xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 4b2eaea43fec8e8792be611dea204071a10b655a)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 static const char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
40 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 #ifndef lint
44 #if 0
45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
46 #endif
47 static const char rcsid[] =
48   "$FreeBSD$";
49 #endif /* not lint */
50 
51 /*
52  *			P I N G . C
53  *
54  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
55  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
56  *
57  * Author -
58  *	Mike Muuss
59  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
60  *	December, 1983
61  *
62  * Status -
63  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
64  * Bugs -
65  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
66  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
67  */
68 
69 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
70 #include <sys/socket.h>
71 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
72 #include <sys/time.h>
73 #include <sys/uio.h>
74 
75 #include <netinet/in.h>
76 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
79 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
80 #include <arpa/inet.h>
81 
82 #ifdef IPSEC
83 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
84 #endif /*IPSEC*/
85 
86 #include <ctype.h>
87 #include <err.h>
88 #include <errno.h>
89 #include <math.h>
90 #include <netdb.h>
91 #include <signal.h>
92 #include <stdio.h>
93 #include <stdlib.h>
94 #include <string.h>
95 #include <sysexits.h>
96 #include <termios.h>
97 #include <unistd.h>
98 
99 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
100 #define	PHDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct timeval))
101 #define	DEFDATALEN	(64 - PHDR_LEN)	/* default data length */
102 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
103 					/* runs out of buffer space */
104 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
105 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
106 #define	MINICMPLEN	ICMP_MINLEN
107 #define	MASKLEN		(options & F_MASK ? 4 : 0)
108 #define	MAXWAIT		10		/* max seconds to wait for response */
109 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
110 #define	MAXTOS		255
111 
112 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
113 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
114 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
115 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
116 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
117 
118 /* various options */
119 int options;
120 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
121 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
122 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
123 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
124 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
125 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
126 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
127 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
128 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
129 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
130 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
131 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
132 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
133 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
134 #ifdef IPSEC
135 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
136 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
137 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
138 #endif /*IPSEC*/
139 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
140 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
141 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
142 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
143 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
144 
145 /*
146  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
147  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
148  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
149  */
150 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
151 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
152 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
153 
154 struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
155 long maxpayload;
156 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
157 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
158 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
159 char BBELL = '\a';		/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
160 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
161 char DOT = '.';
162 char *hostname;
163 char *shostname;
164 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
165 int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
166 
167 /* counters */
168 long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
169 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
170 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
171 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
172 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
173 int interval = 1000;		/* interval between packets, ms */
174 
175 /* timing */
176 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
177 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
178 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
179 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
180 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
181 
182 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
183 int reset_kerninfo;
184 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
185 
186 static void fill(char *, char *);
187 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
188 static void check_status(void);
189 static void finish(void) __dead2;
190 static void pinger(void);
191 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
192 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
193 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
194 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
195 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
196 static void status(int);
197 static void stopit(int);
198 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
199 static void usage(void) __dead2;
200 
201 int
202 main(argc, argv)
203 	int argc;
204 	char *const *argv;
205 {
206 	struct sockaddr_in from, sin;
207 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
208 	struct timeval last, intvl;
209 	struct iovec iov;
210 	struct ip *ip;
211 	struct msghdr msg;
212 	struct sigaction si_sa;
213 	struct termios ts;
214 	size_t sz;
215 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET];
216 	char *ep, *source, *target;
217 	struct hostent *hp;
218 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
219 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
220 #endif
221 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
222 	double t;
223 	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
224 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, mib[4], packlen, preload, sockerrno,
225 	    tos, ttl;
226 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
227 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
228 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
229 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
230 #endif
231 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
232 
233 	source = NULL;
234 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
235 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
236 #endif
237 
238 	/*
239 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
240 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
241 	 * after arg parsing.
242 	 */
243 	s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
244 	sockerrno = errno;
245 
246 	setuid(getuid());
247 	uid = getuid();
248 
249 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
250 
251 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
252 	datap = &outpack[MINICMPLEN + PHDR_LEN];
253 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
254 		"ADI:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:m:Mnop:qrs:t:vz:"
255 #ifdef IPSEC
256 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
257 		"P:"
258 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
259 #endif /*IPSEC*/
260 		)) != -1)
261 	{
262 		switch(ch) {
263 		case 'A':
264 			options |= F_MISSED;
265 			break;
266 		case 'a':
267 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
268 			break;
269 		case 'c':
270 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
271 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
272 				errx(EX_USAGE,
273 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
274 				    optarg);
275 			npackets = ultmp;
276 			break;
277 		case 'D':
278 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
279 			df = 1;
280 			break;
281 		case 'd':
282 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
283 			break;
284 		case 'f':
285 			if (uid) {
286 				errno = EPERM;
287 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
288 			}
289 			options |= F_FLOOD;
290 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
291 			break;
292 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
293 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
294 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
295 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
296 				    optarg);
297 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
298 			interval = (int)t;
299 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
300 				errno = EPERM;
301 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
302 			}
303 			break;
304 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
305 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
306 				errx(EX_USAGE,
307 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
308 				    optarg);
309 			options |= F_MIF;
310 			break;
311 		case 'l':
312 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
313 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
314 				errx(EX_USAGE,
315 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
316 			if (uid) {
317 				errno = EPERM;
318 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
319 			}
320 			preload = ultmp;
321 			break;
322 		case 'L':
323 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
324 			loop = 0;
325 			break;
326 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
327 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
328 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
329 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
330 			ttl = ultmp;
331 			options |= F_TTL;
332 			break;
333 		case 'M':
334 			options |= F_MASK;
335 			break;
336 		case 'n':
337 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
338 			break;
339 		case 'o':
340 			options |= F_ONCE;
341 			break;
342 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
343 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
344 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
345 			break;
346 		case 'Q':
347 			options |= F_QUIET2;
348 			break;
349 		case 'q':
350 			options |= F_QUIET;
351 			break;
352 		case 'R':
353 			options |= F_RROUTE;
354 			break;
355 		case 'r':
356 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
357 			break;
358 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
359 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
360 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
361 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
362 				    optarg);
363 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
364 				errno = EPERM;
365 				err(EX_NOPERM,
366 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
367 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
368 			}
369 			datalen = ultmp;
370 			break;
371 		case 'S':
372 			source = optarg;
373 			break;
374 		case 't':
375 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
376 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
377 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
378 				    optarg);
379 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
380 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
381 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
382 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
383 			break;
384 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
385 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
386 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
387 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
388 				    optarg);
389 			mttl = ultmp;
390 			options |= F_MTTL;
391 			break;
392 		case 'v':
393 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
394 			break;
395 #ifdef IPSEC
396 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
397 		case 'P':
398 			options |= F_POLICY;
399 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
400 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
401 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
402 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
403 			else
404 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
405 			break;
406 		case 'z':
407 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
408 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
409 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
410 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
411 			tos = ultmp;
412 			break;
413 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
414 #endif /*IPSEC*/
415 		default:
416 			usage();
417 		}
418 	}
419 
420 	if (argc - optind != 1)
421 		usage();
422 	target = argv[optind];
423 
424 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct ip) - MINICMPLEN;
425 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
426 		maxpayload -= MAX_IPOPTLEN;
427 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
428 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu > %u", datalen,
429 		    maxpayload);
430 	if (source) {
431 		bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
432 		sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
433 		if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) {
434 			shostname = source;
435 		} else {
436 			hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
437 			if (!hp)
438 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
439 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
440 
441 			sin.sin_len = sizeof sin;
442 			if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr) ||
443 			    hp->h_length < 0)
444 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
445 			memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
446 			    sizeof(sin.sin_addr));
447 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
448 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
449 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
450 			shostname = snamebuf;
451 		}
452 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1)
453 			err(1, "bind");
454 	}
455 
456 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
457 	to = &whereto;
458 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
459 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
460 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
461 		hostname = target;
462 	} else {
463 		hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
464 		if (!hp)
465 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
466 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
467 
468 		if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
469 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
470 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
471 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
472 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
473 		hostname = hnamebuf;
474 	}
475 
476 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
477 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
478 
479 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
480 		errx(EX_USAGE,
481 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
482 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
483 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
484 		errx(EX_USAGE,
485 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
486 
487 	if (datalen - MASKLEN >= PHDR_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
488 		timing = 1;
489 	packlen = MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN + datalen;
490 	packlen = packlen > IP_MAXPACKET ? IP_MAXPACKET : packlen;
491 
492 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
493 		for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
494 			*datap++ = i;
495 
496 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
497 
498 	if (s < 0) {
499 		errno = sockerrno;
500 		err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
501 	}
502 	hold = 1;
503 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
504 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
505 		    sizeof(hold));
506 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
507 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
508 		    sizeof(hold));
509 #ifdef IPSEC
510 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
511 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
512 		char *buf;
513 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
514 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
515 			if (buf == NULL)
516 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
517 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
518 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
519 				err(EX_CONFIG,
520 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
521 			free(buf);
522 		}
523 
524 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
525 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
526 			if (buf == NULL)
527 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
528 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
529 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
530 				err(EX_CONFIG,
531 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
532 			free(buf);
533 		}
534 	}
535 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
536 #endif /*IPSEC*/
537 
538 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
539 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
540 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
541 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
542 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
543 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
544 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
545 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
546 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
547 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
548 		}
549 		setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
550 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
551 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
552 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
553 		ip->ip_id = 0;
554 		ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
555 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
556 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
557 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sin.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
558 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
559         }
560 	/* record route option */
561 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
562 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
563 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
564 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
565 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
566 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
567 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
568 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
569 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
570 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
571 #else
572 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
573 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
574 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
575 	}
576 
577 	if (options & F_TTL) {
578 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
579 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
580 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
581 		}
582 	}
583 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
584 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
585 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
586 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
587 		}
588 	}
589 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
590 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
591 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
592 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
593 		}
594 	}
595 	if (options & F_MIF) {
596 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
597 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
598 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
599 		}
600 	}
601 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
602 	{ int on = 1;
603 	if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
604 		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
605 	}
606 #endif
607 
608 	/*
609 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
610 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
611 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
612 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
613 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
614 	 */
615 
616 	/*
617 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
618 	 * as well.
619 	 */
620 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
621 	(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
622 	    sizeof(hold));
623 	if (uid == 0)
624 		(void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
625 		    sizeof(hold));
626 
627 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
628 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
629 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
630 		if (source)
631 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
632 		(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
633 	} else
634 		(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
635 
636 	/*
637 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
638 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
639 	 */
640 
641 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
642 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
643 
644 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
645 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
646 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
647 	}
648 
649 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
650 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
651 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
652 	}
653 
654         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
655 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
656 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
657 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
658         }
659 
660 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
661 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
662 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
663 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
664 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
665 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
666 #endif
667 	iov.iov_base = packet;
668 	iov.iov_len = packlen;
669 
670 	if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
671 		reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
672 		ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
673 		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
674 	}
675 
676 	if (preload == 0)
677 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
678 	else {
679 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
680 			preload = npackets;
681 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
682 			pinger();
683 	}
684 	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
685 
686 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
687 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
688 		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
689 	} else {
690 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
691 		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
692 	}
693 
694 	almost_done = 0;
695 	while (!finish_up) {
696 		struct timeval now, timeout;
697 		fd_set rfds;
698 		int cc, n;
699 
700 		check_status();
701 		if (s >= FD_SETSIZE)
702 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
703 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
704 		FD_SET(s, &rfds);
705 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
706 		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
707 		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
708 		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
709 			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
710 			timeout.tv_sec--;
711 		}
712 		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
713 			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
714 			timeout.tv_sec++;
715 		}
716 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
717 			timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
718 		n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
719 		if (n < 0)
720 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
721 		if (n == 1) {
722 			struct timeval *t = NULL;
723 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
724 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
725 
726 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
727 #endif
728 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
729 			if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
730 				if (errno == EINTR)
731 					continue;
732 				warn("recvmsg");
733 				continue;
734 			}
735 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
736 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
737 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
738 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *t)) {
739 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
740 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
741 				t = &now;
742 			}
743 #endif
744 			if (t == NULL) {
745 				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
746 				t = &now;
747 			}
748 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t);
749 			if (options & F_ONCE && nreceived ||
750 			    npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
751 				break;
752 		}
753 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
754 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
755 				pinger();
756 			else {
757 				if (almost_done)
758 					break;
759 				almost_done = 1;
760 				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
761 				if (nreceived) {
762 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
763 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
764 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
765 				} else
766 					intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
767 			}
768 			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
769 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
770 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
771 				if (options & F_MISSED)
772 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
773 			}
774 		}
775 	}
776 	finish();
777 	/* NOTREACHED */
778 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
779 }
780 
781 /*
782  * stopit --
783  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
784  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
785  * to be called from a signal handler.
786  */
787 void
788 stopit(sig)
789 	int sig __unused;
790 {
791 
792 	finish_up = 1;
793 }
794 
795 /*
796  * pinger --
797  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
798  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
799  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first PHDR_LEN
800  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
801  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
802  */
803 static void
804 pinger(void)
805 {
806 	struct ip *ip;
807 	struct icmp *icp;
808 	int cc, i;
809 	u_char *packet;
810 
811 	packet = outpack;
812 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
813 	if (options & F_MASK)
814 		icp->icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
815 	else
816 		icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
817 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
818 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
819 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
820 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
821 
822 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
823 
824 	if (timing)
825 		(void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[
826 			MINICMPLEN + MASKLEN], NULL);
827 
828 	cc = MINICMPLEN + datalen;
829 
830 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
831 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
832 
833 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
834 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
835 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
836 		ip->ip_len = cc;
837 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
838 		packet = outpackhdr;
839 	}
840 	i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
841 	    sizeof(whereto));
842 
843 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
844 		if (i < 0) {
845 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
846 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
847 				return;
848 			}
849 			warn("sendto");
850 		} else {
851 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
852 			     hostname, i, cc);
853 		}
854 	}
855 	ntransmitted++;
856 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
857 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
858 }
859 
860 /*
861  * pr_pack --
862  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
863  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
864  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
865  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
866  */
867 static void
868 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
869 	char *buf;
870 	int cc;
871 	struct sockaddr_in *from;
872 	struct timeval *tv;
873 {
874 	struct in_addr ina;
875 	u_char *cp, *dp;
876 	struct icmp *icp;
877 	struct ip *ip;
878 	const void *tp;
879 	double triptime;
880 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, seq;
881 	static int old_rrlen;
882 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
883 
884 	/* Check the IP header */
885 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
886 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
887 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
888 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
889 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
890 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
891 		return;
892 	}
893 
894 	/* Now the ICMP part */
895 	cc -= hlen;
896 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
897 	if ((icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) ||
898 	    ((icp->icmp_type == ICMP_MASKREPLY) && (options & F_MASK))) {
899 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
900 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
901 		++nreceived;
902 		triptime = 0.0;
903 		if (timing) {
904 			struct timeval tv1;
905 #ifndef icmp_data
906 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
907 #else
908 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
909 #endif
910 			tp+=MASKLEN;
911 
912 			/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
913 			memcpy(&tv1, tp, sizeof(tv1));
914 			tvsub(tv, &tv1);
915  			triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
916  			    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
917 			tsum += triptime;
918 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
919 			if (triptime < tmin)
920 				tmin = triptime;
921 			if (triptime > tmax)
922 				tmax = triptime;
923 		}
924 
925 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
926 
927 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
928 			++nrepeats;
929 			--nreceived;
930 			dupflag = 1;
931 		} else {
932 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
933 			dupflag = 0;
934 		}
935 
936 		if (options & F_QUIET)
937 			return;
938 
939 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
940 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
941 		else {
942 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
943 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
944 			   seq);
945 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
946 			if (timing)
947 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
948 			if (dupflag)
949 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
950 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
951 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
952 			if (options & F_MASK) {
953 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
954 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
955 					pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
956 			}
957 			/* check the data */
958 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN];
959 			dp = &outpack[MINICMPLEN + PHDR_LEN];
960 			for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
961 				if (*cp != *dp) {
962 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
963 	    i, *dp, *cp);
964 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
965 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
966 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
967 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
968 							(void)printf("\n\t");
969 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
970 					}
971 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
972 					cp = &outpack[MINICMPLEN];
973 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
974 						if ((i % 32) == 8)
975 							(void)printf("\n\t");
976 						(void)printf("%x ", *cp);
977 					}
978 					break;
979 				}
980 			}
981 		}
982 	} else {
983 		/*
984 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
985 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
986 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
987 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
988 		 *
989 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
990 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
991 		 * available to those not running as root.
992 		 */
993 #ifndef icmp_data
994 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
995 #else
996 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
997 #endif
998 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
999 
1000 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1001 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1002 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1003 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1004 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1005 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1006 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1007 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1008 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1009 		} else
1010 		    return;
1011 	}
1012 
1013 	/* Display any IP options */
1014 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1015 
1016 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1017 		switch (*cp) {
1018 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1019 			hlen = 0;
1020 			break;
1021 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1022 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1023 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1024 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1025 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1026 			hlen -= 2;
1027 			cp += 2;
1028 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1029 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1030 				for (;;) {
1031 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1032 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1033 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1034 					else
1035 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1036 						     pr_addr(ina));
1037 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1038 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1039 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1040 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1041 						break;
1042 					(void)putchar('\n');
1043 				}
1044 			} else
1045 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1046 			break;
1047 		case IPOPT_RR:
1048 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1049 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1050 			hlen -= 2;
1051 			cp += 2;
1052 			if (i > j)
1053 				i = j;
1054 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1055 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1056 				old_rrlen = 0;
1057 				continue;
1058 			}
1059 			if (i == old_rrlen
1060 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1061 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1062 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1063 				hlen -= i;
1064 				cp += i;
1065 				break;
1066 			}
1067 			old_rrlen = i;
1068 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1069 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1070 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1071 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1072 				for (;;) {
1073 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1074 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1075 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1076 					else
1077 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1078 						     pr_addr(ina));
1079 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1080 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1081 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1082 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1083 						break;
1084 					(void)putchar('\n');
1085 				}
1086 			} else
1087 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1088 			break;
1089 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1090 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1091 			break;
1092 		default:
1093 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1094 			break;
1095 		}
1096 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1097 		(void)putchar('\n');
1098 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1099 	}
1100 }
1101 
1102 /*
1103  * in_cksum --
1104  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1105  */
1106 u_short
1107 in_cksum(addr, len)
1108 	u_short *addr;
1109 	int len;
1110 {
1111 	int nleft, sum;
1112 	u_short *w;
1113 	union {
1114 		u_short	us;
1115 		u_char	uc[2];
1116 	} last;
1117 	u_short answer;
1118 
1119 	nleft = len;
1120 	sum = 0;
1121 	w = addr;
1122 
1123 	/*
1124 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1125 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1126 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1127 	 */
1128 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1129 		sum += *w++;
1130 		nleft -= 2;
1131 	}
1132 
1133 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1134 	if (nleft == 1) {
1135 		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1136 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1137 		sum += last.us;
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1141 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1142 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1143 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1144 	return(answer);
1145 }
1146 
1147 /*
1148  * tvsub --
1149  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1150  * be >= in.
1151  */
1152 static void
1153 tvsub(out, in)
1154 	struct timeval *out, *in;
1155 {
1156 
1157 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1158 		--out->tv_sec;
1159 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1160 	}
1161 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1162 }
1163 
1164 /*
1165  * status --
1166  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1167  */
1168 
1169 static void
1170 status(sig)
1171 	int sig __unused;
1172 {
1173 
1174 	siginfo_p = 1;
1175 }
1176 
1177 static void
1178 check_status()
1179 {
1180 
1181 	if (siginfo_p) {
1182 		siginfo_p = 0;
1183 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
1184 	"\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
1185 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1186 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0,
1187 		    nreceived ? tmin : 0.0,
1188 		    nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum,
1189 		    tmax);
1190 	}
1191 }
1192 
1193 /*
1194  * finish --
1195  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1196  */
1197 static void
1198 finish()
1199 {
1200 	struct termios ts;
1201 
1202 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1203 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1204 	(void)putchar('\n');
1205 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1206 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1207 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1208 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1209 	if (nrepeats)
1210 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1211 	if (ntransmitted) {
1212 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1213 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1214 		else
1215 			(void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1216 			    (int)(((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1217 			    ntransmitted));
1218 	}
1219 	(void)putchar('\n');
1220 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1221 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1222 		double avg = tsum / n;
1223 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1224 		(void)printf(
1225 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1226 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1227 	}
1228 	if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
1229 		ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
1230 		tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
1231 	}
1232 
1233 	if (nreceived)
1234 		exit(0);
1235 	else
1236 		exit(2);
1237 }
1238 
1239 #ifdef notdef
1240 static char *ttab[] = {
1241 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1242 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1243 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1244 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1245 	"Echo",
1246 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1247 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1248 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1249 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1250 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1251 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1252 };
1253 #endif
1254 
1255 /*
1256  * pr_icmph --
1257  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1258  */
1259 static void
1260 pr_icmph(icp)
1261 	struct icmp *icp;
1262 {
1263 
1264 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1265 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1266 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1267 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1268 		break;
1269 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1270 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1271 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1272 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1273 			break;
1274 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1275 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1276 			break;
1277 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1278 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1279 			break;
1280 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1281 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1282 			break;
1283 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1284 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1285 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1286 			break;
1287 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1288 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1289 			break;
1290 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1291 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1292 			break;
1293 		default:
1294 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1295 			    icp->icmp_code);
1296 			break;
1297 		}
1298 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1299 #ifndef icmp_data
1300 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1301 #else
1302 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1303 #endif
1304 		break;
1305 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1306 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1307 #ifndef icmp_data
1308 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1309 #else
1310 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1311 #endif
1312 		break;
1313 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1314 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1315 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1316 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1317 			break;
1318 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1319 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1320 			break;
1321 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1322 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1323 			break;
1324 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1325 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1326 			break;
1327 		default:
1328 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1329 			break;
1330 		}
1331 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1332 #ifndef icmp_data
1333 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1334 #else
1335 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1336 #endif
1337 		break;
1338 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1339 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1340 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1341 		break;
1342 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1343 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1344 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1345 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1346 			break;
1347 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1348 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1349 			break;
1350 		default:
1351 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1352 			    icp->icmp_code);
1353 			break;
1354 		}
1355 #ifndef icmp_data
1356 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1357 #else
1358 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1359 #endif
1360 		break;
1361 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1362 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1363 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1364 #ifndef icmp_data
1365 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1366 #else
1367 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1368 #endif
1369 		break;
1370 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1371 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1372 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1373 		break;
1374 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1375 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1376 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1377 		break;
1378 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1379 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1380 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1381 		break;
1382 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1383 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1384 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1385 		break;
1386 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1387 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1388 		break;
1389 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1390 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1391 		break;
1392 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1393 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1394 		break;
1395 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1396 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1397 		break;
1398 	default:
1399 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1400 	}
1401 }
1402 
1403 /*
1404  * pr_iph --
1405  *	Print an IP header with options.
1406  */
1407 static void
1408 pr_iph(ip)
1409 	struct ip *ip;
1410 {
1411 	u_char *cp;
1412 	int hlen;
1413 
1414 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1415 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1416 
1417 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1418 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1419 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1420 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1421 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1422 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1423 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1424 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1425 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1426 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1427 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1428 	/* dump any option bytes */
1429 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1430 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1431 	}
1432 	(void)putchar('\n');
1433 }
1434 
1435 /*
1436  * pr_addr --
1437  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1438  * a hostname.
1439  */
1440 static char *
1441 pr_addr(ina)
1442 	struct in_addr ina;
1443 {
1444 	struct hostent *hp;
1445 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1446 
1447 	if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1448 	    !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1449 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1450 	else
1451 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1452 		    inet_ntoa(ina));
1453 	return(buf);
1454 }
1455 
1456 /*
1457  * pr_retip --
1458  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1459  */
1460 static void
1461 pr_retip(ip)
1462 	struct ip *ip;
1463 {
1464 	u_char *cp;
1465 	int hlen;
1466 
1467 	pr_iph(ip);
1468 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1469 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1470 
1471 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1472 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1473 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1474 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1475 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1476 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1477 }
1478 
1479 static void
1480 fill(bp, patp)
1481 	char *bp, *patp;
1482 {
1483 	char *cp;
1484 	int pat[16];
1485 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1486 
1487 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1488 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1489 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1490 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1491 
1492 	}
1493 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1494 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1495 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1496 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1497 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1498 
1499 	if (ii > 0)
1500 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (PHDR_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1501 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1502 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1503 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1504 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1505 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1506 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1507 		(void)printf("\n");
1508 	}
1509 }
1510 
1511 static void
1512 usage()
1513 {
1514 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1515 "usage: ping [-ADQRadfnoqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-m ttl]",
1516 "            [-p pattern] "
1517 #ifdef IPSEC
1518 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1519 "[-P policy] "
1520 #endif
1521 #endif
1522 "[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]",
1523 "            [-z tos ] [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]");
1524 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1525 }
1526