xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 499fe48de8938d4c7b0a91e20eb6c16db9d55633)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Mike Muuss.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20  *    without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 #if 0
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 #endif
46 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
47 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
48 
49 /*
50  *			P I N G . C
51  *
52  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
53  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
54  *
55  * Author -
56  *	Mike Muuss
57  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
58  *	December, 1983
59  *
60  * Status -
61  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
62  * Bugs -
63  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
64  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
68 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
69 #include <sys/socket.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 
74 #include <netinet/in.h>
75 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip.h>
77 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
78 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
79 #include <arpa/inet.h>
80 
81 #include <libcasper.h>
82 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
89 #include <ctype.h>
90 #include <err.h>
91 #include <errno.h>
92 #include <math.h>
93 #include <netdb.h>
94 #include <stddef.h>
95 #include <signal.h>
96 #include <stdio.h>
97 #include <stdlib.h>
98 #include <string.h>
99 #include <sysexits.h>
100 #include <time.h>
101 #include <unistd.h>
102 
103 #include "utils.h"
104 
105 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
106 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
107 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
108 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
109 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
110 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
111 					/* runs out of buffer space */
112 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
113 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
114 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
115 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
116 #define	MAXTOS		255
117 
118 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
119 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
120 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
121 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
122 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
123 
124 struct tv32 {
125 	int32_t tv32_sec;
126 	int32_t tv32_nsec;
127 };
128 
129 /* various options */
130 static int options;
131 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
132 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
133 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
134 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
135 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
136 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
137 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
138 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
139 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
140 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
141 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
142 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
143 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
144 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
145 #ifdef IPSEC
146 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
147 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
148 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
149 #endif /*IPSEC*/
150 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
151 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
152 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
153 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
154 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
155 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
156 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
157 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
158 
159 /*
160  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
161  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
162  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
163  */
164 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
165 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
166 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
167 
168 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
169 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
170 static int maxpayload;
171 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
172 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
173 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
174 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
175 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
176 static char DOT = '.';
177 static char *hostname;
178 static char *shostname;
179 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
180 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
181 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
182 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
183 static int phdr_len = 0;
184 static int send_len;
185 
186 /* counters */
187 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
188 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
189 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
190 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
191 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
192 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
193 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
194 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
195 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
196 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
197 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
198 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
199 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
200 
201 /* timing */
202 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
203 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
204 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
205 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
206 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
207 
208 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
209 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
210 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
211 
212 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
213 
214 static void fill(char *, char *);
215 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
216 static void check_status(void);
217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
218 static void pinger(void);
219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
223 static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);
224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *, const u_char *);
225 static void status(int);
226 static void stopit(int);
227 static void usage(void) __dead2;
228 
229 int
230 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
231 {
232 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
233 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
234 	struct timespec last, intvl;
235 	struct iovec iov;
236 	struct msghdr msg;
237 	struct sigaction si_sa;
238 	size_t sz;
239 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
240 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
241 	struct hostent *hp;
242 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
243 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
244 #endif
245 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
246 	double t;
247 	u_long alarmtimeout;
248 	long ltmp;
249 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
250 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
251 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
252 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
253 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
254 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
255 #endif
256 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
257 
258 	payload = source = NULL;
259 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
260 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
261 #endif
262 	cap_rights_t rights;
263 
264 	options |= F_NUMERIC;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
268 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
269 	 * after arg parsing.
270 	 *
271 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
272 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
273 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
274 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
275 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
276 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
277 	 * packets.
278 	 */
279 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280 	ssend_errno = errno;
281 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282 	srecv_errno = errno;
283 
284 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
285 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
286 	uid = getuid();
287 
288 	if (ssend < 0) {
289 		errno = ssend_errno;
290 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
291 	}
292 
293 	if (srecv < 0) {
294 		errno = srecv_errno;
295 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
296 	}
297 
298 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
299 
300 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
301 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
302 		"Aac:DdfG:g:Hh:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
303 #ifdef IPSEC
304 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
305 		"P:"
306 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
307 #endif /*IPSEC*/
308 		)) != -1)
309 	{
310 		switch(ch) {
311 		case 'A':
312 			options |= F_MISSED;
313 			break;
314 		case 'a':
315 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
316 			break;
317 		case 'c':
318 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
319 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
320 				errx(EX_USAGE,
321 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
322 				    optarg);
323 			npackets = ltmp;
324 			break;
325 		case 'D':
326 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
327 			df = 1;
328 			break;
329 		case 'd':
330 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
331 			break;
332 		case 'f':
333 			if (uid) {
334 				errno = EPERM;
335 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
336 			}
337 			options |= F_FLOOD;
338 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
339 			break;
340 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
341 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
342 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
343 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
344 				    optarg);
345 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
346 				errno = EPERM;
347 				err(EX_NOPERM,
348 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
349 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
350 			}
351 			options |= F_SWEEP;
352 			sweepmax = ltmp;
353 			break;
354 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
355 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
356 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp <= 0)
357 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
358 				    optarg);
359 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
360 				errno = EPERM;
361 				err(EX_NOPERM,
362 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
363 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
364 			}
365 			options |= F_SWEEP;
366 			sweepmin = ltmp;
367 			break;
368 		case 'H':
369 			options &= ~F_NUMERIC;
370 			break;
371 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
372 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
373 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 1)
374 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
375 				    optarg);
376 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
377 				errno = EPERM;
378 				err(EX_NOPERM,
379 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
380 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
381 			}
382 			options |= F_SWEEP;
383 			sweepincr = ltmp;
384 			break;
385 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
386 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
387 				errx(EX_USAGE,
388 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
389 				    optarg);
390 			options |= F_MIF;
391 			break;
392 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
393 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
394 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
395 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
396 				    optarg);
397 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
398 			interval = (int)t;
399 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
400 				errno = EPERM;
401 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
402 			}
403 			break;
404 		case 'L':
405 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
406 			loop = 0;
407 			break;
408 		case 'l':
409 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
410 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > INT_MAX || ltmp < 0)
411 				errx(EX_USAGE,
412 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
413 			if (uid) {
414 				errno = EPERM;
415 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
416 			}
417 			preload = ltmp;
418 			break;
419 		case 'M':
420 			switch(optarg[0]) {
421 			case 'M':
422 			case 'm':
423 				options |= F_MASK;
424 				break;
425 			case 'T':
426 			case 't':
427 				options |= F_TIME;
428 				break;
429 			default:
430 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
431 				break;
432 			}
433 			break;
434 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
435 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
436 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
437 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
438 			ttl = ltmp;
439 			options |= F_TTL;
440 			break;
441 		case 'n':
442 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
443 			break;
444 		case 'o':
445 			options |= F_ONCE;
446 			break;
447 #ifdef IPSEC
448 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
449 		case 'P':
450 			options |= F_POLICY;
451 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
452 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
453 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
454 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
455 			else
456 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
457 			break;
458 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
459 #endif /*IPSEC*/
460 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
461 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
462 			payload = optarg;
463 			break;
464 		case 'Q':
465 			options |= F_QUIET2;
466 			break;
467 		case 'q':
468 			options |= F_QUIET;
469 			break;
470 		case 'R':
471 			options |= F_RROUTE;
472 			break;
473 		case 'r':
474 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
475 			break;
476 		case 'S':
477 			source = optarg;
478 			break;
479 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
480 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
481 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp < 0)
482 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
483 				    optarg);
484 			if (uid != 0 && ltmp > DEFDATALEN) {
485 				errno = EPERM;
486 				err(EX_NOPERM,
487 				    "packet size too large: %ld > %u",
488 				    ltmp, DEFDATALEN);
489 			}
490 			datalen = ltmp;
491 			break;
492 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
493 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
494 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTTL || ltmp < 0)
495 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
496 				    optarg);
497 			mttl = ltmp;
498 			options |= F_MTTL;
499 			break;
500 		case 't':
501 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
502 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
503 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
504 				    optarg);
505 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
506 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
507 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
508 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
509 			break;
510 		case 'v':
511 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
512 			break;
513 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
514 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
515 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
516 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
517 				    optarg);
518 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
519 			waittime = (int)t;
520 			break;
521 		case 'z':
522 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
523 			ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
524 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
525 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
526 			tos = ltmp;
527 			break;
528 		default:
529 			usage();
530 		}
531 	}
532 
533 	if (argc - optind != 1)
534 		usage();
535 	target = argv[optind];
536 
537 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
538 	case 0: break;
539 	case F_MASK:
540 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
541 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
542 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
543 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
544 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
545 		break;
546 	case F_TIME:
547 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
548 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
549 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
550 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
551 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
552 		break;
553 	default:
554 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
555 		break;
556 	}
557 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
558 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
559 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
560 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
561 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
562 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
563 		    maxpayload);
564 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
565 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
566 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
567 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
568 	}
569 	capdns = capdns_setup();
570 	if (source) {
571 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
572 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
573 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
574 			shostname = source;
575 		} else {
576 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
577 			if (!hp)
578 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
579 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
580 
581 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
582 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
583 			    hp->h_length < 0)
584 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
585 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
586 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
587 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
588 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
589 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
590 			shostname = snamebuf;
591 		}
592 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
593 		    -1)
594 			err(1, "bind");
595 	}
596 
597 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
598 	to = &whereto;
599 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
600 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
601 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
602 		hostname = target;
603 	} else {
604 		hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
605 		if (!hp)
606 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
608 
609 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
610 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
611 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
612 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
613 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
614 		hostname = hnamebuf;
615 	}
616 
617 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
618 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
619 	if (capdns != NULL) {
620 		const char *types[1];
621 
622 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
623 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
624 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
625 	}
626 #endif
627 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
628 		err(1, "connect");
629 
630 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
631 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
632 
633 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
634 		errx(EX_USAGE,
635 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
636 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
637 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
638 		errx(EX_USAGE,
639 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
640 
641 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
642 		timing = 1;
643 
644 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
645 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
646 			*datap++ = i;
647 
648 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
649 
650 	hold = 1;
651 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
652 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
653 		    sizeof(hold));
654 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
655 		    sizeof(hold));
656 	}
657 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
658 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
659 		    sizeof(hold));
660 #ifdef IPSEC
661 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
662 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
663 		char *buf;
664 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
665 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
666 			if (buf == NULL)
667 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
668 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
669 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
670 				err(EX_CONFIG,
671 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
672 			free(buf);
673 		}
674 
675 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
676 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
677 			if (buf == NULL)
678 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
679 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
680 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
681 				err(EX_CONFIG,
682 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
683 			free(buf);
684 		}
685 	}
686 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
687 #endif /*IPSEC*/
688 
689 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
690 		struct ip ip;
691 
692 		memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
693 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
694 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
695 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
696 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
697 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
698 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
699 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
700 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
701 		}
702 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
703 		ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
704 		ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
705 		ip.ip_tos = tos;
706 		ip.ip_id = 0;
707 		ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
708 		ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
709 		ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
710 		ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
711 		ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
712 		memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
713         }
714 
715 	/*
716 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
717 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
718 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
719 	 */
720 	caph_cache_catpages();
721 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
722 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
723 
724 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
725 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
726 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
727 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
728 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
729 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
730 
731 	/* record route option */
732 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
733 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
734 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
735 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
736 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
737 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
738 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
739 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
740 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
741 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
742 #else
743 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
744 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
745 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
746 	}
747 
748 	if (options & F_TTL) {
749 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
750 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
751 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
752 		}
753 	}
754 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
755 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
756 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
757 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
758 		}
759 	}
760 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
761 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
762 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
763 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
764 		}
765 	}
766 	if (options & F_MIF) {
767 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
768 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
769 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
770 		}
771 	}
772 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
773 	{
774 		int on = 1;
775 		int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
776 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
777 		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
778 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
779 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
780 		    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
781 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
782 	}
783 #endif
784 	if (sweepmax) {
785 		if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
786 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");
787 
788 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
789 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
790 
791 		if (npackets > 0) {
792 			snpackets = npackets;
793 			npackets = 0;
794 		} else
795 			snpackets = 1;
796 		datalen = sweepmin;
797 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
798 	}
799 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
800 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
801 
802 	/*
803 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
804 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
805 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
806 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
807 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
808 	 */
809 
810 	/*
811 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
812 	 * as well.
813 	 */
814 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
815 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
816 	    sizeof(hold));
817 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
818 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
819 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
820 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
821 	if (uid == 0)
822 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
823 		    sizeof(hold));
824 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
825 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
826 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
827 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
828 
829 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
830 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
831 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
832 		if (source)
833 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
834 		if (sweepmax)
835 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
836 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
837 		else
838 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
839 
840 	} else {
841 		if (sweepmax)
842 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
843 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
844 		else
845 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
846 	}
847 
848 	/*
849 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
850 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
851 	 */
852 
853 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
854 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
855 
856 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
857 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
858 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
859 	}
860 
861 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
862 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
863 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
864 	}
865 
866         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
867 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
868 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
869 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
870         }
871 
872 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
873 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
874 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
875 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
876 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
877 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
878 	msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
879 #endif
880 	iov.iov_base = packet;
881 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
882 
883 	if (preload == 0)
884 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
885 	else {
886 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
887 			preload = npackets;
888 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
889 			pinger();
890 	}
891 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
892 
893 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
894 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
895 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
896 	} else {
897 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
898 		intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
899 	}
900 
901 	almost_done = 0;
902 	while (!finish_up) {
903 		struct timespec now, timeout;
904 		fd_set rfds;
905 		int n;
906 		ssize_t cc;
907 
908 		check_status();
909 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
910 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
911 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
912 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
913 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
914 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
915 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
916 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
917 			timespecclear(&timeout);
918 		n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
919 		if (n < 0)
920 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
921 		if (n == 1) {
922 			struct timespec *tv = NULL;
923 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
924 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
925 #endif
926 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
927 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
928 				if (errno == EINTR)
929 					continue;
930 				warn("recvmsg");
931 				continue;
932 			}
933 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
934 			if (cmsg != NULL &&
935 			    cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
936 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
937 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
938 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
939 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
940 				tv = &now;
941 			}
942 #endif
943 			if (tv == NULL) {
944 				(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
945 				tv = &now;
946 			}
947 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
948 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
949 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
950 				break;
951 		}
952 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
953 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
954 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
955 					*datap++ = i;
956 				datalen += sweepincr;
957 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
958 					break;
959 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
960 				sntransmitted = 0;
961 			}
962 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
963 				pinger();
964 			else {
965 				if (almost_done)
966 					break;
967 				almost_done = 1;
968 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
969 				if (nreceived) {
970 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
971 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
972 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
973 				} else {
974 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
975 					intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
976 				}
977 			}
978 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
979 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
980 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
981 				if (options & F_MISSED)
982 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
983 			}
984 		}
985 	}
986 	finish();
987 	/* NOTREACHED */
988 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
989 }
990 
991 /*
992  * stopit --
993  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
994  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
995  * to be called from a signal handler.
996  */
997 void
998 stopit(int sig __unused)
999 {
1000 
1001 	/*
1002 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1003 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1004 	 */
1005 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1006 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1007 	finish_up = 1;
1008 }
1009 
1010 /*
1011  * pinger --
1012  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1013  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1014  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1015  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
1016  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1017  */
1018 static void
1019 pinger(void)
1020 {
1021 	struct timespec now;
1022 	struct tv32 tv32;
1023 	struct icmp icp;
1024 	int cc, i;
1025 	u_char *packet;
1026 
1027 	packet = outpack;
1028 	memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1029 	icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
1030 	icp.icmp_code = 0;
1031 	icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
1032 	icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1033 	icp.icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1034 
1035 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1036 
1037 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1038 		(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1039 		/*
1040 		 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1041 		 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1042 		 * packet. We're only concerned with
1043 		 * durations, not absolute times.
1044 		 */
1045 		tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
1046 		tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
1047 		if (options & F_TIME)
1048 			icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1049 				* 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
1050 		if (timing)
1051 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1052 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1053 			    sizeof(tv32));
1054 	}
1055 
1056 	memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
1057 
1058 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1059 
1060 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1061 	icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
1062 	/* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1063 	memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
1064 	    sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));
1065 
1066 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1067 		struct ip ip;
1068 
1069 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1070 		ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
1071 		/* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
1072 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
1073 		    sizeof(ip.ip_len));
1074 		ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
1075 		/* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
1076 		memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
1077 		    sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
1078 		packet = outpackhdr;
1079 	}
1080 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1081 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1082 		if (i < 0) {
1083 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1084 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1085 				return;
1086 			}
1087 			warn("sendto");
1088 		} else {
1089 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1090 			     hostname, i, cc);
1091 		}
1092 	}
1093 	ntransmitted++;
1094 	sntransmitted++;
1095 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1096 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1097 }
1098 
1099 /*
1100  * pr_pack --
1101  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1102  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1103  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1104  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1105  */
1106 static void
1107 pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
1108 {
1109 	struct in_addr ina;
1110 	u_char *cp, *dp, l;
1111 	struct icmp icp;
1112 	struct ip ip;
1113 	const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
1114 	double triptime;
1115 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len;
1116 	uint16_t seq;
1117 	static int old_rrlen;
1118 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1119 	struct ip oip;
1120 	u_char oip_header_len;
1121 	struct icmp oicmp;
1122 	const u_char *oicmp_raw;
1123 
1124 	/*
1125 	 * Get size of IP header of the received packet. The
1126 	 * information is contained in the lower four bits of the
1127 	 * first byte.
1128 	 */
1129 	memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
1130 	hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;
1131 	memcpy(&ip, buf, hlen);
1132 
1133 	/* Check the IP header */
1134 	recv_len = cc;
1135 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1136 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1137 			warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
1138 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1139 		return;
1140 	}
1141 
1142 #ifndef icmp_data
1143 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_ip);
1144 #else
1145 	icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);
1146 #endif
1147 
1148 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1149 	cc -= hlen;
1150 	memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
1151 	if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1152 		if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
1153 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1154 		++nreceived;
1155 		triptime = 0.0;
1156 		if (timing) {
1157 			struct timespec tv1;
1158 			struct tv32 tv32;
1159 			const u_char *tp;
1160 
1161 			tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;
1162 
1163 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1164 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1165 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1166 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1167 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1168 				tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
1169 				timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
1170  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1171 				    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1172 				tsum += triptime;
1173 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1174 				if (triptime < tmin)
1175 					tmin = triptime;
1176 				if (triptime > tmax)
1177 					tmax = triptime;
1178 			} else
1179 				timing = 0;
1180 		}
1181 
1182 		seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);
1183 
1184 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1185 			++nrepeats;
1186 			--nreceived;
1187 			dupflag = 1;
1188 		} else {
1189 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1190 			dupflag = 0;
1191 		}
1192 
1193 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1194 			return;
1195 
1196 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1197 			++nrcvtimeout;
1198 			return;
1199 		}
1200 
1201 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1202 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1203 		else {
1204 			(void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1205 			    pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
1206 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
1207 			if (timing)
1208 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1209 			if (dupflag)
1210 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1211 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1212 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1213 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1214 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1215 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1216 					inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
1217 			}
1218 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1219 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
1220 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
1221 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
1222 			}
1223 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1224                         	(void)printf(
1225 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1226 				     recv_len, send_len);
1227 			}
1228 			/* check the data */
1229 			cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
1230 				icmp_data) + phdr_len);
1231 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1232 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1233 			i = 0;
1234 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1235 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1236 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1237 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1238 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1239 			}
1240 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1241 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1242 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1243 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1244 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1245 					cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
1246 					    offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
1247 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1248 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1249 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1250 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1251 					}
1252 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1253 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1254 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1255 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1256 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1257 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1258 					}
1259 					break;
1260 				}
1261 			}
1262 		}
1263 	} else {
1264 		/*
1265 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1266 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1267 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1268 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1269 		 *
1270 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1271 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1272 		 * available to those not running as root.
1273 		 */
1274 		memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
1275 		oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;
1276 		memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, oip_header_len);
1277 		oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
1278 		memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_id) +
1279 		    sizeof(oicmp.icmp_id));
1280 
1281 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1282 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1283 		     (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1284 		     (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1285 		     (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1286 		     (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
1287 		    (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
1288 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1289 		    pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, oicmp_raw);
1290 		} else
1291 		    return;
1292 	}
1293 
1294 	/* Display any IP options */
1295 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1296 
1297 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1298 		switch (*cp) {
1299 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1300 			hlen = 0;
1301 			break;
1302 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1303 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1304 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1305 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1306 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1307 			hlen -= 2;
1308 			cp += 2;
1309 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1310 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1311 				for (;;) {
1312 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1313 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1314 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1315 					else
1316 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1317 						     pr_addr(ina));
1318 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1319 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1320 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1321 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1322 						break;
1323 					(void)putchar('\n');
1324 				}
1325 			} else
1326 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1327 			break;
1328 		case IPOPT_RR:
1329 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1330 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1331 			hlen -= 2;
1332 			cp += 2;
1333 			if (i > j)
1334 				i = j;
1335 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1336 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1337 				old_rrlen = 0;
1338 				continue;
1339 			}
1340 			if (i == old_rrlen
1341 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1342 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1343 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1344 				hlen -= i;
1345 				cp += i;
1346 				break;
1347 			}
1348 			old_rrlen = i;
1349 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1350 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1351 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1352 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1353 				for (;;) {
1354 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1355 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1356 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1357 					else
1358 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1359 						     pr_addr(ina));
1360 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1361 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1362 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1363 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1364 						break;
1365 					(void)putchar('\n');
1366 				}
1367 			} else
1368 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1369 			break;
1370 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1371 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1372 			break;
1373 		default:
1374 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1375 			break;
1376 		}
1377 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1378 		(void)putchar('\n');
1379 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1380 	}
1381 }
1382 
1383 /*
1384  * status --
1385  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1386  */
1387 
1388 static void
1389 status(int sig __unused)
1390 {
1391 
1392 	siginfo_p = 1;
1393 }
1394 
1395 static void
1396 check_status(void)
1397 {
1398 
1399 	if (siginfo_p) {
1400 		siginfo_p = 0;
1401 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1402 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1403 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1404 		if (nreceived && timing)
1405 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1406 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1407 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1408 	}
1409 }
1410 
1411 /*
1412  * finish --
1413  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1414  */
1415 static void
1416 finish(void)
1417 {
1418 
1419 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1420 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1421 	(void)putchar('\n');
1422 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1423 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1424 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1425 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1426 	if (nrepeats)
1427 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1428 	if (ntransmitted) {
1429 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1430 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1431 		else
1432 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1433 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1434 			    ntransmitted);
1435 	}
1436 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1437 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1438 	(void)putchar('\n');
1439 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1440 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1441 		double avg = tsum / n;
1442 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1443 		(void)printf(
1444 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1445 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1446 	}
1447 
1448 	if (nreceived)
1449 		exit(0);
1450 	else
1451 		exit(2);
1452 }
1453 
1454 #ifdef notdef
1455 static char *ttab[] = {
1456 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1457 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1458 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1459 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1460 	"Echo",
1461 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1462 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1463 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1464 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1465 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1466 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1467 };
1468 #endif
1469 
1470 /*
1471  * pr_icmph --
1472  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1473  */
1474 static void
1475 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
1476 {
1477 
1478 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1479 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1480 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1481 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1482 		break;
1483 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1484 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1485 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1486 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1487 			break;
1488 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1489 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1490 			break;
1491 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1492 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1493 			break;
1494 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1495 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1496 			break;
1497 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1498 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1499 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1500 			break;
1501 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1502 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1503 			break;
1504 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1505 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1506 			break;
1507 		default:
1508 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1509 			    icp->icmp_code);
1510 			break;
1511 		}
1512 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1513 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1514 		break;
1515 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1516 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1517 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1518 		break;
1519 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1520 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1521 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1522 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1523 			break;
1524 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1525 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1526 			break;
1527 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1528 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1529 			break;
1530 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1531 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1532 			break;
1533 		default:
1534 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1535 			break;
1536 		}
1537 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1538 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1539 		break;
1540 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1541 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1542 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1543 		break;
1544 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1545 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1546 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1547 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1548 			break;
1549 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1550 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1551 			break;
1552 		default:
1553 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1554 			    icp->icmp_code);
1555 			break;
1556 		}
1557 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1558 		break;
1559 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1560 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1561 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1562 		pr_retip(oip, oicmp_raw);
1563 		break;
1564 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1565 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1566 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1567 		break;
1568 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1569 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1570 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1571 		break;
1572 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1573 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1574 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1575 		break;
1576 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1577 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1578 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1579 		break;
1580 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1581 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1582 		break;
1583 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1584 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1585 		break;
1586 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1587 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1588 		break;
1589 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1590 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1591 		break;
1592 	default:
1593 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1594 	}
1595 }
1596 
1597 /*
1598  * pr_iph --
1599  *	Print an IP header with options.
1600  */
1601 static void
1602 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1603 {
1604 	struct in_addr ina;
1605 	u_char *cp;
1606 	int hlen;
1607 
1608 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1609 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1610 
1611 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1612 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1613 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1614 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1615 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1616 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1617 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1618 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1619 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1620 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1621 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1622 	memcpy(&ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof ina);
1623 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(ina));
1624 	/* dump any option bytes */
1625 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1626 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1627 	}
1628 	(void)putchar('\n');
1629 }
1630 
1631 /*
1632  * pr_addr --
1633  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1634  * a hostname.
1635  */
1636 static char *
1637 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1638 {
1639 	struct hostent *hp;
1640 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1641 
1642 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1643 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1644 
1645 	hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1646 
1647 	if (hp == NULL)
1648 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1649 
1650 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1651 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1652 	return(buf);
1653 }
1654 
1655 /*
1656  * pr_retip --
1657  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1658  */
1659 static void
1660 pr_retip(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
1661 {
1662 	pr_iph(ip);
1663 
1664 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1665 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1666 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1667 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1668 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1669 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1670 }
1671 
1672 static char *
1673 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1674 {
1675 	static char buf[11];
1676 	int hour, min, sec;
1677 
1678 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1679 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1680 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1681 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1682 
1683 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1684 
1685 	return (buf);
1686 }
1687 
1688 static void
1689 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1690 {
1691 	char *cp;
1692 	int pat[16];
1693 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1694 
1695 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1696 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1697 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1698 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1699 
1700 	}
1701 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1702 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1703 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1704 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1705 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1706 
1707 	if (ii > 0)
1708 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1709 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1710 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1711 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1712 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1713 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1714 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1715 		(void)printf("\n");
1716 	}
1717 }
1718 
1719 static cap_channel_t *
1720 capdns_setup(void)
1721 {
1722 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1723 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1724 	const char *types[2];
1725 	int families[1];
1726 #endif
1727 	capcas = cap_init();
1728 	if (capcas == NULL)
1729 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
1730 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1731 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1732 	cap_close(capcas);
1733 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1734 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1735 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
1736 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
1737 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
1738 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1739 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1740 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1741 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1742 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1743 #endif
1744 	return (capdnsloc);
1745 }
1746 
1747 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1748 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1749 #else
1750 #define	SECOPT		""
1751 #endif
1752 static void
1753 usage(void)
1754 {
1755 
1756 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1757 "usage: ping [-AaDdfHnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1758 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1759 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1760 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1761 "       ping [-AaDdfHLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1762 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1763 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1764 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1765 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1766 }
1767