921 				continue;
922 			}
923 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
924 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
925 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
926 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
927 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
928 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
929 				tv = &now;
930 			}
931 #endif
932 			if (tv == NULL) {
933 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
934 				tv = &now;
935 			}
936 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
937 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
938 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
939 				break;
940 		}
941 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
942 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
943 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
944 					*datap++ = i;
945 				datalen += sweepincr;
946 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
947 					break;
948 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
949 				sntransmitted = 0;
950 			}
951 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
952 				pinger();
953 			else {
954 				if (almost_done)
955 					break;
956 				almost_done = 1;
957 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
958 				if (nreceived) {
959 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
960 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
961 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
962 				} else {
963 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
964 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
965 				}
966 			}
967 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
968 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
969 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
970 				if (options & F_MISSED)
971 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
972 			}
973 		}
974 	}
975 	finish();
976 	/* NOTREACHED */
977 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
978 }
979 
980 /*
981  * stopit --
982  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
983  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
984  * to be called from a signal handler.
985  */
986 void
987 stopit(int sig __unused)
988 {
989 
990 	/*
991 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
992 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
993 	 */
994 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
995 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
996 	finish_up = 1;
997 }
998 
999 /*
1000  * pinger --
1001  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1002  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1003  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1004  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1005  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1006  */
1007 static void
1008 pinger(void)
1009 {
1010 	struct timespec now;
1011 	struct tv32 tv32;
1012 	struct ip *ip;
1013 	struct icmp *icp;
1014 	int cc, i;
1015 	u_char *packet;
1016 
1017 	packet = outpack;
1018 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1019 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1020 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
1021 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1022 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1023 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1024 
1025 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1026 
1027 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1028 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1029 		/*
1030 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1031 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1032 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1033 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1034 		 */
1035 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1036 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1037 		if (options & F_TIME)
1038 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1039 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1040 		if (timing)
1041 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1042 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1043 			    sizeof(tv32));
1044 	}
1045 
1046 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1047 
1048 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1049 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_char *)icp, cc);
1050 
1051 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1052 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1053 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1054 		ip->ip_len = htons(cc);
1055 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1056 		packet = outpackhdr;
1057 	}
1058 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1059 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1060 		if (i < 0) {
1061 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1062 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1063 				return;
1064 			}
1065 			warn("sendto");
1066 		} else {
1067 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1068 			     hostname, i, cc);
1069 		}
1070 	}
1071 	ntransmitted++;
1072 	sntransmitted++;
1073 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1074 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1075 }
1076 
1077 /*
1078  * pr_pack --
1079  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1080  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1081  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1082  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1083  */
1084 static void
1085 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1086 {
1087 	struct in_addr ina;
1088 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1089 	struct icmp *icp;
1090 	struct ip *ip;
1091 	const void *tp;
1092 	double triptime;
1093 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1094 	uint16_t seq;
1095 	static int old_rrlen;
1096 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1097 
1098 	/* Check the IP header */
1099 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1100 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1101 	recv_len = cc;
1102 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1103 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1104 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1105 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1106 		return;
1107 	}
1108 
1109 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1110 	cc -= hlen;
1111 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1112 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1113 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1114 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1115 		++nreceived;
1116 		triptime = 0.0;
1117 		if (timing) {
1118 			struct timespec tv1;
1119 			struct tv32 tv32;
1120 #ifndef icmp_data
1121 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1122 #else
1123 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1124 #endif
1125 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1126 
1127 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1128 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1129 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1130 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1131 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1132 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1133 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1134  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1135 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1136 				tsum += triptime;
1137 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1138 				if (triptime < tmin)
1139 					tmin = triptime;
1140 				if (triptime > tmax)
1141 					tmax = triptime;
1142 			} else
1143 				timing = 0;
1144 		}
1145 
1146 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1147 
1148 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1149 			++nrepeats;
1150 			--nreceived;
1151 			dupflag = 1;
1152 		} else {
1153 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1154 			dupflag = 0;
1155 		}
1156 
1157 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1158 			return;
1159 
1160 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1161 			++nrcvtimeout;
1162 			return;
1163 		}
1164 
1165 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1166 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1167 		else {
1168 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1169 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1170 			   seq);
1171 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1172 			if (timing)
1173 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1174 			if (dupflag)
1175 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1176 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1177 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1178 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1179 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1180 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1181 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1182 			}
1183 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1184 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1185 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1186 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1187 			}
1188 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1189                         	(void)printf(
1190 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1191 				     recv_len, send_len);
1192 			}
1193 			/* check the data */
1194 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1195 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1196 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1197 			i = 0;
1198 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1199 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1200 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1201 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1202 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1203 			}
1204 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1205 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1206 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1207 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1208 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1209 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1210 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1211 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1212 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1213 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1214 					}
1215 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1216 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1217 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1218 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1219 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1220 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1221 					}
1222 					break;
1223 				}
1224 			}
1225 		}
1226 	} else {
1227 		/*
1228 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1229 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1230 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1231 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1232 		 *
1233 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1234 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1235 		 * available to those not running as root.
1236 		 */
1237 #ifndef icmp_data
1238 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1239 #else
1240 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1241 #endif
1242 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1243 
1244 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1245 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1246 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1247 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1248 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1249 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1250 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1251 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1252 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1253 		} else
1254 		    return;
1255 	}
1256 
1257 	/* Display any IP options */
1258 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1259 
1260 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1261 		switch (*cp) {
1262 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1263 			hlen = 0;
1264 			break;
1265 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1266 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1267 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1268 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1269 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1270 			hlen -= 2;
1271 			cp += 2;
1272 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1273 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1274 				for (;;) {
1275 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1276 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1277 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1278 					else
1279 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1280 						     pr_addr(ina));
1281 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1282 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1283 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1284 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1285 						break;
1286 					(void)putchar('\n');
1287 				}
1288 			} else
1289 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1290 			break;
1291 		case IPOPT_RR:
1292 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1293 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1294 			hlen -= 2;
1295 			cp += 2;
1296 			if (i > j)
1297 				i = j;
1298 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1299 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1300 				old_rrlen = 0;
1301 				continue;
1302 			}
1303 			if (i == old_rrlen
1304 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1305 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1306 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1307 				hlen -= i;
1308 				cp += i;
1309 				break;
1310 			}
1311 			old_rrlen = i;
1312 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1313 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1314 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1315 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1316 				for (;;) {
1317 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1318 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1319 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1320 					else
1321 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1322 						     pr_addr(ina));
1323 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1324 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1325 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1326 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1327 						break;
1328 					(void)putchar('\n');
1329 				}
1330 			} else
1331 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1332 			break;
1333 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1334 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1335 			break;
1336 		default:
1337 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1338 			break;
1339 		}
1340 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1341 		(void)putchar('\n');
1342 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1343 	}
1344 }
1345 
1346 /*
1347  * in_cksum --
1348  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1349  */
1350 u_short
1351 in_cksum(u_char *addr, int len)
1352 {
1353 	int nleft, sum;
1354 	u_char *w;
1355 	union {
1356 		u_short	us;
1357 		u_char	uc[2];
1358 	} last;
1359 	u_short answer;
1360 
1361 	nleft = len;
1362 	sum = 0;
1363 	w = addr;
1364 
1365 	/*
1366 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1367 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1368 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1369 	 */
1370 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1371 		u_short data;
1372 
1373 		memcpy(&data, w, sizeof(data));
1374 		sum += data;
1375 		w += sizeof(data);
1376 		nleft -= sizeof(data);
1377 	}
1378 
1379 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1380 	if (nleft == 1) {
1381 		last.uc[0] = *w;
1382 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1383 		sum += last.us;
1384 	}
1385 
1386 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1387 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1388 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1389 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1390 	return(answer);
1391 }
1392 
1393 /*
1394  * status --
1395  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1396  */
1397 
1398 static void
1399 status(int sig __unused)
1400 {
1401 
1402 	siginfo_p = 1;
1403 }
1404 
1405 static void
1406 check_status(void)
1407 {
1408 
1409 	if (siginfo_p) {
1410 		siginfo_p = 0;
1411 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1412 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1413 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1414 		if (nreceived && timing)
1415 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1416 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1417 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1418 	}
1419 }
1420 
1421 /*
1422  * finish --
1423  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1424  */
1425 static void
1426 finish(void)
1427 {
1428 
1429 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1430 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1431 	(void)putchar('\n');
1432 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1433 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1434 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1435 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1436 	if (nrepeats)
1437 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1438 	if (ntransmitted) {
1439 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1440 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1441 		else
1442 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1443 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1444 			    ntransmitted);
1445 	}
1446 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1447 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1448 	(void)putchar('\n');
1449 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1450 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1451 		double avg = tsum / n;
1452 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1453 		(void)printf(
1454 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1455 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1456 	}
1457 
1458 	if (nreceived)
1459 		exit(0);
1460 	else
1461 		exit(2);
1462 }
1463 
1464 #ifdef notdef
1465 static char *ttab[] = {
1466 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1467 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1468 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1469 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1470 	"Echo",
1471 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1472 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1473 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1474 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1475 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1476 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1477 };
1478 #endif
1479 
1480 /*
1481  * pr_icmph --
1482  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1483  */
1484 static void
1485 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1486 {
1487 
1488 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1489 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1490 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1491 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1492 		break;
1493 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1494 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1495 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1496 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1497 			break;
1498 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1499 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1500 			break;
1501 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1502 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1503 			break;
1504 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1505 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1506 			break;
1507 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1508 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1509 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1510 			break;
1511 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1512 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1513 			break;
1514 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1515 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1516 			break;
1517 		default:
1518 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1519 			    icp->icmp_code);
1520 			break;
1521 		}
1522 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1523 #ifndef icmp_data
1524 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1525 #else
1526 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1527 #endif
1528 		break;
1529 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1530 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1531 #ifndef icmp_data
1532 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1533 #else
1534 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1535 #endif
1536 		break;
1537 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1538 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1539 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1540 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1541 			break;
1542 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1543 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1544 			break;
1545 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1546 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1547 			break;
1548 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1549 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1550 			break;
1551 		default:
1552 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1553 			break;
1554 		}
1555 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1556 #ifndef icmp_data
1557 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1558 #else
1559 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1560 #endif
1561 		break;
1562 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1563 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1564 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1565 		break;
1566 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1567 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1568 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1569 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1570 			break;
1571 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1572 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1573 			break;
1574 		default:
1575 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1576 			    icp->icmp_code);
1577 			break;
1578 		}
1579 #ifndef icmp_data
1580 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1581 #else
1582 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1583 #endif
1584 		break;
1585 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1586 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1587 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1588 #ifndef icmp_data
1589 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1590 #else
1591 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1592 #endif
1593 		break;
1594 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1595 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1596 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1597 		break;
1598 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1599 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1600 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1601 		break;
1602 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1603 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1604 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1605 		break;
1606 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1607 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1608 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1609 		break;
1610 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1611 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1612 		break;
1613 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1614 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1615 		break;
1616 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1617 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1618 		break;
1619 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1620 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1621 		break;
1622 	default:
1623 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1624 	}
1625 }
1626 
1627 /*
1628  * pr_iph --
1629  *	Print an IP header with options.
1630  */
1631 static void
1632 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1633 {
1634 	struct in_addr ina;
1635 	u_char *cp;
1636 	int hlen;
1637 
1638 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1639 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1640 
1641 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1642 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1643 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1644 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1645 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1646 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1647 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1648 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1649 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1650 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1651 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1652 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1653 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1654 	/* dump any option bytes */
1655 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1656 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1657 	}
1658 	(void)putchar('\n');
1659 }
1660 
1661 /*
1662  * pr_addr --
1663  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1664  * a hostname.
1665  */
1666 static char *
1667 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1668 {
1669 	struct hostent *hp;
1670 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1671 
1672 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1673 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1674 
1675 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1676 
1677 	if (hp == NULL)
1678 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1679 
1680 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1681 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1682 	return(buf);
1683 }
1684 
1685 /*
1686  * pr_retip --
1687  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1688  */
1689 static void
1690 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1691 {
1692 	u_char *cp;
1693 	int hlen;
1694 
1695 	pr_iph(ip);
1696 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1697 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1698 
1699 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1700 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1701 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1702 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1703 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1704 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1705 }
1706 
1707 static char *
1708 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1709 {
1710 	static char buf[10];
1711 	int hour, min, sec;
1712 
1713 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1714 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1715 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1716 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1717 
1718 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1719 
1720 	return (buf);
1721 }
1722 
1723 static void
1724 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1725 {
1726 	char *cp;
1727 	int pat[16];
1728 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1729 
1730 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1731 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1732 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1733 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1734 
1735 	}
1736 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1737 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1738 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1739 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1740 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1741 
1742 	if (ii > 0)
1743 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1744 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1745 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1746 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1747 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1748 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1749 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1750 		(void)printf("\n");
1751 	}
1752 }
1753 
1754 static cap_channel_t *
1755 capdns_setup(void)
1756 {
1757 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1758 	const char *types[2];
1759 	int families[1];
1760 
1761 	capcas = cap_init();
1762 	if (capcas == NULL)
1763 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1764 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1765 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1766 	cap_close(capcas);
1767 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1768 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1769 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1770 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1771 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1772 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1773 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1774 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1775 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1776 
1777 	return (capdnsloc);
1778 }
1779 
1780 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1781 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1782 #else
1783 #define	SECOPT		""
1784 #endif
1785 static void
1786 usage(void)
1787 {
1788 
1789 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1790 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1791 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1792 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1793 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1794 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1795 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1796 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1797 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1798 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1799 }
1800