xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 43d55325406e96e37be661de52289c2592c82ec9)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Mike Muuss.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #if 0
34 #ifndef lint
35 static const char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 #endif
44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46 
47 /*
48  *			P I N G . C
49  *
50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52  *
53  * Author -
54  *	Mike Muuss
55  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56  *	December, 1983
57  *
58  * Status -
59  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
60  * Bugs -
61  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
62  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63  */
64 
65 #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
67 #include <sys/socket.h>
68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
69 #include <sys/time.h>
70 #include <sys/uio.h>
71 
72 #include <netinet/in.h>
73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
78 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
79 #include <libcapsicum.h>
80 #include <libcapsicum_dns.h>
81 #include <libcapsicum_service.h>
82 #endif
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <ctype.h>
89 #include <err.h>
90 #include <errno.h>
91 #include <math.h>
92 #include <netdb.h>
93 #include <signal.h>
94 #include <stdio.h>
95 #include <stdlib.h>
96 #include <string.h>
97 #include <sysexits.h>
98 #include <unistd.h>
99 
100 #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
101 #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
102 #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
103 #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
104 #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
105 #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
106 					/* runs out of buffer space */
107 #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
108 #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
109 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
110 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
111 #define	MAXTOS		255
112 
113 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
114 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
115 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
116 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
117 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
118 
119 struct tv32 {
120 	int32_t tv32_sec;
121 	int32_t tv32_usec;
122 };
123 
124 /* various options */
125 static int options;
126 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
127 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
128 #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
129 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
130 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
131 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
132 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
133 #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
134 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
135 #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
136 #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
137 #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
138 #define	F_MIF		0x1000
139 #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
140 #ifdef IPSEC
141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
142 #define F_POLICY	0x4000
143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
144 #endif /*IPSEC*/
145 #define	F_TTL		0x8000
146 #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
147 #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
148 #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
149 #define	F_MASK		0x80000
150 #define	F_TIME		0x100000
151 #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
152 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
153 
154 /*
155  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
156  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
157  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
158  */
159 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
160 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
161 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
162 
163 static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
164 static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
165 static int maxpayload;
166 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
167 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
168 static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
169 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
170 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
171 static char DOT = '.';
172 static char *hostname;
173 static char *shostname;
174 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
175 static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
176 static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
177 static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
178 static int phdr_len = 0;
179 static int send_len;
180 
181 /* counters */
182 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
183 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
184 static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
185 static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
186 static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
187 static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
188 static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
189 static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
190 static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
191 static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
192 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
193 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
194 static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
195 
196 /* timing */
197 static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
198 static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
199 static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
200 static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
201 static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
202 
203 /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
204 static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
205 static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
206 
207 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
209 #endif
210 
211 static void fill(char *, char *);
212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
213 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
215 #endif
216 static void check_status(void);
217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
218 static void pinger(void);
219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
225 static void status(int);
226 static void stopit(int);
227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
229 
230 int
231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
232 {
233 	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234 	struct in_addr ifaddr;
235 	struct timeval last, intvl;
236 	struct iovec iov;
237 	struct ip *ip;
238 	struct msghdr msg;
239 	struct sigaction si_sa;
240 	size_t sz;
241 	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
242 	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
243 	struct hostent *hp;
244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245 	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
246 #endif
247 	struct sockaddr_in *to;
248 	double t;
249 	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
250 	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
251 	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
252 	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
253 	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
254 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
255 	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
256 #endif
257 	unsigned char loop, mttl;
258 
259 	payload = source = NULL;
260 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
261 	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
262 #endif
263 	cap_rights_t rights;
264 	bool cansandbox;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
268 	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
269 	 * after arg parsing.
270 	 *
271 	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
272 	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
273 	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
274 	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
275 	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
276 	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
277 	 * packets.
278 	 */
279 	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280 	ssend_errno = errno;
281 	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282 	srecv_errno = errno;
283 
284 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
285 		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
286 	uid = getuid();
287 
288 	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
289 
290 	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
291 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
292 		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
293 #ifdef IPSEC
294 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
295 		"P:"
296 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
297 #endif /*IPSEC*/
298 		)) != -1)
299 	{
300 		switch(ch) {
301 		case 'A':
302 			options |= F_MISSED;
303 			break;
304 		case 'a':
305 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
306 			break;
307 		case 'c':
308 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
309 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
310 				errx(EX_USAGE,
311 				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
312 				    optarg);
313 			npackets = ultmp;
314 			break;
315 		case 'D':
316 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
317 			df = 1;
318 			break;
319 		case 'd':
320 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
321 			break;
322 		case 'f':
323 			if (uid) {
324 				errno = EPERM;
325 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
326 			}
327 			options |= F_FLOOD;
328 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
329 			break;
330 		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
331 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
332 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
333 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
334 				    optarg);
335 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
336 				errno = EPERM;
337 				err(EX_NOPERM,
338 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
339 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
340 			}
341 			options |= F_SWEEP;
342 			sweepmax = ultmp;
343 			break;
344 		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
345 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
346 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
347 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
348 				    optarg);
349 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
350 				errno = EPERM;
351 				err(EX_NOPERM,
352 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
353 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
354 			}
355 			options |= F_SWEEP;
356 			sweepmin = ultmp;
357 			break;
358 		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
359 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
360 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
361 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
362 				    optarg);
363 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
364 				errno = EPERM;
365 				err(EX_NOPERM,
366 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
367 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
368 			}
369 			options |= F_SWEEP;
370 			sweepincr = ultmp;
371 			break;
372 		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
373 			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
374 				errx(EX_USAGE,
375 				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
376 				    optarg);
377 			options |= F_MIF;
378 			break;
379 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
380 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
381 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
382 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
383 				    optarg);
384 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
385 			interval = (int)t;
386 			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
387 				errno = EPERM;
388 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
389 			}
390 			break;
391 		case 'L':
392 			options |= F_NOLOOP;
393 			loop = 0;
394 			break;
395 		case 'l':
396 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
397 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
398 				errx(EX_USAGE,
399 				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
400 			if (uid) {
401 				errno = EPERM;
402 				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
403 			}
404 			preload = ultmp;
405 			break;
406 		case 'M':
407 			switch(optarg[0]) {
408 			case 'M':
409 			case 'm':
410 				options |= F_MASK;
411 				break;
412 			case 'T':
413 			case 't':
414 				options |= F_TIME;
415 				break;
416 			default:
417 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
418 				break;
419 			}
420 			break;
421 		case 'm':		/* TTL */
422 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
423 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
424 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
425 			ttl = ultmp;
426 			options |= F_TTL;
427 			break;
428 		case 'n':
429 			options |= F_NUMERIC;
430 			break;
431 		case 'o':
432 			options |= F_ONCE;
433 			break;
434 #ifdef IPSEC
435 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
436 		case 'P':
437 			options |= F_POLICY;
438 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
439 				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
440 			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
441 				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
442 			else
443 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
444 			break;
445 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
446 #endif /*IPSEC*/
447 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
448 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
449 			payload = optarg;
450 			break;
451 		case 'Q':
452 			options |= F_QUIET2;
453 			break;
454 		case 'q':
455 			options |= F_QUIET;
456 			break;
457 		case 'R':
458 			options |= F_RROUTE;
459 			break;
460 		case 'r':
461 			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
462 			break;
463 		case 'S':
464 			source = optarg;
465 			break;
466 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
467 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
468 			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
469 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
470 				    optarg);
471 			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
472 				errno = EPERM;
473 				err(EX_NOPERM,
474 				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
475 				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
476 			}
477 			datalen = ultmp;
478 			break;
479 		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
480 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
481 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
482 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
483 				    optarg);
484 			mttl = ultmp;
485 			options |= F_MTTL;
486 			break;
487 		case 't':
488 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
489 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
490 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
491 				    optarg);
492 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
493 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
494 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
495 			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
496 			break;
497 		case 'v':
498 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
499 			break;
500 		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
501 			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
502 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
503 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
504 				    optarg);
505 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
506 			waittime = (int)t;
507 			break;
508 		case 'z':
509 			options |= F_HDRINCL;
510 			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
511 			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
512 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
513 			tos = ultmp;
514 			break;
515 		default:
516 			usage();
517 		}
518 	}
519 
520 	if (argc - optind != 1)
521 		usage();
522 	target = argv[optind];
523 
524 	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
525 	case 0: break;
526 	case F_MASK:
527 		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
528 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
529 		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
530 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
531 			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
532 		break;
533 	case F_TIME:
534 		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
535 		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
536 		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
537 		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
538 			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
539 		break;
540 	default:
541 		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
542 		break;
543 	}
544 	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
545 	if (options & F_RROUTE)
546 		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
547 	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
548 	if (datalen > maxpayload)
549 		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
550 		    maxpayload);
551 	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
552 	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
553 	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
554 		fill((char *)datap, payload);
555 	}
556 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
557 	capdns = capdns_setup();
558 #endif
559 	if (source) {
560 		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
561 		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
562 		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
563 			shostname = source;
564 		} else {
565 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
566 			if (capdns != NULL)
567 				hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
568 				    AF_INET);
569 			else
570 #endif
571 				hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
572 			if (!hp)
573 				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
574 				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
575 
576 			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
577 			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
578 			    hp->h_length < 0)
579 				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
580 			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
581 			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
582 			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
583 			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
584 			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
585 			shostname = snamebuf;
586 		}
587 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
588 		    -1)
589 			err(1, "bind");
590 	}
591 
592 	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
593 	to = &whereto;
594 	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
595 	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
596 	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
597 		hostname = target;
598 	} else {
599 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
600 		if (capdns != NULL)
601 			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
602 		else
603 #endif
604 			hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
605 		if (!hp)
606 			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607 			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
608 
609 		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
610 			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
611 		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
612 		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
613 		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
614 		hostname = hnamebuf;
615 	}
616 
617 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
618 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
619 	if (capdns != NULL) {
620 		const char *types[1];
621 
622 		types[0] = "ADDR";
623 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
624 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
625 	}
626 #endif
627 
628 	if (ssend < 0) {
629 		errno = ssend_errno;
630 		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
631 	}
632 
633 	if (srecv < 0) {
634 		errno = srecv_errno;
635 		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
636 	}
637 
638 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
639 		err(1, "connect");
640 
641 	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
642 		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
643 
644 	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
645 		errx(EX_USAGE,
646 		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
647 	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
648 	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
649 		errx(EX_USAGE,
650 		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
651 
652 	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
653 		timing = 1;
654 
655 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
656 		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
657 			*datap++ = i;
658 
659 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
660 
661 	hold = 1;
662 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
663 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
664 		    sizeof(hold));
665 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
666 		    sizeof(hold));
667 	}
668 	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
669 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
670 		    sizeof(hold));
671 #ifdef IPSEC
672 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
673 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
674 		char *buf;
675 		if (policy_in != NULL) {
676 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
677 			if (buf == NULL)
678 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
679 			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
680 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
681 				err(EX_CONFIG,
682 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
683 			free(buf);
684 		}
685 
686 		if (policy_out != NULL) {
687 			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
688 			if (buf == NULL)
689 				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
690 			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
691 					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
692 				err(EX_CONFIG,
693 				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
694 			free(buf);
695 		}
696 	}
697 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
698 #endif /*IPSEC*/
699 
700 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
701 		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
702 		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
703 			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
704 			mib[1] = PF_INET;
705 			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
706 			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
707 			sz = sizeof(ttl);
708 			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
709 				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
710 		}
711 		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
712 		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
713 		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
714 		ip->ip_tos = tos;
715 		ip->ip_id = 0;
716 		ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
717 		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
718 		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
719 		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
720 		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
721         }
722 
723 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
724 		cansandbox = true;
725 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
726 	else if (capdns != NULL)
727 		cansandbox = true;
728 #endif
729 	else
730 		cansandbox = false;
731 
732 	/*
733 	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
734 	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
735 	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
736 	 */
737 	if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
738 		err(1, "cap_enter");
739 
740 	if (cap_sandboxed())
741 		fprintf(stderr, "capability mode sandbox enabled\n");
742 
743 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
744 	if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
745 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
746 
747 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
748 	if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
749 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
750 
751 	/* record route option */
752 	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
753 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
754 		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
755 		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
756 		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
757 		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
758 		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
759 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
760 		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
761 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
762 #else
763 		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
764 		    "record route not available in this implementation");
765 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
766 	}
767 
768 	if (options & F_TTL) {
769 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
770 		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
771 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
772 		}
773 	}
774 	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
775 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
776 		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
777 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
778 		}
779 	}
780 	if (options & F_MTTL) {
781 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
782 		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
783 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
784 		}
785 	}
786 	if (options & F_MIF) {
787 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
788 		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
789 			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
790 		}
791 	}
792 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
793 	{ int on = 1;
794 	if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
795 		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
796 	}
797 #endif
798 	if (sweepmax) {
799 		if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
800 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
801 
802 		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
803 			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
804 
805 		if (npackets > 0) {
806 			snpackets = npackets;
807 			npackets = 0;
808 		} else
809 			snpackets = 1;
810 		datalen = sweepmin;
811 		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
812 	}
813 	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
814 		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
815 
816 	/*
817 	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
818 	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
819 	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
820 	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
821 	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
822 	 */
823 
824 	/*
825 	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
826 	 * as well.
827 	 */
828 	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
829 	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
830 	    sizeof(hold));
831 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
832 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
833 	if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
834 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
835 	if (uid == 0)
836 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
837 		    sizeof(hold));
838 	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
839 	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
840 	if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
841 		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
842 
843 	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
844 		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
845 		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
846 		if (source)
847 			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
848 		if (sweepmax)
849 			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
850 			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
851 		else
852 			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
853 
854 	} else {
855 		if (sweepmax)
856 			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
857 			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
858 		else
859 			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
860 	}
861 
862 	/*
863 	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
864 	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
865 	 */
866 
867 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
868 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
869 
870 	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
871 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
872 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
873 	}
874 
875 	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
876 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
877 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
878 	}
879 
880         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
881 		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
882 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
883 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
884         }
885 
886 	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
887 	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
888 	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
889 	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
890 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
891 	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
892 #endif
893 	iov.iov_base = packet;
894 	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
895 
896 	if (preload == 0)
897 		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
898 	else {
899 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
900 			preload = npackets;
901 		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
902 			pinger();
903 	}
904 	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
905 
906 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
907 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
908 		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
909 	} else {
910 		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
911 		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
912 	}
913 
914 	almost_done = 0;
915 	while (!finish_up) {
916 		struct timeval now, timeout;
917 		fd_set rfds;
918 		int cc, n;
919 
920 		check_status();
921 		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
922 			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
923 		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
924 		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
925 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
926 		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
927 		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
928 		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
929 			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
930 			timeout.tv_sec--;
931 		}
932 		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
933 			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
934 			timeout.tv_sec++;
935 		}
936 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
937 			timerclear(&timeout);
938 		n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
939 		if (n < 0)
940 			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
941 		if (n == 1) {
942 			struct timeval *tv = NULL;
943 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
944 			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
945 
946 			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
947 #endif
948 			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
949 			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
950 				if (errno == EINTR)
951 					continue;
952 				warn("recvmsg");
953 				continue;
954 			}
955 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
956 			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
957 			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
958 			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
959 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
960 				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
961 				tv = &now;
962 			}
963 #endif
964 			if (tv == NULL) {
965 				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
966 				tv = &now;
967 			}
968 			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
969 			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
970 			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
971 				break;
972 		}
973 		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
974 			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
975 				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
976 					*datap++ = i;
977 				datalen += sweepincr;
978 				if (datalen > sweepmax)
979 					break;
980 				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
981 				sntransmitted = 0;
982 			}
983 			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
984 				pinger();
985 			else {
986 				if (almost_done)
987 					break;
988 				almost_done = 1;
989 				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
990 				if (nreceived) {
991 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
992 					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
993 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
994 				} else {
995 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
996 					intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
997 				}
998 			}
999 			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
1000 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1001 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1002 				if (options & F_MISSED)
1003 					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1004 			}
1005 		}
1006 	}
1007 	finish();
1008 	/* NOTREACHED */
1009 	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
1010 }
1011 
1012 /*
1013  * stopit --
1014  *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1015  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1016  * to be called from a signal handler.
1017  */
1018 void
1019 stopit(int sig __unused)
1020 {
1021 
1022 	/*
1023 	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1024 	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1025 	 */
1026 	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1027 		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1028 	finish_up = 1;
1029 }
1030 
1031 /*
1032  * pinger --
1033  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1034  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1035  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1036  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1037  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1038  */
1039 static void
1040 pinger(void)
1041 {
1042 	struct timeval now;
1043 	struct tv32 tv32;
1044 	struct ip *ip;
1045 	struct icmp *icp;
1046 	int cc, i;
1047 	u_char *packet;
1048 
1049 	packet = outpack;
1050 	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1051 	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1052 	icp->icmp_code = 0;
1053 	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1054 	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1055 	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1056 
1057 	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1058 
1059 	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1060 		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1061 
1062 		tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1063 		tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1064 		if (options & F_TIME)
1065 			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1066 				* 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1067 		if (timing)
1068 			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1069 			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1070 			    sizeof(tv32));
1071 	}
1072 
1073 	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1074 
1075 	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1076 	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1077 
1078 	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1079 		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1080 		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1081 		ip->ip_len = cc;
1082 		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1083 		packet = outpackhdr;
1084 	}
1085 	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1086 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1087 		if (i < 0) {
1088 			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1089 				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1090 				return;
1091 			}
1092 			warn("sendto");
1093 		} else {
1094 			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1095 			     hostname, i, cc);
1096 		}
1097 	}
1098 	ntransmitted++;
1099 	sntransmitted++;
1100 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1101 		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1102 }
1103 
1104 /*
1105  * pr_pack --
1106  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1107  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1108  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1109  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1110  */
1111 static void
1112 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1113 {
1114 	struct in_addr ina;
1115 	u_char *cp, *dp;
1116 	struct icmp *icp;
1117 	struct ip *ip;
1118 	const void *tp;
1119 	double triptime;
1120 	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1121 	static int old_rrlen;
1122 	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1123 
1124 	/* Check the IP header */
1125 	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1126 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1127 	recv_len = cc;
1128 	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1129 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1130 			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1131 			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1132 		return;
1133 	}
1134 
1135 	/* Now the ICMP part */
1136 	cc -= hlen;
1137 	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1138 	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1139 		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1140 			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1141 		++nreceived;
1142 		triptime = 0.0;
1143 		if (timing) {
1144 			struct timeval tv1;
1145 			struct tv32 tv32;
1146 #ifndef icmp_data
1147 			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1148 #else
1149 			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1150 #endif
1151 			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1152 
1153 			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1154 			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1155 				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1156 				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1157 				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1158 				tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1159 				tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1160  				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1161  				    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1162 				tsum += triptime;
1163 				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1164 				if (triptime < tmin)
1165 					tmin = triptime;
1166 				if (triptime > tmax)
1167 					tmax = triptime;
1168 			} else
1169 				timing = 0;
1170 		}
1171 
1172 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1173 
1174 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1175 			++nrepeats;
1176 			--nreceived;
1177 			dupflag = 1;
1178 		} else {
1179 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1180 			dupflag = 0;
1181 		}
1182 
1183 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1184 			return;
1185 
1186 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1187 			++nrcvtimeout;
1188 			return;
1189 		}
1190 
1191 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1192 			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1193 		else {
1194 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1195 			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1196 			   seq);
1197 			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1198 			if (timing)
1199 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1200 			if (dupflag)
1201 				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1202 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1203 				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1204 			if (options & F_MASK) {
1205 				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1206 				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1207 					pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1208 			}
1209 			if (options & F_TIME) {
1210 				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1211 				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1212 				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1213 			}
1214 			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1215                         	(void)printf(
1216 				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1217 				     recv_len, send_len);
1218 			}
1219 			/* check the data */
1220 			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1221 			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1222 			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1223 			i = 0;
1224 			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1225 				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1226 				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1227 				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1228 				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1229 			}
1230 			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1231 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1232 	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1233 	    i, *dp, *cp);
1234 					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1235 					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1236 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1237 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1238 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1239 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1240 					}
1241 					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1242 					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1243 					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1244 						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1245 							(void)printf("\n\t");
1246 						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1247 					}
1248 					break;
1249 				}
1250 			}
1251 		}
1252 	} else {
1253 		/*
1254 		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1255 		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1256 		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1257 		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1258 		 *
1259 		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1260 		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1261 		 * available to those not running as root.
1262 		 */
1263 #ifndef icmp_data
1264 		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1265 #else
1266 		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1267 #endif
1268 		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1269 
1270 		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1271 		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1272 		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1273 		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1274 		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1275 		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1276 		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1277 			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1278 		    pr_icmph(icp);
1279 		} else
1280 		    return;
1281 	}
1282 
1283 	/* Display any IP options */
1284 	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1285 
1286 	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1287 		switch (*cp) {
1288 		case IPOPT_EOL:
1289 			hlen = 0;
1290 			break;
1291 		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1292 		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1293 			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1294 			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1295 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1296 			hlen -= 2;
1297 			cp += 2;
1298 			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1299 			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1300 				for (;;) {
1301 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1302 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1303 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1304 					else
1305 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1306 						     pr_addr(ina));
1307 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1308 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1309 					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1310 					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1311 						break;
1312 					(void)putchar('\n');
1313 				}
1314 			} else
1315 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1316 			break;
1317 		case IPOPT_RR:
1318 			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1319 			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1320 			hlen -= 2;
1321 			cp += 2;
1322 			if (i > j)
1323 				i = j;
1324 			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1325 			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1326 				old_rrlen = 0;
1327 				continue;
1328 			}
1329 			if (i == old_rrlen
1330 			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1331 			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1332 				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1333 				hlen -= i;
1334 				cp += i;
1335 				break;
1336 			}
1337 			old_rrlen = i;
1338 			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1339 			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1340 			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1341 			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1342 				for (;;) {
1343 					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1344 					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1345 						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1346 					else
1347 						(void)printf("\t%s",
1348 						     pr_addr(ina));
1349 					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1350 					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1351 					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1352 					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1353 						break;
1354 					(void)putchar('\n');
1355 				}
1356 			} else
1357 				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1358 			break;
1359 		case IPOPT_NOP:
1360 			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1361 			break;
1362 		default:
1363 			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1364 			break;
1365 		}
1366 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1367 		(void)putchar('\n');
1368 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1369 	}
1370 }
1371 
1372 /*
1373  * in_cksum --
1374  *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1375  */
1376 u_short
1377 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1378 {
1379 	int nleft, sum;
1380 	u_short *w;
1381 	union {
1382 		u_short	us;
1383 		u_char	uc[2];
1384 	} last;
1385 	u_short answer;
1386 
1387 	nleft = len;
1388 	sum = 0;
1389 	w = addr;
1390 
1391 	/*
1392 	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1393 	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1394 	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1395 	 */
1396 	while (nleft > 1)  {
1397 		sum += *w++;
1398 		nleft -= 2;
1399 	}
1400 
1401 	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1402 	if (nleft == 1) {
1403 		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1404 		last.uc[1] = 0;
1405 		sum += last.us;
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1409 	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1410 	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1411 	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1412 	return(answer);
1413 }
1414 
1415 /*
1416  * tvsub --
1417  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1418  * be >= in.
1419  */
1420 static void
1421 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1422 {
1423 
1424 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1425 		--out->tv_sec;
1426 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1427 	}
1428 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1429 }
1430 
1431 /*
1432  * status --
1433  *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1434  */
1435 
1436 static void
1437 status(int sig __unused)
1438 {
1439 
1440 	siginfo_p = 1;
1441 }
1442 
1443 static void
1444 check_status(void)
1445 {
1446 
1447 	if (siginfo_p) {
1448 		siginfo_p = 0;
1449 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1450 		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1451 		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1452 		if (nreceived && timing)
1453 			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1454 			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1455 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1456 	}
1457 }
1458 
1459 /*
1460  * finish --
1461  *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1462  */
1463 static void
1464 finish(void)
1465 {
1466 
1467 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1468 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1469 	(void)putchar('\n');
1470 	(void)fflush(stdout);
1471 	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1472 	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1473 	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1474 	if (nrepeats)
1475 		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1476 	if (ntransmitted) {
1477 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1478 			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1479 		else
1480 			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1481 			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1482 			    ntransmitted);
1483 	}
1484 	if (nrcvtimeout)
1485 		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1486 	(void)putchar('\n');
1487 	if (nreceived && timing) {
1488 		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1489 		double avg = tsum / n;
1490 		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1491 		(void)printf(
1492 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1493 		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1494 	}
1495 
1496 	if (nreceived)
1497 		exit(0);
1498 	else
1499 		exit(2);
1500 }
1501 
1502 #ifdef notdef
1503 static char *ttab[] = {
1504 	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1505 	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1506 	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1507 	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1508 	"Echo",
1509 	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1510 	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1511 	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1512 	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1513 	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1514 	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1515 };
1516 #endif
1517 
1518 /*
1519  * pr_icmph --
1520  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1521  */
1522 static void
1523 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1524 {
1525 
1526 	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1527 	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1528 		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1529 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1530 		break;
1531 	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1532 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1533 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1534 			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1535 			break;
1536 		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1537 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1538 			break;
1539 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1540 			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1541 			break;
1542 		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1543 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1544 			break;
1545 		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1546 			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1547 					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1548 			break;
1549 		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1550 			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1551 			break;
1552 		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1553 			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1554 			break;
1555 		default:
1556 			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1557 			    icp->icmp_code);
1558 			break;
1559 		}
1560 		/* Print returned IP header information */
1561 #ifndef icmp_data
1562 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1563 #else
1564 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1565 #endif
1566 		break;
1567 	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1568 		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1569 #ifndef icmp_data
1570 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1571 #else
1572 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1573 #endif
1574 		break;
1575 	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1576 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1577 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1578 			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1579 			break;
1580 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1581 			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1582 			break;
1583 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1584 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1585 			break;
1586 		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1587 			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1588 			break;
1589 		default:
1590 			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1591 			break;
1592 		}
1593 		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1594 #ifndef icmp_data
1595 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1596 #else
1597 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1598 #endif
1599 		break;
1600 	case ICMP_ECHO:
1601 		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1602 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1603 		break;
1604 	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1605 		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1606 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1607 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1608 			break;
1609 		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1610 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1611 			break;
1612 		default:
1613 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1614 			    icp->icmp_code);
1615 			break;
1616 		}
1617 #ifndef icmp_data
1618 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1619 #else
1620 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1621 #endif
1622 		break;
1623 	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1624 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1625 		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1626 #ifndef icmp_data
1627 		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1628 #else
1629 		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1630 #endif
1631 		break;
1632 	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1633 		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1634 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1635 		break;
1636 	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1637 		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1638 		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1639 		break;
1640 	case ICMP_IREQ:
1641 		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1642 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1643 		break;
1644 	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1645 		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1646 		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1647 		break;
1648 	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1649 		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1650 		break;
1651 	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1652 		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1653 		break;
1654 	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1655 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1656 		break;
1657 	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1658 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1659 		break;
1660 	default:
1661 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1662 	}
1663 }
1664 
1665 /*
1666  * pr_iph --
1667  *	Print an IP header with options.
1668  */
1669 static void
1670 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1671 {
1672 	u_char *cp;
1673 	int hlen;
1674 
1675 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1676 	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1677 
1678 	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1679 	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1680 	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1681 	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1682 	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1683 	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1684 	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1685 	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1686 							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1687 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1688 	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1689 	/* dump any option bytes */
1690 	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1691 		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1692 	}
1693 	(void)putchar('\n');
1694 }
1695 
1696 /*
1697  * pr_addr --
1698  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1699  * a hostname.
1700  */
1701 static char *
1702 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1703 {
1704 	struct hostent *hp;
1705 	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1706 
1707 	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1708 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1709 
1710 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1711 	if (capdns != NULL)
1712 		hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1713 	else
1714 #endif
1715 		hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1716 
1717 	if (hp == NULL)
1718 		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1719 
1720 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1721 	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1722 	return(buf);
1723 }
1724 
1725 /*
1726  * pr_retip --
1727  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1728  */
1729 static void
1730 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1731 {
1732 	u_char *cp;
1733 	int hlen;
1734 
1735 	pr_iph(ip);
1736 	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1737 	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1738 
1739 	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1740 		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1741 		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1742 	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1743 		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1744 			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1745 }
1746 
1747 static char *
1748 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1749 {
1750 	static char buf[10];
1751 	int hour, min, sec;
1752 
1753 	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1754 	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1755 	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1756 	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1757 
1758 	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1759 
1760 	return (buf);
1761 }
1762 
1763 static void
1764 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1765 {
1766 	char *cp;
1767 	int pat[16];
1768 	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1769 
1770 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1771 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1772 			errx(EX_USAGE,
1773 			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1774 
1775 	}
1776 	ii = sscanf(patp,
1777 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1778 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1779 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1780 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1781 
1782 	if (ii > 0)
1783 		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1784 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1785 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1786 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1787 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1788 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1789 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1790 		(void)printf("\n");
1791 	}
1792 }
1793 
1794 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1795 static cap_channel_t *
1796 capdns_setup(void)
1797 {
1798 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1799 	const char *types[2];
1800 	int families[1];
1801 
1802 	capcas = cap_init();
1803 	if (capcas == NULL) {
1804 		warn("unable to contact casperd");
1805 		return (NULL);
1806 	}
1807 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1808 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1809 	cap_close(capcas);
1810 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1811 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1812 	types[0] = "NAME";
1813 	types[1] = "ADDR";
1814 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1815 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1816 	families[0] = AF_INET;
1817 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1818 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1819 
1820 	return (capdnsloc);
1821 }
1822 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM */
1823 
1824 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1825 #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1826 #else
1827 #define	SECOPT		""
1828 #endif
1829 static void
1830 usage(void)
1831 {
1832 
1833 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1834 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1835 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1836 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1837 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1838 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1839 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1840 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1841 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1842 	exit(EX_USAGE);
1843 }
1844