1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 45 #endif /* not lint */ 46 47 /* 48 * P I N G . C 49 * 50 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 52 * 53 * Author - 54 * Mike Muuss 55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 56 * December, 1983 57 * 58 * Status - 59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 60 * Bugs - 61 * More statistics could always be gathered. 62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 63 */ 64 65 #include <sys/param.h> 66 #include <sys/socket.h> 67 #include <sys/file.h> 68 #include <sys/time.h> 69 #include <signal.h> 70 #include <termios.h> 71 72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 73 #include <netinet/in.h> 74 #include <netinet/ip.h> 75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 77 #include <netdb.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 #include <stdio.h> 80 #include <ctype.h> 81 #include <errno.h> 82 #include <string.h> 83 84 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 85 #define MAXIPLEN 60 86 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 87 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 88 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 89 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 90 91 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 92 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 93 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 94 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 95 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 96 97 /* various options */ 98 int options; 99 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 100 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 101 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 102 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 103 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 104 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 105 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 106 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 107 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 108 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 109 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 110 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 111 #define F_MIF 0x1000 112 113 /* 114 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 115 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 116 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 117 */ 118 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 119 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 120 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 121 122 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 123 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 124 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 125 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 126 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 127 char DOT = '.'; 128 char *hostname; 129 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 130 131 /* counters */ 132 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 133 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 134 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 135 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 136 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 137 138 /* timing */ 139 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 140 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 141 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 142 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 143 144 int reset_kerninfo; 145 sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; 146 147 char *pr_addr(); 148 void catcher(), finish(), status(), check_status(); 149 150 main(argc, argv) 151 int argc; 152 char **argv; 153 { 154 extern int errno, optind; 155 extern char *optarg; 156 struct timeval timeout; 157 struct hostent *hp; 158 struct sockaddr_in *to; 159 struct protoent *proto; 160 struct termios ts; 161 register int i; 162 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno; 163 struct in_addr ifaddr; 164 unsigned char ttl, loop; 165 u_char *datap, *packet; 166 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc(); 167 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 168 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 169 #endif 170 struct sigaction si_sa; 171 172 /* 173 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and 174 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for 175 * after arg parsing. 176 */ 177 proto = getprotobyname("icmp"); 178 if (proto) { 179 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto); 180 sockerrno = errno; 181 } 182 183 setuid(getuid()); 184 185 preload = 0; 186 187 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 188 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRT:c:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF) 189 switch(ch) { 190 case 'c': 191 npackets = atoi(optarg); 192 if (npackets <= 0) { 193 (void)fprintf(stderr, 194 "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n"); 195 exit(1); 196 } 197 break; 198 case 'd': 199 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 200 break; 201 case 'f': 202 if (getuid()) { 203 (void)fprintf(stderr, 204 "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM)); 205 exit(1); 206 } 207 options |= F_FLOOD; 208 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 209 break; 210 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 211 interval = atoi(optarg); 212 if (interval <= 0) { 213 (void)fprintf(stderr, 214 "ping: bad timing interval.\n"); 215 exit(1); 216 } 217 options |= F_INTERVAL; 218 break; 219 case 'I': /* multicast interface */ 220 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) { 221 (void)fprintf(stderr, 222 "ping: bad multicast interface.\n"); 223 exit(1); 224 } 225 options |= F_MIF; 226 break; 227 case 'l': 228 preload = atoi(optarg); 229 if (preload < 0) { 230 (void)fprintf(stderr, 231 "ping: bad preload value.\n"); 232 exit(1); 233 } 234 break; 235 case 'L': 236 options |= F_NOLOOP; 237 loop = 0; 238 break; 239 case 'n': 240 options |= F_NUMERIC; 241 break; 242 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 243 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 244 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 245 break; 246 case 'Q': 247 options |= F_QUIET2; 248 break; 249 case 'q': 250 options |= F_QUIET; 251 break; 252 case 'R': 253 options |= F_RROUTE; 254 break; 255 case 'r': 256 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 257 break; 258 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 259 datalen = atoi(optarg); 260 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) { 261 (void)fprintf(stderr, 262 "ping: packet size too large.\n"); 263 exit(1); 264 } 265 if (datalen <= 0) { 266 (void)fprintf(stderr, 267 "ping: illegal packet size.\n"); 268 exit(1); 269 } 270 break; 271 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ 272 i = atoi(optarg); 273 if (i < 0 || i > 255) { 274 (void)fprintf(stderr, 275 "ping: illegal multicast TTL.\n"); 276 exit(1); 277 } 278 ttl = i; 279 options |= F_MTTL; 280 break; 281 case 'v': 282 options |= F_VERBOSE; 283 break; 284 default: 285 usage(); 286 } 287 argc -= optind; 288 argv += optind; 289 290 if (argc != 1) 291 usage(); 292 target = *argv; 293 294 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 295 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 296 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 297 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); 298 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) 299 hostname = target; 300 else { 301 hp = gethostbyname(target); 302 if (!hp) { 303 (void)fprintf(stderr, 304 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target); 305 exit(1); 306 } 307 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 308 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length); 309 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 310 hostname = hnamebuf; 311 } 312 313 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) { 314 (void)fprintf(stderr, 315 "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n"); 316 exit(1); 317 } 318 319 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 320 timing = 1; 321 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 322 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) { 323 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n"); 324 exit(1); 325 } 326 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 327 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 328 *datap++ = i; 329 330 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 331 332 if (!proto) { 333 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n"); 334 exit(1); 335 } 336 if (s < 0) { 337 errno = sockerrno; 338 perror("ping: socket"); 339 exit(1); 340 } 341 hold = 1; 342 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 343 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 344 sizeof(hold)); 345 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 346 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 347 sizeof(hold)); 348 349 /* record route option */ 350 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 351 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 352 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 353 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 354 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 355 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 356 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 357 perror("ping: record route"); 358 exit(1); 359 } 360 #else 361 (void)fprintf(stderr, 362 "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n"); 363 exit(1); 364 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 365 } 366 367 if (options & F_NOLOOP) { 368 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 369 sizeof(loop)) < 0) { 370 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 371 exit(1); 372 } 373 } 374 if (options & F_MTTL) { 375 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 376 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { 377 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 378 exit(1); 379 } 380 } 381 if (options & F_MIF) { 382 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 383 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { 384 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 385 exit(1); 386 } 387 } 388 389 /* 390 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 391 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 392 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 393 * /etc/ethers. 394 */ 395 hold = 48 * 1024; 396 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 397 sizeof(hold)); 398 399 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 400 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 401 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 402 datalen); 403 else 404 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 405 406 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 407 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 408 409 /* 410 * Use sigaction instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics 411 * for SIGINFO, in particular with SA_RESTART not set. 412 */ 413 si_sa.sa_handler = status; 414 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 415 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 416 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 417 perror("sigaction"); 418 exit(1); 419 } 420 421 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 422 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 423 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 424 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 425 } 426 427 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 428 pinger(); 429 430 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 431 catcher(); /* start things going */ 432 433 for (;;) { 434 struct sockaddr_in from; 435 register int cc; 436 int fromlen; 437 438 check_status(); 439 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 440 pinger(); 441 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 442 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 443 fdmask = 1 << s; 444 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 445 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 446 continue; 447 } 448 fromlen = sizeof(from); 449 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 450 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 451 if (errno == EINTR) 452 continue; 453 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 454 continue; 455 } 456 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 457 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 458 break; 459 } 460 finish(); 461 /* NOTREACHED */ 462 } 463 464 /* 465 * catcher -- 466 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 467 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 468 * 469 * bug -- 470 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 471 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 472 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 473 */ 474 void 475 catcher() 476 { 477 int waittime; 478 479 pinger(); 480 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 481 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 482 alarm((u_int)interval); 483 else { 484 if (nreceived) { 485 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 486 if (!waittime) 487 waittime = 1; 488 } else 489 waittime = MAXWAIT; 490 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 491 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 492 } 493 } 494 495 /* 496 * pinger -- 497 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 498 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 499 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 500 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host 501 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 502 */ 503 pinger() 504 { 505 register struct icmp *icp; 506 register int cc; 507 int i; 508 509 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 510 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 511 icp->icmp_code = 0; 512 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 513 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 514 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 515 516 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 517 518 if (timing) 519 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 520 (struct timezone *)NULL); 521 522 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 523 524 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 525 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 526 527 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 528 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 529 530 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 531 if (i < 0) 532 perror("ping: sendto"); 533 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 534 hostname, cc, i); 535 } 536 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 537 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 538 } 539 540 /* 541 * pr_pack -- 542 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 543 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 544 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 545 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 546 */ 547 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 548 char *buf; 549 int cc; 550 struct sockaddr_in *from; 551 { 552 register struct icmp *icp; 553 register u_long l; 554 register int i, j; 555 register u_char *cp,*dp; 556 static int old_rrlen; 557 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 558 struct ip *ip; 559 struct timeval tv, *tp; 560 double triptime; 561 int hlen, dupflag; 562 563 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 564 565 /* Check the IP header */ 566 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 567 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 568 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 569 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 570 (void)fprintf(stderr, 571 "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, 572 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 573 return; 574 } 575 576 /* Now the ICMP part */ 577 cc -= hlen; 578 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 579 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 580 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 581 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 582 ++nreceived; 583 if (timing) { 584 #ifndef icmp_data 585 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 586 #else 587 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 588 #endif 589 tvsub(&tv, tp); 590 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 591 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 592 tsum += triptime; 593 if (triptime < tmin) 594 tmin = triptime; 595 if (triptime > tmax) 596 tmax = triptime; 597 } 598 599 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 600 ++nrepeats; 601 --nreceived; 602 dupflag = 1; 603 } else { 604 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 605 dupflag = 0; 606 } 607 608 if (options & F_QUIET) 609 return; 610 611 if (options & F_FLOOD) 612 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 613 else { 614 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 615 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 616 icp->icmp_seq); 617 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 618 if (timing) 619 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 620 if (dupflag) 621 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 622 /* check the data */ 623 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 624 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 625 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 626 if (*cp != *dp) { 627 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 628 i, *dp, *cp); 629 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 630 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 631 if ((i % 32) == 8) 632 (void)printf("\n\t"); 633 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 634 } 635 break; 636 } 637 } 638 } 639 } else { 640 /* 641 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. 642 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. 643 * We can compare IP destination, protocol, 644 * and ICMP type and ID. 645 */ 646 #ifndef icmp_data 647 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; 648 #else 649 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; 650 #endif 651 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); 652 653 if ((options & F_VERBOSE) || 654 (!(options & F_QUIET2) && 655 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == 656 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && 657 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && 658 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && 659 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { 660 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 661 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 662 pr_icmph(icp); 663 } else 664 return; 665 } 666 667 /* Display any IP options */ 668 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 669 670 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 671 switch (*cp) { 672 case IPOPT_EOL: 673 hlen = 0; 674 break; 675 case IPOPT_LSRR: 676 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 677 hlen -= 2; 678 j = *++cp; 679 ++cp; 680 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 681 for (;;) { 682 l = *++cp; 683 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 684 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 685 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 686 if (l == 0) 687 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 688 else 689 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 690 hlen -= 4; 691 j -= 4; 692 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 693 break; 694 (void)putchar('\n'); 695 } 696 break; 697 case IPOPT_RR: 698 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 699 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 700 hlen -= 2; 701 if (i > j) 702 i = j; 703 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 704 if (i <= 0) 705 continue; 706 if (i == old_rrlen 707 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 708 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 709 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 710 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 711 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 712 hlen -= i; 713 cp += i; 714 break; 715 } 716 old_rrlen = i; 717 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 718 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 719 for (;;) { 720 l = *++cp; 721 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 722 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 723 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 724 if (l == 0) 725 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 726 else 727 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 728 hlen -= 4; 729 i -= 4; 730 if (i <= 0) 731 break; 732 (void)putchar('\n'); 733 } 734 break; 735 case IPOPT_NOP: 736 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 737 break; 738 default: 739 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 740 break; 741 } 742 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 743 (void)putchar('\n'); 744 (void)fflush(stdout); 745 } 746 } 747 748 /* 749 * in_cksum -- 750 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 751 */ 752 in_cksum(addr, len) 753 u_short *addr; 754 int len; 755 { 756 register int nleft = len; 757 register u_short *w = addr; 758 register int sum = 0; 759 u_short answer = 0; 760 761 /* 762 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 763 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 764 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 765 */ 766 while (nleft > 1) { 767 sum += *w++; 768 nleft -= 2; 769 } 770 771 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 772 if (nleft == 1) { 773 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 774 sum += answer; 775 } 776 777 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 778 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 779 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 780 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 781 return(answer); 782 } 783 784 /* 785 * tvsub -- 786 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 787 * be >= in. 788 */ 789 tvsub(out, in) 790 register struct timeval *out, *in; 791 { 792 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 793 --out->tv_sec; 794 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 795 } 796 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 797 } 798 799 /* 800 * status -- 801 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. 802 */ 803 804 void 805 status(sig) 806 int sig; 807 { 808 siginfo_p = 1; 809 } 810 811 void 812 check_status() 813 { 814 if (siginfo_p) { 815 siginfo_p = 0; 816 (void)fprintf(stderr, 817 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", 818 nreceived, ntransmitted, 819 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, 820 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, 821 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, 822 tmax); 823 } 824 } 825 826 /* 827 * finish -- 828 * Print out statistics, and give up. 829 */ 830 void 831 finish() 832 { 833 struct termios ts; 834 835 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 836 (void)putchar('\n'); 837 (void)fflush(stdout); 838 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 839 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 840 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 841 if (nrepeats) 842 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 843 if (ntransmitted) 844 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 845 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 846 else 847 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 848 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 849 ntransmitted)); 850 (void)putchar('\n'); 851 if (nreceived && timing) 852 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 853 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax); 854 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 855 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 856 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 857 } 858 859 if (nreceived) 860 exit(0); 861 else 862 exit(2); 863 } 864 865 #ifdef notdef 866 static char *ttab[] = { 867 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 868 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 869 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 870 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 871 "Echo", 872 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 873 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 874 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 875 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 876 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 877 "Info Reply" /* " */ 878 }; 879 #endif 880 881 /* 882 * pr_icmph -- 883 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 884 */ 885 pr_icmph(icp) 886 struct icmp *icp; 887 { 888 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 889 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 890 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 891 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 892 break; 893 case ICMP_UNREACH: 894 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 895 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 896 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 897 break; 898 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 899 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 900 break; 901 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 902 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 903 break; 904 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 905 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 906 break; 907 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 908 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", 909 icp->icmp_nextmtu); 910 break; 911 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 912 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 913 break; 914 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: 915 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); 916 break; 917 default: 918 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 919 icp->icmp_code); 920 break; 921 } 922 /* Print returned IP header information */ 923 #ifndef icmp_data 924 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 925 #else 926 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 927 #endif 928 break; 929 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 930 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 931 #ifndef icmp_data 932 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 933 #else 934 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 935 #endif 936 break; 937 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 938 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 939 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 940 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 941 break; 942 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 943 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 944 break; 945 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 946 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 947 break; 948 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 949 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 950 break; 951 default: 952 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 953 break; 954 } 955 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 956 #ifndef icmp_data 957 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 958 #else 959 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 960 #endif 961 break; 962 case ICMP_ECHO: 963 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 964 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 965 break; 966 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 967 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 968 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 969 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 970 break; 971 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 972 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 973 break; 974 default: 975 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 976 icp->icmp_code); 977 break; 978 } 979 #ifndef icmp_data 980 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 981 #else 982 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 983 #endif 984 break; 985 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 986 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 987 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 988 #ifndef icmp_data 989 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 990 #else 991 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 992 #endif 993 break; 994 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 995 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 996 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 997 break; 998 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 999 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 1000 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1001 break; 1002 case ICMP_IREQ: 1003 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 1004 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1005 break; 1006 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1007 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 1008 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1009 break; 1010 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1011 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 1012 break; 1013 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1014 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 1015 break; 1016 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1017 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); 1018 break; 1019 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1020 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); 1021 break; 1022 default: 1023 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 1024 } 1025 } 1026 1027 /* 1028 * pr_iph -- 1029 * Print an IP header with options. 1030 */ 1031 pr_iph(ip) 1032 struct ip *ip; 1033 { 1034 int hlen; 1035 u_char *cp; 1036 1037 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1038 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 1039 1040 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1041 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1042 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), 1043 ntohs(ip->ip_id)); 1044 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 1045 ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 1046 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, 1047 ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); 1048 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1049 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1050 /* dump any option bytes */ 1051 while (hlen-- > 20) { 1052 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1053 } 1054 (void)putchar('\n'); 1055 } 1056 1057 /* 1058 * pr_addr -- 1059 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 1060 * a hostname. 1061 */ 1062 char * 1063 pr_addr(l) 1064 u_long l; 1065 { 1066 struct hostent *hp; 1067 static char buf[80]; 1068 1069 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 1070 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 1071 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", 1072 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 1073 else 1074 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1075 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 1076 return(buf); 1077 } 1078 1079 /* 1080 * pr_retip -- 1081 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1082 */ 1083 pr_retip(ip) 1084 struct ip *ip; 1085 { 1086 int hlen; 1087 u_char *cp; 1088 1089 pr_iph(ip); 1090 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1091 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 1092 1093 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 1094 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1095 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1096 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 1097 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1098 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1099 } 1100 1101 fill(bp, patp) 1102 char *bp, *patp; 1103 { 1104 register int ii, jj, kk; 1105 int pat[16]; 1106 char *cp; 1107 1108 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 1109 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) { 1110 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1111 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n"); 1112 exit(1); 1113 } 1114 ii = sscanf(patp, 1115 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1116 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1117 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1118 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1119 1120 if (ii > 0) 1121 for (kk = 0; 1122 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 1123 kk += ii) 1124 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1125 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1126 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1127 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1128 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1129 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1130 (void)printf("\n"); 1131 } 1132 } 1133 1134 usage() 1135 { 1136 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1137 "usage: ping [-LQRdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-I interface]\n\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] host\n"); 1138 exit(1); 1139 } 1140