1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static const char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 #if 0 45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 46 #endif 47 static const char rcsid[] = 48 "$FreeBSD$"; 49 #endif /* not lint */ 50 51 /* 52 * P I N G . C 53 * 54 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 55 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 56 * 57 * Author - 58 * Mike Muuss 59 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 60 * December, 1983 61 * 62 * Status - 63 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 64 * Bugs - 65 * More statistics could always be gathered. 66 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 67 */ 68 69 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */ 70 71 #include <ctype.h> 72 #include <err.h> 73 #include <errno.h> 74 #include <math.h> 75 #include <netdb.h> 76 #include <signal.h> 77 #include <stdio.h> 78 #include <stdlib.h> 79 #include <string.h> 80 #include <sysexits.h> 81 #include <termios.h> 82 #include <unistd.h> 83 84 #include <sys/socket.h> 85 #include <sys/time.h> 86 #include <sys/uio.h> 87 88 #include <netinet/in.h> 89 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 90 #include <netinet/ip.h> 91 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 92 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 93 #include <arpa/inet.h> 94 95 #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) 96 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - PHDR_LEN) /* default data length */ 97 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */ 98 /* runs out of buffer space */ 99 #define MAXIPLEN 60 100 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 101 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 102 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 103 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 104 105 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 106 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 107 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 108 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 109 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 110 111 /* various options */ 112 int options; 113 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 114 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 115 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 116 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 117 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 118 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 119 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 120 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 121 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 122 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 123 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 124 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 125 #define F_MIF 0x1000 126 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 127 128 /* 129 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 130 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 131 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 132 */ 133 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 134 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 135 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 136 137 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 138 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 139 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 140 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 141 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 142 char DOT = '.'; 143 char *hostname; 144 char *shostname; 145 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 146 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */ 147 148 /* counters */ 149 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 150 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 151 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 152 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 153 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */ 154 155 /* timing */ 156 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 157 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 158 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 159 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 160 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ 161 162 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */ 163 int reset_kerninfo; 164 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; 165 166 static void fill(char *, char *); 167 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int); 168 static void check_status(void); 169 static void finish(void) __dead2; 170 static void pinger(void); 171 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr); 172 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); 173 static void pr_iph(struct ip *); 174 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *); 175 static void pr_retip(struct ip *); 176 static void status(int); 177 static void stopit(int); 178 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); 179 static void usage(void) __dead2; 180 181 int 182 main(argc, argv) 183 int argc; 184 char *const *argv; 185 { 186 struct timeval last, intvl; 187 struct hostent *hp; 188 struct sockaddr_in *to, sin; 189 struct termios ts; 190 register int i; 191 int ch, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0; 192 struct in_addr ifaddr; 193 unsigned char ttl, loop; 194 u_char *datap, *packet; 195 char *source = NULL, *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 196 char snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 197 char *ep; 198 u_long ultmp; 199 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 200 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 201 #endif 202 struct sigaction si_sa; 203 struct iovec iov; 204 struct msghdr msg; 205 struct sockaddr_in from; 206 char ctrl[sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 207 208 /* 209 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and 210 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for 211 * after arg parsing. 212 */ 213 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); 214 sockerrno = errno; 215 216 setuid(getuid()); 217 uid = getuid(); 218 219 preload = 0; 220 221 datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; 222 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:v")) != -1) { 223 switch(ch) { 224 case 'a': 225 options |= F_AUDIBLE; 226 break; 227 case 'c': 228 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 229 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp) 230 errx(EX_USAGE, 231 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'", 232 optarg); 233 npackets = ultmp; 234 break; 235 case 'd': 236 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 237 break; 238 case 'f': 239 if (uid) { 240 errno = EPERM; 241 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag"); 242 } 243 options |= F_FLOOD; 244 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 245 break; 246 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 247 { 248 double t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0; 249 250 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) { 251 errx( 252 EX_USAGE, 253 "invalid timing interval: `%s'", 254 optarg 255 ); 256 } 257 options |= F_INTERVAL; 258 interval = (int)t; 259 if (uid && interval < 1000) { 260 errno = EPERM; 261 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short"); 262 } 263 } 264 break; 265 case 'I': /* multicast interface */ 266 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 267 errx(EX_USAGE, 268 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'", 269 optarg); 270 options |= F_MIF; 271 break; 272 case 'l': 273 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 274 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) 275 errx(EX_USAGE, 276 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg); 277 if (uid) { 278 errno = EPERM; 279 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag"); 280 } 281 preload = ultmp; 282 break; 283 case 'L': 284 options |= F_NOLOOP; 285 loop = 0; 286 break; 287 case 'n': 288 options |= F_NUMERIC; 289 break; 290 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 291 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 292 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 293 break; 294 case 'Q': 295 options |= F_QUIET2; 296 break; 297 case 'q': 298 options |= F_QUIET; 299 break; 300 case 'R': 301 options |= F_RROUTE; 302 break; 303 case 'r': 304 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 305 break; 306 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 307 if (uid) { 308 errno = EPERM; 309 err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag"); 310 } 311 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 312 if (ultmp > MAXPACKET) 313 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu", 314 ultmp); 315 if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp) 316 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", 317 optarg); 318 datalen = ultmp; 319 break; 320 case 'S': 321 source = optarg; 322 break; 323 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ 324 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 325 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255) 326 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'", 327 optarg); 328 ttl = ultmp; 329 options |= F_MTTL; 330 break; 331 case 'v': 332 options |= F_VERBOSE; 333 break; 334 default: 335 usage(); 336 } 337 } 338 339 if (argc - optind != 1) 340 usage(); 341 target = argv[optind]; 342 343 if (source) { 344 bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin)); 345 sin.sin_family = AF_INET; 346 if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) { 347 shostname = source; 348 } else { 349 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET); 350 if (!hp) 351 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", 352 source, hstrerror(h_errno)); 353 354 sin.sin_len = sizeof sin; 355 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr)) 356 errx(1,"gethostbyname2: illegal address"); 357 memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], 358 sizeof (sin.sin_addr)); 359 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name, 360 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1); 361 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; 362 shostname = snamebuf; 363 } 364 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1) 365 err(1, "bind"); 366 } 367 368 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 369 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 370 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 371 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) { 372 hostname = target; 373 } else { 374 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET); 375 if (!hp) 376 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", 377 target, hstrerror(h_errno)); 378 379 to->sin_len = sizeof *to; 380 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr)) 381 errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address"); 382 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr); 383 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 384 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; 385 hostname = hnamebuf; 386 } 387 388 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 389 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options"); 390 391 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 392 errx(EX_USAGE, 393 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination"); 394 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL) 395 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 396 errx(EX_USAGE, 397 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination"); 398 399 if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time transfer */ 400 timing = 1; 401 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 402 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen))) 403 err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc"); 404 405 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 406 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i) 407 *datap++ = i; 408 409 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 410 411 if (s < 0) { 412 errno = sockerrno; 413 err(EX_OSERR, "socket"); 414 } 415 hold = 1; 416 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 417 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 418 sizeof(hold)); 419 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 420 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 421 sizeof(hold)); 422 423 /* record route option */ 424 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 425 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 426 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace)); 427 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 428 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1; 429 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 430 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL; 431 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 432 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) 433 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS"); 434 #else 435 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, 436 "record route not available in this implementation"); 437 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 438 } 439 440 if (options & F_NOLOOP) { 441 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 442 sizeof(loop)) < 0) { 443 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 444 } 445 } 446 if (options & F_MTTL) { 447 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 448 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { 449 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 450 } 451 } 452 if (options & F_MIF) { 453 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 454 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { 455 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 456 } 457 } 458 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 459 { int on = 1; 460 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) 461 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP"); 462 } 463 #endif 464 465 /* 466 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 467 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 468 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 469 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast 470 * or multicast pings if they wish. 471 */ 472 hold = 48 * 1024; 473 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 474 sizeof(hold)); 475 476 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) { 477 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname, 478 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr)); 479 if (source) 480 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname); 481 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen); 482 } else 483 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 484 485 /* 486 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics, 487 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set. 488 */ 489 490 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 491 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 492 493 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; 494 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 495 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT"); 496 } 497 498 si_sa.sa_handler = status; 499 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 500 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction"); 501 } 502 503 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg)); 504 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from; 505 msg.msg_iov = &iov; 506 msg.msg_iovlen = 1; 507 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 508 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl; 509 #endif 510 iov.iov_base = packet; 511 iov.iov_len = packlen; 512 513 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 514 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 515 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 516 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 517 } 518 519 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 520 pinger(); 521 522 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 523 intvl.tv_sec = 0; 524 intvl.tv_usec = 10000; 525 } else { 526 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000; 527 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000; 528 } 529 530 pinger(); /* send the first ping */ 531 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); 532 533 while (!finish_up) { 534 register int cc; 535 int n; 536 struct timeval timeout, now; 537 fd_set rfds; 538 539 check_status(); 540 FD_ZERO(&rfds); 541 FD_SET(s, &rfds); 542 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); 543 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec; 544 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec; 545 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) { 546 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000; 547 timeout.tv_sec--; 548 } 549 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) { 550 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000; 551 timeout.tv_sec++; 552 } 553 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0) 554 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0; 555 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout); 556 if (n < 0) 557 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */ 558 if (n == 1) { 559 struct timeval *t = 0; 560 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 561 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl; 562 563 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl); 564 #endif 565 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from); 566 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) { 567 if (errno == EINTR) 568 continue; 569 warn("recvmsg"); 570 continue; 571 } 572 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 573 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && 574 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP && 575 cmsg->cmsg_len == (sizeof *cmsg + sizeof *t)) { 576 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */ 577 memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now)); 578 t = &now; 579 } 580 #endif 581 if (t == 0) { 582 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); 583 t = &now; 584 } 585 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t); 586 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 587 break; 588 } 589 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) { 590 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 591 pinger(); 592 else { 593 if (almost_done) 594 break; 595 almost_done = 1; 596 intvl.tv_usec = 0; 597 if (nreceived) { 598 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; 599 if (!intvl.tv_sec) 600 intvl.tv_sec = 1; 601 } else 602 intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT; 603 } 604 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); 605 } 606 } 607 finish(); 608 /* NOTREACHED */ 609 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 610 } 611 612 /* 613 * stopit -- 614 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit. 615 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much 616 * to be called from a signal handler. 617 */ 618 void 619 stopit(sig) 620 int sig; 621 { 622 finish_up = 1; 623 } 624 625 /* 626 * pinger -- 627 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 628 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 629 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 630 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host 631 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 632 */ 633 static void 634 pinger(void) 635 { 636 register struct icmp *icp; 637 register int cc; 638 int i; 639 640 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 641 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 642 icp->icmp_code = 0; 643 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 644 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted; 645 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 646 647 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 648 649 if (timing) 650 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 651 (struct timezone *)NULL); 652 653 cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN; /* skips ICMP portion */ 654 655 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 656 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 657 658 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 659 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 660 661 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 662 if (i < 0) { 663 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) { 664 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF); 665 return; 666 } 667 warn("sendto"); 668 } else { 669 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes", 670 hostname, i, cc); 671 } 672 } 673 ntransmitted++; 674 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 675 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 676 } 677 678 /* 679 * pr_pack -- 680 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 681 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 682 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 683 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 684 */ 685 static void 686 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv) 687 char *buf; 688 int cc; 689 struct sockaddr_in *from; 690 struct timeval *tv; 691 { 692 register struct icmp *icp; 693 register u_long l; 694 register int i, j; 695 register u_char *cp,*dp; 696 static int old_rrlen; 697 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 698 struct ip *ip; 699 struct timeval *tp; 700 double triptime; 701 int hlen, dupflag; 702 703 /* Check the IP header */ 704 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 705 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 706 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 707 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 708 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 709 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); 710 return; 711 } 712 713 /* Now the ICMP part */ 714 cc -= hlen; 715 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 716 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 717 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 718 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 719 ++nreceived; 720 triptime = 0.0; 721 if (timing) { 722 struct timeval tv1; 723 #ifndef icmp_data 724 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 725 #else 726 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 727 #endif 728 /* Avoid unaligned data: */ 729 memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1)); 730 tvsub(tv, &tv1); 731 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 732 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0; 733 tsum += triptime; 734 tsumsq += triptime * triptime; 735 if (triptime < tmin) 736 tmin = triptime; 737 if (triptime > tmax) 738 tmax = triptime; 739 } 740 741 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 742 ++nrepeats; 743 --nreceived; 744 dupflag = 1; 745 } else { 746 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 747 dupflag = 0; 748 } 749 750 if (options & F_QUIET) 751 return; 752 753 if (options & F_FLOOD) 754 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 755 else { 756 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 757 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 758 icp->icmp_seq); 759 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 760 if (timing) 761 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 762 if (dupflag) 763 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 764 if (options & F_AUDIBLE) 765 (void)printf("\a"); 766 /* check the data */ 767 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN]; 768 dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; 769 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 770 if (*cp != *dp) { 771 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 772 i, *dp, *cp); 773 printf("\ncp:"); 774 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 775 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 776 if ((i % 32) == 8) 777 (void)printf("\n\t"); 778 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 779 } 780 printf("\ndp:"); 781 cp = &outpack[8]; 782 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 783 if ((i % 32) == 8) 784 (void)printf("\n\t"); 785 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 786 } 787 break; 788 } 789 } 790 } 791 } else { 792 /* 793 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. 794 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. 795 * We can compare IP destination, protocol, 796 * and ICMP type and ID. 797 * 798 * Only print all the error messages if we are running 799 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally 800 * available to those not running as root. 801 */ 802 #ifndef icmp_data 803 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; 804 #else 805 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; 806 #endif 807 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); 808 809 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) || 810 (!(options & F_QUIET2) && 811 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == 812 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && 813 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && 814 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && 815 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { 816 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 817 pr_addr(from->sin_addr)); 818 pr_icmph(icp); 819 } else 820 return; 821 } 822 823 /* Display any IP options */ 824 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 825 826 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 827 switch (*cp) { 828 case IPOPT_EOL: 829 hlen = 0; 830 break; 831 case IPOPT_LSRR: 832 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 833 hlen -= 2; 834 j = *++cp; 835 ++cp; 836 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 837 for (;;) { 838 l = *++cp; 839 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 840 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 841 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 842 if (l == 0) { 843 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 844 } else { 845 struct in_addr ina; 846 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 847 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 848 } 849 hlen -= 4; 850 j -= 4; 851 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 852 break; 853 (void)putchar('\n'); 854 } 855 break; 856 case IPOPT_RR: 857 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 858 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 859 hlen -= 2; 860 if (i > j) 861 i = j; 862 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 863 if (i <= 0) 864 continue; 865 if (i == old_rrlen 866 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 867 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 868 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 869 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 870 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 871 hlen -= i; 872 cp += i; 873 break; 874 } 875 if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) { 876 old_rrlen = i; 877 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 878 } else 879 old_rrlen = 0; 880 881 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 882 j = 0; 883 for (;;) { 884 l = *++cp; 885 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 886 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 887 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 888 if (l == 0) { 889 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 890 } else { 891 struct in_addr ina; 892 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 893 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 894 } 895 hlen -= 4; 896 i -= 4; 897 j += 4; 898 if (i <= 0) 899 break; 900 if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { 901 (void) printf("\t(truncated route)"); 902 break; 903 } 904 (void)putchar('\n'); 905 } 906 break; 907 case IPOPT_NOP: 908 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 909 break; 910 default: 911 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 912 break; 913 } 914 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 915 (void)putchar('\n'); 916 (void)fflush(stdout); 917 } 918 } 919 920 /* 921 * in_cksum -- 922 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 923 */ 924 u_short 925 in_cksum(addr, len) 926 u_short *addr; 927 int len; 928 { 929 register int nleft = len; 930 register u_short *w = addr; 931 register int sum = 0; 932 union { 933 u_short us; 934 u_char uc[2]; 935 } last; 936 u_short answer; 937 938 /* 939 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 940 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 941 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 942 */ 943 while (nleft > 1) { 944 sum += *w++; 945 nleft -= 2; 946 } 947 948 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 949 if (nleft == 1) { 950 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w; 951 last.uc[1] = 0; 952 sum += last.us; 953 } 954 955 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 956 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 957 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 958 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 959 return(answer); 960 } 961 962 /* 963 * tvsub -- 964 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 965 * be >= in. 966 */ 967 static void 968 tvsub(out, in) 969 register struct timeval *out, *in; 970 { 971 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 972 --out->tv_sec; 973 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 974 } 975 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 976 } 977 978 /* 979 * status -- 980 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. 981 */ 982 983 static void 984 status(sig) 985 int sig; 986 { 987 siginfo_p = 1; 988 } 989 990 static void 991 check_status() 992 { 993 if (siginfo_p) { 994 siginfo_p = 0; 995 (void)fprintf(stderr, 996 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", 997 nreceived, ntransmitted, 998 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, 999 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, 1000 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, 1001 tmax); 1002 } 1003 } 1004 1005 /* 1006 * finish -- 1007 * Print out statistics, and give up. 1008 */ 1009 static void 1010 finish() 1011 { 1012 struct termios ts; 1013 1014 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 1015 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); 1016 (void)putchar('\n'); 1017 (void)fflush(stdout); 1018 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 1019 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 1020 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 1021 if (nrepeats) 1022 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 1023 if (ntransmitted) { 1024 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 1025 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 1026 else 1027 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 1028 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 1029 ntransmitted)); 1030 } 1031 (void)putchar('\n'); 1032 if (nreceived && timing) { 1033 double n = nreceived + nrepeats; 1034 double avg = tsum / n; 1035 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg; 1036 printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = " 1037 "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 1038 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari)); 1039 } 1040 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 1041 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 1042 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 1043 } 1044 1045 if (nreceived) 1046 exit(0); 1047 else 1048 exit(2); 1049 } 1050 1051 #ifdef notdef 1052 static char *ttab[] = { 1053 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 1054 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 1055 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 1056 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 1057 "Echo", 1058 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 1059 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 1060 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 1061 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 1062 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 1063 "Info Reply" /* " */ 1064 }; 1065 #endif 1066 1067 /* 1068 * pr_icmph -- 1069 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 1070 */ 1071 static void 1072 pr_icmph(icp) 1073 struct icmp *icp; 1074 { 1075 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 1076 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 1077 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 1078 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 1079 break; 1080 case ICMP_UNREACH: 1081 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1082 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 1083 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 1084 break; 1085 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 1086 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 1087 break; 1088 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 1089 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 1090 break; 1091 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 1092 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 1093 break; 1094 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 1095 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", 1096 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); 1097 break; 1098 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 1099 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 1100 break; 1101 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: 1102 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); 1103 break; 1104 default: 1105 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 1106 icp->icmp_code); 1107 break; 1108 } 1109 /* Print returned IP header information */ 1110 #ifndef icmp_data 1111 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1112 #else 1113 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1114 #endif 1115 break; 1116 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 1117 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 1118 #ifndef icmp_data 1119 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1120 #else 1121 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1122 #endif 1123 break; 1124 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 1125 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1126 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 1127 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 1128 break; 1129 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 1130 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 1131 break; 1132 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 1133 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 1134 break; 1135 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 1136 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 1137 break; 1138 default: 1139 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 1140 break; 1141 } 1142 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); 1143 #ifndef icmp_data 1144 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1145 #else 1146 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1147 #endif 1148 break; 1149 case ICMP_ECHO: 1150 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 1151 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 1152 break; 1153 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 1154 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1155 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 1156 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 1157 break; 1158 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 1159 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 1160 break; 1161 default: 1162 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 1163 icp->icmp_code); 1164 break; 1165 } 1166 #ifndef icmp_data 1167 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1168 #else 1169 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1170 #endif 1171 break; 1172 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 1173 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 1174 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 1175 #ifndef icmp_data 1176 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1177 #else 1178 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1179 #endif 1180 break; 1181 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 1182 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 1183 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1184 break; 1185 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 1186 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 1187 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1188 break; 1189 case ICMP_IREQ: 1190 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 1191 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1192 break; 1193 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1194 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 1195 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1196 break; 1197 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1198 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 1199 break; 1200 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1201 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 1202 break; 1203 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1204 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); 1205 break; 1206 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1207 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); 1208 break; 1209 default: 1210 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 1211 } 1212 } 1213 1214 /* 1215 * pr_iph -- 1216 * Print an IP header with options. 1217 */ 1218 static void 1219 pr_iph(ip) 1220 struct ip *ip; 1221 { 1222 int hlen; 1223 u_char *cp; 1224 1225 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1226 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 1227 1228 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1229 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1230 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), 1231 ntohs(ip->ip_id)); 1232 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx", 1233 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 1234 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 1235 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, 1236 ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); 1237 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1238 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1239 /* dump any option bytes */ 1240 while (hlen-- > 20) { 1241 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1242 } 1243 (void)putchar('\n'); 1244 } 1245 1246 /* 1247 * pr_addr -- 1248 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 1249 * a hostname. 1250 */ 1251 static char * 1252 pr_addr(ina) 1253 struct in_addr ina; 1254 { 1255 struct hostent *hp; 1256 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 1257 1258 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 1259 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET))) 1260 return inet_ntoa(ina); 1261 else 1262 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1263 inet_ntoa(ina)); 1264 return(buf); 1265 } 1266 1267 /* 1268 * pr_retip -- 1269 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1270 */ 1271 static void 1272 pr_retip(ip) 1273 struct ip *ip; 1274 { 1275 int hlen; 1276 u_char *cp; 1277 1278 pr_iph(ip); 1279 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1280 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 1281 1282 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 1283 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1284 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1285 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 1286 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1287 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1288 } 1289 1290 static void 1291 fill(bp, patp) 1292 char *bp, *patp; 1293 { 1294 register int ii, jj, kk; 1295 int pat[16]; 1296 char *cp; 1297 1298 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) { 1299 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 1300 errx(EX_USAGE, 1301 "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 1302 1303 } 1304 ii = sscanf(patp, 1305 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1306 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1307 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1308 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1309 1310 if (ii > 0) 1311 for (kk = 0; 1312 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii); 1313 kk += ii) 1314 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1315 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1316 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1317 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1318 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1319 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1320 (void)printf("\n"); 1321 } 1322 } 1323 1324 static void 1325 usage() 1326 { 1327 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n", 1328 "usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern]", 1329 " [-s packetsize] [-S src_addr]", 1330 " [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]"); 1331 exit(EX_USAGE); 1332 } 1333