1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 45 #endif /* not lint */ 46 47 /* 48 * P I N G . C 49 * 50 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 51 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 52 * 53 * Author - 54 * Mike Muuss 55 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 56 * December, 1983 57 * 58 * Status - 59 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 60 * Bugs - 61 * More statistics could always be gathered. 62 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 63 */ 64 65 #include <sys/param.h> 66 #include <sys/socket.h> 67 #include <sys/file.h> 68 #include <sys/time.h> 69 #include <signal.h> 70 #include <termios.h> 71 72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 73 #include <netinet/in.h> 74 #include <netinet/ip.h> 75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 77 #include <netdb.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 #include <stdio.h> 80 #include <ctype.h> 81 #include <errno.h> 82 #include <string.h> 83 84 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 85 #define MAXIPLEN 60 86 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 87 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 88 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 89 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 90 91 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 92 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 93 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 94 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 95 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 96 97 /* various options */ 98 int options; 99 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 100 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 101 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 102 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 103 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 104 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 105 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 106 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 107 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 108 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 109 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 110 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 111 #define F_MIF 0x1000 112 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 113 114 /* 115 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 116 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 117 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 118 */ 119 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 120 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 121 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 122 123 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 124 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 125 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 126 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 127 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 128 char DOT = '.'; 129 char *hostname; 130 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 131 132 /* counters */ 133 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 134 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 135 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 136 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 137 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 138 139 /* timing */ 140 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 141 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 142 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 143 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 144 145 int reset_kerninfo; 146 sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; 147 148 char *pr_addr(); 149 void catcher(), finish(), status(), check_status(); 150 151 main(argc, argv) 152 int argc; 153 char **argv; 154 { 155 extern int errno, optind; 156 extern char *optarg; 157 struct timeval timeout; 158 struct hostent *hp; 159 struct sockaddr_in *to; 160 struct protoent *proto; 161 struct termios ts; 162 register int i; 163 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno; 164 struct in_addr ifaddr; 165 unsigned char ttl, loop; 166 u_char *datap, *packet; 167 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc(); 168 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 169 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 170 #endif 171 struct sigaction si_sa; 172 173 /* 174 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and 175 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for 176 * after arg parsing. 177 */ 178 proto = getprotobyname("icmp"); 179 if (proto) { 180 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto); 181 sockerrno = errno; 182 } 183 184 setuid(getuid()); 185 186 preload = 0; 187 188 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 189 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRT:c:adfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF) 190 switch(ch) { 191 case 'a': 192 options |= F_AUDIBLE; 193 break; 194 case 'c': 195 npackets = atoi(optarg); 196 if (npackets <= 0) { 197 (void)fprintf(stderr, 198 "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n"); 199 exit(1); 200 } 201 break; 202 case 'd': 203 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 204 break; 205 case 'f': 206 if (getuid()) { 207 (void)fprintf(stderr, 208 "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM)); 209 exit(1); 210 } 211 options |= F_FLOOD; 212 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 213 break; 214 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 215 interval = atoi(optarg); 216 if (interval <= 0) { 217 (void)fprintf(stderr, 218 "ping: bad timing interval.\n"); 219 exit(1); 220 } 221 options |= F_INTERVAL; 222 break; 223 case 'I': /* multicast interface */ 224 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) { 225 (void)fprintf(stderr, 226 "ping: bad multicast interface.\n"); 227 exit(1); 228 } 229 options |= F_MIF; 230 break; 231 case 'l': 232 preload = atoi(optarg); 233 if (preload < 0) { 234 (void)fprintf(stderr, 235 "ping: bad preload value.\n"); 236 exit(1); 237 } 238 break; 239 case 'L': 240 options |= F_NOLOOP; 241 loop = 0; 242 break; 243 case 'n': 244 options |= F_NUMERIC; 245 break; 246 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 247 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 248 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 249 break; 250 case 'Q': 251 options |= F_QUIET2; 252 break; 253 case 'q': 254 options |= F_QUIET; 255 break; 256 case 'R': 257 options |= F_RROUTE; 258 break; 259 case 'r': 260 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 261 break; 262 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 263 datalen = atoi(optarg); 264 if (datalen > MAXPACKET) { 265 (void)fprintf(stderr, 266 "ping: packet size too large.\n"); 267 exit(1); 268 } 269 if (datalen <= 0) { 270 (void)fprintf(stderr, 271 "ping: illegal packet size.\n"); 272 exit(1); 273 } 274 break; 275 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ 276 i = atoi(optarg); 277 if (i < 0 || i > 255) { 278 (void)fprintf(stderr, 279 "ping: illegal multicast TTL.\n"); 280 exit(1); 281 } 282 ttl = i; 283 options |= F_MTTL; 284 break; 285 case 'v': 286 options |= F_VERBOSE; 287 break; 288 default: 289 usage(); 290 } 291 argc -= optind; 292 argv += optind; 293 294 if (argc != 1) 295 usage(); 296 target = *argv; 297 298 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 299 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 300 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 301 to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); 302 if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) 303 hostname = target; 304 else { 305 hp = gethostbyname(target); 306 if (!hp) { 307 (void)fprintf(stderr, 308 "ping: unknown host %s\n", target); 309 exit(1); 310 } 311 to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; 312 bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length); 313 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 314 hostname = hnamebuf; 315 } 316 317 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) { 318 (void)fprintf(stderr, 319 "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n"); 320 exit(1); 321 } 322 323 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 324 timing = 1; 325 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 326 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) { 327 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n"); 328 exit(1); 329 } 330 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 331 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 332 *datap++ = i; 333 334 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 335 336 if (!proto) { 337 (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n"); 338 exit(1); 339 } 340 if (s < 0) { 341 errno = sockerrno; 342 perror("ping: socket"); 343 exit(1); 344 } 345 hold = 1; 346 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 347 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 348 sizeof(hold)); 349 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 350 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 351 sizeof(hold)); 352 353 /* record route option */ 354 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 355 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 356 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 357 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 358 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 359 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 360 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { 361 perror("ping: record route"); 362 exit(1); 363 } 364 #else 365 (void)fprintf(stderr, 366 "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n"); 367 exit(1); 368 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 369 } 370 371 if (options & F_NOLOOP) { 372 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 373 sizeof(loop)) < 0) { 374 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 375 exit(1); 376 } 377 } 378 if (options & F_MTTL) { 379 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 380 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { 381 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 382 exit(1); 383 } 384 } 385 if (options & F_MIF) { 386 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 387 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { 388 perror("ping: IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 389 exit(1); 390 } 391 } 392 393 /* 394 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 395 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 396 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 397 * /etc/ethers. 398 */ 399 hold = 48 * 1024; 400 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 401 sizeof(hold)); 402 403 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 404 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 405 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), 406 datalen); 407 else 408 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 409 410 (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); 411 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 412 413 /* 414 * Use sigaction instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics 415 * for SIGINFO, in particular with SA_RESTART not set. 416 */ 417 si_sa.sa_handler = status; 418 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 419 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 420 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 421 perror("sigaction"); 422 exit(1); 423 } 424 425 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 426 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 427 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 428 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 429 } 430 431 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 432 pinger(); 433 434 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 435 catcher(); /* start things going */ 436 437 for (;;) { 438 struct sockaddr_in from; 439 register int cc; 440 int fromlen; 441 442 check_status(); 443 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 444 pinger(); 445 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 446 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 447 fdmask = 1 << s; 448 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 449 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 450 continue; 451 } 452 fromlen = sizeof(from); 453 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 454 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 455 if (errno == EINTR) 456 continue; 457 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 458 continue; 459 } 460 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 461 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 462 break; 463 } 464 finish(); 465 /* NOTREACHED */ 466 } 467 468 /* 469 * catcher -- 470 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 471 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 472 * 473 * bug -- 474 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 475 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 476 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 477 */ 478 void 479 catcher() 480 { 481 int waittime; 482 483 pinger(); 484 (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); 485 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 486 alarm((u_int)interval); 487 else { 488 if (nreceived) { 489 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 490 if (!waittime) 491 waittime = 1; 492 } else 493 waittime = MAXWAIT; 494 (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); 495 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 496 } 497 } 498 499 /* 500 * pinger -- 501 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 502 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 503 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 504 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host 505 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 506 */ 507 pinger() 508 { 509 register struct icmp *icp; 510 register int cc; 511 int i; 512 513 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 514 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 515 icp->icmp_code = 0; 516 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 517 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; 518 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 519 520 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 521 522 if (timing) 523 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 524 (struct timezone *)NULL); 525 526 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 527 528 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 529 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 530 531 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 532 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 533 534 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 535 if (i < 0) 536 perror("ping: sendto"); 537 (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", 538 hostname, cc, i); 539 } 540 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 541 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 542 } 543 544 /* 545 * pr_pack -- 546 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 547 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 548 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 549 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 550 */ 551 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 552 char *buf; 553 int cc; 554 struct sockaddr_in *from; 555 { 556 register struct icmp *icp; 557 register u_long l; 558 register int i, j; 559 register u_char *cp,*dp; 560 static int old_rrlen; 561 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 562 struct ip *ip; 563 struct timeval tv, *tp; 564 double triptime; 565 int hlen, dupflag; 566 567 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 568 569 /* Check the IP header */ 570 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 571 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 572 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 573 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 574 (void)fprintf(stderr, 575 "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, 576 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 577 return; 578 } 579 580 /* Now the ICMP part */ 581 cc -= hlen; 582 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 583 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 584 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 585 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 586 ++nreceived; 587 if (timing) { 588 #ifndef icmp_data 589 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 590 #else 591 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 592 #endif 593 tvsub(&tv, tp); 594 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 595 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 596 tsum += triptime; 597 if (triptime < tmin) 598 tmin = triptime; 599 if (triptime > tmax) 600 tmax = triptime; 601 } 602 603 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 604 ++nrepeats; 605 --nreceived; 606 dupflag = 1; 607 } else { 608 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 609 dupflag = 0; 610 } 611 612 if (options & F_QUIET) 613 return; 614 615 if (options & F_FLOOD) 616 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 617 else { 618 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 619 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 620 icp->icmp_seq); 621 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 622 if (timing) 623 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 624 if (dupflag) 625 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 626 if (options & F_AUDIBLE) 627 (void)printf("\a"); 628 /* check the data */ 629 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 630 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 631 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 632 if (*cp != *dp) { 633 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 634 i, *dp, *cp); 635 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 636 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 637 if ((i % 32) == 8) 638 (void)printf("\n\t"); 639 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 640 } 641 break; 642 } 643 } 644 } 645 } else { 646 /* 647 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. 648 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. 649 * We can compare IP destination, protocol, 650 * and ICMP type and ID. 651 */ 652 #ifndef icmp_data 653 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; 654 #else 655 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; 656 #endif 657 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); 658 659 if ((options & F_VERBOSE) || 660 (!(options & F_QUIET2) && 661 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == 662 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && 663 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && 664 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && 665 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { 666 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 667 pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); 668 pr_icmph(icp); 669 } else 670 return; 671 } 672 673 /* Display any IP options */ 674 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 675 676 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 677 switch (*cp) { 678 case IPOPT_EOL: 679 hlen = 0; 680 break; 681 case IPOPT_LSRR: 682 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 683 hlen -= 2; 684 j = *++cp; 685 ++cp; 686 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 687 for (;;) { 688 l = *++cp; 689 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 690 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 691 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 692 if (l == 0) 693 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 694 else 695 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 696 hlen -= 4; 697 j -= 4; 698 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 699 break; 700 (void)putchar('\n'); 701 } 702 break; 703 case IPOPT_RR: 704 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 705 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 706 hlen -= 2; 707 if (i > j) 708 i = j; 709 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 710 if (i <= 0) 711 continue; 712 if (i == old_rrlen 713 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 714 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 715 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 716 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 717 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 718 hlen -= i; 719 cp += i; 720 break; 721 } 722 old_rrlen = i; 723 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 724 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 725 for (;;) { 726 l = *++cp; 727 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 728 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 729 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 730 if (l == 0) 731 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 732 else 733 (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); 734 hlen -= 4; 735 i -= 4; 736 if (i <= 0) 737 break; 738 (void)putchar('\n'); 739 } 740 break; 741 case IPOPT_NOP: 742 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 743 break; 744 default: 745 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 746 break; 747 } 748 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 749 (void)putchar('\n'); 750 (void)fflush(stdout); 751 } 752 } 753 754 /* 755 * in_cksum -- 756 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 757 */ 758 in_cksum(addr, len) 759 u_short *addr; 760 int len; 761 { 762 register int nleft = len; 763 register u_short *w = addr; 764 register int sum = 0; 765 u_short answer = 0; 766 767 /* 768 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 769 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 770 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 771 */ 772 while (nleft > 1) { 773 sum += *w++; 774 nleft -= 2; 775 } 776 777 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 778 if (nleft == 1) { 779 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 780 sum += answer; 781 } 782 783 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 784 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 785 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 786 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 787 return(answer); 788 } 789 790 /* 791 * tvsub -- 792 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 793 * be >= in. 794 */ 795 tvsub(out, in) 796 register struct timeval *out, *in; 797 { 798 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 799 --out->tv_sec; 800 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 801 } 802 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 803 } 804 805 /* 806 * status -- 807 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. 808 */ 809 810 void 811 status(sig) 812 int sig; 813 { 814 siginfo_p = 1; 815 } 816 817 void 818 check_status() 819 { 820 if (siginfo_p) { 821 siginfo_p = 0; 822 (void)fprintf(stderr, 823 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", 824 nreceived, ntransmitted, 825 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, 826 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, 827 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, 828 tmax); 829 } 830 } 831 832 /* 833 * finish -- 834 * Print out statistics, and give up. 835 */ 836 void 837 finish() 838 { 839 struct termios ts; 840 841 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 842 (void)putchar('\n'); 843 (void)fflush(stdout); 844 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 845 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 846 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 847 if (nrepeats) 848 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 849 if (ntransmitted) 850 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 851 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 852 else 853 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 854 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 855 ntransmitted)); 856 (void)putchar('\n'); 857 if (nreceived && timing) 858 (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 859 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax); 860 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 861 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 862 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 863 } 864 865 if (nreceived) 866 exit(0); 867 else 868 exit(2); 869 } 870 871 #ifdef notdef 872 static char *ttab[] = { 873 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 874 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 875 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 876 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 877 "Echo", 878 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 879 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 880 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 881 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 882 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 883 "Info Reply" /* " */ 884 }; 885 #endif 886 887 /* 888 * pr_icmph -- 889 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 890 */ 891 pr_icmph(icp) 892 struct icmp *icp; 893 { 894 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 895 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 896 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 897 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 898 break; 899 case ICMP_UNREACH: 900 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 901 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 902 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 903 break; 904 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 905 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 906 break; 907 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 908 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 909 break; 910 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 911 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 912 break; 913 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 914 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", 915 icp->icmp_nextmtu); 916 break; 917 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 918 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 919 break; 920 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: 921 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); 922 break; 923 default: 924 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 925 icp->icmp_code); 926 break; 927 } 928 /* Print returned IP header information */ 929 #ifndef icmp_data 930 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 931 #else 932 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 933 #endif 934 break; 935 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 936 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 937 #ifndef icmp_data 938 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 939 #else 940 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 941 #endif 942 break; 943 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 944 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 945 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 946 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 947 break; 948 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 949 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 950 break; 951 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 952 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 953 break; 954 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 955 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 956 break; 957 default: 958 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 959 break; 960 } 961 (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); 962 #ifndef icmp_data 963 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 964 #else 965 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 966 #endif 967 break; 968 case ICMP_ECHO: 969 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 970 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 971 break; 972 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 973 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 974 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 975 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 976 break; 977 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 978 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 979 break; 980 default: 981 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 982 icp->icmp_code); 983 break; 984 } 985 #ifndef icmp_data 986 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 987 #else 988 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 989 #endif 990 break; 991 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 992 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 993 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 994 #ifndef icmp_data 995 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 996 #else 997 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 998 #endif 999 break; 1000 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 1001 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 1002 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1003 break; 1004 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 1005 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 1006 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1007 break; 1008 case ICMP_IREQ: 1009 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 1010 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1011 break; 1012 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1013 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 1014 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1015 break; 1016 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1017 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 1018 break; 1019 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1020 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 1021 break; 1022 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1023 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); 1024 break; 1025 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1026 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); 1027 break; 1028 default: 1029 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 1030 } 1031 } 1032 1033 /* 1034 * pr_iph -- 1035 * Print an IP header with options. 1036 */ 1037 pr_iph(ip) 1038 struct ip *ip; 1039 { 1040 int hlen; 1041 u_char *cp; 1042 1043 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1044 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 1045 1046 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1047 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1048 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), 1049 ntohs(ip->ip_id)); 1050 (void)printf(" %1x %04x", (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 1051 ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 1052 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, 1053 ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); 1054 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1055 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1056 /* dump any option bytes */ 1057 while (hlen-- > 20) { 1058 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1059 } 1060 (void)putchar('\n'); 1061 } 1062 1063 /* 1064 * pr_addr -- 1065 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 1066 * a hostname. 1067 */ 1068 char * 1069 pr_addr(l) 1070 u_long l; 1071 { 1072 struct hostent *hp; 1073 static char buf[80]; 1074 1075 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 1076 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) 1077 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s", 1078 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 1079 else 1080 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1081 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); 1082 return(buf); 1083 } 1084 1085 /* 1086 * pr_retip -- 1087 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1088 */ 1089 pr_retip(ip) 1090 struct ip *ip; 1091 { 1092 int hlen; 1093 u_char *cp; 1094 1095 pr_iph(ip); 1096 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1097 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 1098 1099 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 1100 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1101 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1102 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 1103 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1104 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1105 } 1106 1107 fill(bp, patp) 1108 char *bp, *patp; 1109 { 1110 register int ii, jj, kk; 1111 int pat[16]; 1112 char *cp; 1113 1114 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) 1115 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) { 1116 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1117 "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n"); 1118 exit(1); 1119 } 1120 ii = sscanf(patp, 1121 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1122 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1123 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1124 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1125 1126 if (ii > 0) 1127 for (kk = 0; 1128 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 1129 kk += ii) 1130 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1131 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1132 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1133 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1134 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1135 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1136 (void)printf("\n"); 1137 } 1138 } 1139 1140 usage() 1141 { 1142 (void)fprintf(stderr, 1143 "usage: ping [-LQRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-I interface]\n\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] host\n"); 1144 exit(1); 1145 } 1146