1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static const char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 #if 0 45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 46 #endif 47 static const char rcsid[] = 48 "$Id$"; 49 #endif /* not lint */ 50 51 /* 52 * P I N G . C 53 * 54 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 55 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 56 * 57 * Author - 58 * Mike Muuss 59 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 60 * December, 1983 61 * 62 * Status - 63 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 64 * Bugs - 65 * More statistics could always be gathered. 66 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 67 */ 68 69 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */ 70 71 #include <ctype.h> 72 #include <err.h> 73 #include <errno.h> 74 #include <math.h> 75 #include <netdb.h> 76 #include <signal.h> 77 #include <stdio.h> 78 #include <stdlib.h> 79 #include <string.h> 80 #include <sysexits.h> 81 #include <termios.h> 82 #include <unistd.h> 83 84 #include <sys/socket.h> 85 #include <sys/time.h> 86 #include <sys/uio.h> 87 88 #include <netinet/in.h> 89 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 90 #include <netinet/ip.h> 91 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 92 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 93 #include <arpa/inet.h> 94 95 #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) 96 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - PHDR_LEN) /* default data length */ 97 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */ 98 /* runs out of buffer space */ 99 #define MAXIPLEN 60 100 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 101 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 102 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 103 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 104 105 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 106 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 107 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 108 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 109 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 110 111 /* various options */ 112 int options; 113 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 114 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 115 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 116 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 117 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 118 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 119 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 120 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 121 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 122 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 123 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 124 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 125 #define F_MIF 0x1000 126 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 127 128 /* 129 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 130 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 131 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 132 */ 133 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 134 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 135 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 136 137 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 138 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 139 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 140 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 141 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 142 char DOT = '.'; 143 char *hostname; 144 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 145 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */ 146 147 /* counters */ 148 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 149 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 150 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 151 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 152 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 153 154 /* timing */ 155 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 156 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 157 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 158 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 159 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ 160 161 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */ 162 int reset_kerninfo; 163 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; 164 165 static void fill(char *, char *); 166 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int); 167 static void check_status(void); 168 static void finish(void) __dead2; 169 static void pinger(void); 170 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr); 171 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); 172 static void pr_iph(struct ip *); 173 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *); 174 static void pr_retip(struct ip *); 175 static void status(int); 176 static void stopit(int); 177 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); 178 static void usage(void) __dead2; 179 180 int 181 main(argc, argv) 182 int argc; 183 char *const *argv; 184 { 185 struct timeval last, intvl; 186 struct hostent *hp; 187 struct sockaddr_in *to; 188 struct termios ts; 189 register int i; 190 int ch, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0; 191 struct in_addr ifaddr; 192 unsigned char ttl, loop; 193 u_char *datap, *packet; 194 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 195 char *ep; 196 u_long ultmp; 197 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 198 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 199 #endif 200 struct sigaction si_sa; 201 struct iovec iov; 202 struct msghdr msg; 203 struct sockaddr_in from; 204 char ctrl[sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 205 206 /* 207 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and 208 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for 209 * after arg parsing. 210 */ 211 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); 212 sockerrno = errno; 213 214 setuid(getuid()); 215 uid = getuid(); 216 217 preload = 0; 218 219 datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; 220 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRT:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:v")) != -1) { 221 switch(ch) { 222 case 'a': 223 options |= F_AUDIBLE; 224 break; 225 case 'c': 226 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 227 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp) 228 errx(EX_USAGE, 229 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'", 230 optarg); 231 npackets = ultmp; 232 break; 233 case 'd': 234 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 235 break; 236 case 'f': 237 if (getuid()) { 238 errno = EPERM; 239 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag"); 240 } 241 options |= F_FLOOD; 242 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 243 break; 244 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 245 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 246 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) 247 errx(EX_USAGE, 248 "invalid timing interval: `%s'", optarg); 249 options |= F_INTERVAL; 250 interval = ultmp; 251 break; 252 case 'I': /* multicast interface */ 253 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 254 errx(EX_USAGE, 255 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'", 256 optarg); 257 options |= F_MIF; 258 break; 259 case 'l': 260 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 261 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) 262 errx(EX_USAGE, 263 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg); 264 if (getuid()) { 265 errno = EPERM; 266 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag"); 267 } 268 options |= F_FLOOD; 269 preload = ultmp; 270 break; 271 case 'L': 272 options |= F_NOLOOP; 273 loop = 0; 274 break; 275 case 'n': 276 options |= F_NUMERIC; 277 break; 278 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 279 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 280 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 281 break; 282 case 'Q': 283 options |= F_QUIET2; 284 break; 285 case 'q': 286 options |= F_QUIET; 287 break; 288 case 'R': 289 options |= F_RROUTE; 290 break; 291 case 'r': 292 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 293 break; 294 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 295 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 296 if (ultmp > MAXPACKET) 297 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu", 298 ultmp); 299 if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp) 300 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", 301 optarg); 302 datalen = ultmp; 303 break; 304 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ 305 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 306 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255) 307 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'", 308 optarg); 309 ttl = ultmp; 310 options |= F_MTTL; 311 break; 312 case 'v': 313 options |= F_VERBOSE; 314 break; 315 default: 316 usage(); 317 } 318 } 319 320 if (argc - optind != 1) 321 usage(); 322 target = argv[optind]; 323 324 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 325 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 326 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 327 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) { 328 hostname = target; 329 } else { 330 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET); 331 if (!hp) 332 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", 333 target, hstrerror(h_errno)); 334 335 to->sin_len = sizeof *to; 336 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr)) 337 errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address"); 338 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr); 339 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 340 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; 341 hostname = hnamebuf; 342 } 343 344 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 345 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options"); 346 347 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 348 errx(EX_USAGE, 349 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination"); 350 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL) 351 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 352 errx(EX_USAGE, 353 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination"); 354 355 if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time transfer */ 356 timing = 1; 357 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 358 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen))) 359 err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc"); 360 361 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 362 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i) 363 *datap++ = i; 364 365 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 366 367 if (s < 0) { 368 errno = sockerrno; 369 err(EX_OSERR, "socket"); 370 } 371 hold = 1; 372 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 373 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 374 sizeof(hold)); 375 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 376 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 377 sizeof(hold)); 378 379 /* record route option */ 380 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 381 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 382 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace)); 383 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 384 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1; 385 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 386 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL; 387 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 388 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) 389 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS"); 390 #else 391 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, 392 "record route not available in this implementation"); 393 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 394 } 395 396 if (options & F_NOLOOP) { 397 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 398 sizeof(loop)) < 0) { 399 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 400 } 401 } 402 if (options & F_MTTL) { 403 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 404 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { 405 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 406 } 407 } 408 if (options & F_MIF) { 409 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 410 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { 411 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 412 } 413 } 414 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 415 { int on = 1; 416 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) 417 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP"); 418 } 419 #endif 420 421 /* 422 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 423 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 424 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 425 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast 426 * or multicast pings if they wish. 427 */ 428 hold = 48 * 1024; 429 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 430 sizeof(hold)); 431 432 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 433 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 434 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr), 435 datalen); 436 else 437 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 438 439 /* 440 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics, 441 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set. 442 */ 443 444 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 445 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 446 447 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; 448 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 449 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT"); 450 } 451 452 si_sa.sa_handler = status; 453 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 454 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction"); 455 } 456 457 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg)); 458 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from; 459 msg.msg_iov = &iov; 460 msg.msg_iovlen = 1; 461 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 462 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl; 463 #endif 464 iov.iov_base = packet; 465 iov.iov_len = packlen; 466 467 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 468 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 469 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 470 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 471 } 472 473 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 474 pinger(); 475 476 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 477 intvl.tv_sec = 0; 478 intvl.tv_usec = 10000; 479 } else { 480 intvl.tv_sec = interval; 481 intvl.tv_usec = 0; 482 } 483 484 pinger(); /* send the first ping */ 485 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); 486 487 while (!finish_up) { 488 register int cc; 489 int n; 490 struct timeval timeout, now; 491 fd_set rfds; 492 493 check_status(); 494 FD_ZERO(&rfds); 495 FD_SET(s, &rfds); 496 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); 497 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec; 498 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec; 499 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) { 500 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000; 501 timeout.tv_sec--; 502 } 503 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) { 504 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000; 505 timeout.tv_sec++; 506 } 507 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0) 508 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0; 509 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout); 510 if (n == 1) { 511 struct timeval *t = 0; 512 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 513 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl; 514 515 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl); 516 #endif 517 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from); 518 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) { 519 if (errno == EINTR) 520 continue; 521 warn("recvmsg"); 522 continue; 523 } 524 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP 525 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && 526 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP && 527 cmsg->cmsg_len == (sizeof *cmsg + sizeof *t)) { 528 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */ 529 memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now)); 530 t = &now; 531 } 532 #endif 533 if (t == 0) { 534 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); 535 t = &now; 536 } 537 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t); 538 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 539 break; 540 } 541 if (n == 0) { 542 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 543 pinger(); 544 else { 545 if (almost_done) 546 break; 547 almost_done = 1; 548 if (nreceived) { 549 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; 550 if (!intvl.tv_sec) 551 intvl.tv_sec = 1; 552 } else 553 intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT; 554 } 555 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); 556 } 557 } 558 finish(); 559 /* NOTREACHED */ 560 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 561 } 562 563 /* 564 * stopit -- 565 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit. 566 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much 567 * to be called from a signal handler. 568 */ 569 void 570 stopit(sig) 571 int sig; 572 { 573 finish_up = 1; 574 } 575 576 /* 577 * pinger -- 578 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 579 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 580 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 581 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host 582 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 583 */ 584 static void 585 pinger(void) 586 { 587 register struct icmp *icp; 588 register int cc; 589 int i; 590 591 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 592 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 593 icp->icmp_code = 0; 594 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 595 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted; 596 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 597 598 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 599 600 if (timing) 601 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 602 (struct timezone *)NULL); 603 604 cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN; /* skips ICMP portion */ 605 606 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 607 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 608 609 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 610 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 611 612 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 613 if (i < 0) { 614 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) { 615 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF); 616 return; 617 } 618 warn("sendto"); 619 } else { 620 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes", 621 hostname, i, cc); 622 } 623 } 624 ntransmitted++; 625 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 626 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 627 } 628 629 /* 630 * pr_pack -- 631 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 632 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 633 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 634 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 635 */ 636 static void 637 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv) 638 char *buf; 639 int cc; 640 struct sockaddr_in *from; 641 struct timeval *tv; 642 { 643 register struct icmp *icp; 644 register u_long l; 645 register int i, j; 646 register u_char *cp,*dp; 647 static int old_rrlen; 648 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 649 struct ip *ip; 650 struct timeval *tp; 651 double triptime; 652 int hlen, dupflag; 653 654 /* Check the IP header */ 655 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 656 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 657 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 658 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 659 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 660 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); 661 return; 662 } 663 664 /* Now the ICMP part */ 665 cc -= hlen; 666 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 667 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 668 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 669 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 670 ++nreceived; 671 triptime = 0.0; 672 if (timing) { 673 struct timeval tv1; 674 #ifndef icmp_data 675 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 676 #else 677 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 678 #endif 679 /* Avoid unaligned data: */ 680 memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1)); 681 tvsub(tv, &tv1); 682 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 683 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0; 684 tsum += triptime; 685 tsumsq += triptime * triptime; 686 if (triptime < tmin) 687 tmin = triptime; 688 if (triptime > tmax) 689 tmax = triptime; 690 } 691 692 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 693 ++nrepeats; 694 --nreceived; 695 dupflag = 1; 696 } else { 697 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 698 dupflag = 0; 699 } 700 701 if (options & F_QUIET) 702 return; 703 704 if (options & F_FLOOD) 705 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 706 else { 707 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 708 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 709 icp->icmp_seq); 710 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 711 if (timing) 712 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 713 if (dupflag) 714 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 715 if (options & F_AUDIBLE) 716 (void)printf("\a"); 717 /* check the data */ 718 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN]; 719 dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; 720 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 721 if (*cp != *dp) { 722 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 723 i, *dp, *cp); 724 printf("\ncp:"); 725 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 726 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 727 if ((i % 32) == 8) 728 (void)printf("\n\t"); 729 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 730 } 731 printf("\ndp:"); 732 cp = &outpack[8]; 733 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 734 if ((i % 32) == 8) 735 (void)printf("\n\t"); 736 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 737 } 738 break; 739 } 740 } 741 } 742 } else { 743 /* 744 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. 745 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. 746 * We can compare IP destination, protocol, 747 * and ICMP type and ID. 748 * 749 * Only print all the error messages if we are running 750 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally 751 * available to those not running as root. 752 */ 753 #ifndef icmp_data 754 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; 755 #else 756 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; 757 #endif 758 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); 759 760 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) || 761 (!(options & F_QUIET2) && 762 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == 763 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && 764 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && 765 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && 766 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { 767 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 768 pr_addr(from->sin_addr)); 769 pr_icmph(icp); 770 } else 771 return; 772 } 773 774 /* Display any IP options */ 775 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 776 777 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 778 switch (*cp) { 779 case IPOPT_EOL: 780 hlen = 0; 781 break; 782 case IPOPT_LSRR: 783 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 784 hlen -= 2; 785 j = *++cp; 786 ++cp; 787 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 788 for (;;) { 789 l = *++cp; 790 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 791 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 792 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 793 if (l == 0) { 794 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 795 } else { 796 struct in_addr ina; 797 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 798 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 799 } 800 hlen -= 4; 801 j -= 4; 802 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 803 break; 804 (void)putchar('\n'); 805 } 806 break; 807 case IPOPT_RR: 808 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 809 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 810 hlen -= 2; 811 if (i > j) 812 i = j; 813 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 814 if (i <= 0) 815 continue; 816 if (i == old_rrlen 817 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 818 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 819 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 820 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 821 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 822 hlen -= i; 823 cp += i; 824 break; 825 } 826 if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) { 827 old_rrlen = i; 828 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 829 } else 830 old_rrlen = 0; 831 832 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 833 j = 0; 834 for (;;) { 835 l = *++cp; 836 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 837 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 838 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 839 if (l == 0) { 840 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 841 } else { 842 struct in_addr ina; 843 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 844 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 845 } 846 hlen -= 4; 847 i -= 4; 848 j += 4; 849 if (i <= 0) 850 break; 851 if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { 852 (void) printf("\t(truncated route)"); 853 break; 854 } 855 (void)putchar('\n'); 856 } 857 break; 858 case IPOPT_NOP: 859 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 860 break; 861 default: 862 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 863 break; 864 } 865 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 866 (void)putchar('\n'); 867 (void)fflush(stdout); 868 } 869 } 870 871 /* 872 * in_cksum -- 873 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 874 */ 875 u_short 876 in_cksum(addr, len) 877 u_short *addr; 878 int len; 879 { 880 register int nleft = len; 881 register u_short *w = addr; 882 register int sum = 0; 883 u_short answer = 0; 884 885 /* 886 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 887 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 888 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 889 */ 890 while (nleft > 1) { 891 sum += *w++; 892 nleft -= 2; 893 } 894 895 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 896 if (nleft == 1) { 897 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 898 sum += answer; 899 } 900 901 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 902 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 903 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 904 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 905 return(answer); 906 } 907 908 /* 909 * tvsub -- 910 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 911 * be >= in. 912 */ 913 static void 914 tvsub(out, in) 915 register struct timeval *out, *in; 916 { 917 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 918 --out->tv_sec; 919 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 920 } 921 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 922 } 923 924 /* 925 * status -- 926 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. 927 */ 928 929 static void 930 status(sig) 931 int sig; 932 { 933 siginfo_p = 1; 934 } 935 936 static void 937 check_status() 938 { 939 if (siginfo_p) { 940 siginfo_p = 0; 941 (void)fprintf(stderr, 942 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", 943 nreceived, ntransmitted, 944 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, 945 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, 946 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, 947 tmax); 948 } 949 } 950 951 /* 952 * finish -- 953 * Print out statistics, and give up. 954 */ 955 static void 956 finish() 957 { 958 struct termios ts; 959 960 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 961 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); 962 (void)putchar('\n'); 963 (void)fflush(stdout); 964 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 965 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 966 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 967 if (nrepeats) 968 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 969 if (ntransmitted) 970 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 971 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 972 else 973 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 974 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 975 ntransmitted)); 976 (void)putchar('\n'); 977 if (nreceived && timing) { 978 double n = nreceived + nrepeats; 979 double avg = tsum / n; 980 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg; 981 printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = " 982 "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 983 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari)); 984 } 985 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 986 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 987 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 988 } 989 990 if (nreceived) 991 exit(0); 992 else 993 exit(2); 994 } 995 996 #ifdef notdef 997 static char *ttab[] = { 998 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 999 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 1000 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 1001 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 1002 "Echo", 1003 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 1004 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 1005 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 1006 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 1007 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 1008 "Info Reply" /* " */ 1009 }; 1010 #endif 1011 1012 /* 1013 * pr_icmph -- 1014 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 1015 */ 1016 static void 1017 pr_icmph(icp) 1018 struct icmp *icp; 1019 { 1020 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 1021 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 1022 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 1023 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 1024 break; 1025 case ICMP_UNREACH: 1026 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1027 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 1028 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 1029 break; 1030 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 1031 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 1032 break; 1033 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 1034 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 1035 break; 1036 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 1037 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 1038 break; 1039 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 1040 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", 1041 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); 1042 break; 1043 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 1044 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 1045 break; 1046 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: 1047 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); 1048 break; 1049 default: 1050 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 1051 icp->icmp_code); 1052 break; 1053 } 1054 /* Print returned IP header information */ 1055 #ifndef icmp_data 1056 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1057 #else 1058 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1059 #endif 1060 break; 1061 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 1062 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 1063 #ifndef icmp_data 1064 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1065 #else 1066 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1067 #endif 1068 break; 1069 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 1070 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1071 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 1072 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 1073 break; 1074 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 1075 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 1076 break; 1077 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 1078 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 1079 break; 1080 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 1081 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 1082 break; 1083 default: 1084 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 1085 break; 1086 } 1087 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); 1088 #ifndef icmp_data 1089 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1090 #else 1091 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1092 #endif 1093 break; 1094 case ICMP_ECHO: 1095 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 1096 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 1097 break; 1098 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 1099 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1100 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 1101 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 1102 break; 1103 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 1104 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 1105 break; 1106 default: 1107 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 1108 icp->icmp_code); 1109 break; 1110 } 1111 #ifndef icmp_data 1112 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1113 #else 1114 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1115 #endif 1116 break; 1117 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 1118 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 1119 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 1120 #ifndef icmp_data 1121 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1122 #else 1123 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1124 #endif 1125 break; 1126 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 1127 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 1128 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1129 break; 1130 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 1131 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 1132 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1133 break; 1134 case ICMP_IREQ: 1135 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 1136 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1137 break; 1138 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1139 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 1140 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1141 break; 1142 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1143 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 1144 break; 1145 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1146 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 1147 break; 1148 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1149 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); 1150 break; 1151 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1152 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); 1153 break; 1154 default: 1155 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 1156 } 1157 } 1158 1159 /* 1160 * pr_iph -- 1161 * Print an IP header with options. 1162 */ 1163 static void 1164 pr_iph(ip) 1165 struct ip *ip; 1166 { 1167 int hlen; 1168 u_char *cp; 1169 1170 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1171 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 1172 1173 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1174 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1175 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), 1176 ntohs(ip->ip_id)); 1177 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx", 1178 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 1179 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 1180 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, 1181 ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); 1182 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1183 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1184 /* dump any option bytes */ 1185 while (hlen-- > 20) { 1186 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1187 } 1188 (void)putchar('\n'); 1189 } 1190 1191 /* 1192 * pr_addr -- 1193 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 1194 * a hostname. 1195 */ 1196 static char * 1197 pr_addr(ina) 1198 struct in_addr ina; 1199 { 1200 struct hostent *hp; 1201 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 1202 1203 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 1204 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET))) 1205 return inet_ntoa(ina); 1206 else 1207 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1208 inet_ntoa(ina)); 1209 return(buf); 1210 } 1211 1212 /* 1213 * pr_retip -- 1214 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1215 */ 1216 static void 1217 pr_retip(ip) 1218 struct ip *ip; 1219 { 1220 int hlen; 1221 u_char *cp; 1222 1223 pr_iph(ip); 1224 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1225 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 1226 1227 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 1228 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1229 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1230 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 1231 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1232 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1233 } 1234 1235 static void 1236 fill(bp, patp) 1237 char *bp, *patp; 1238 { 1239 register int ii, jj, kk; 1240 int pat[16]; 1241 char *cp; 1242 1243 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) { 1244 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 1245 errx(EX_USAGE, 1246 "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 1247 1248 } 1249 ii = sscanf(patp, 1250 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1251 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1252 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1253 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1254 1255 if (ii > 0) 1256 for (kk = 0; 1257 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii); 1258 kk += ii) 1259 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1260 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1261 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1262 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1263 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1264 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1265 (void)printf("\n"); 1266 } 1267 } 1268 1269 static void 1270 usage() 1271 { 1272 fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n", 1273 "usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern]", 1274 " [-s packetsize] [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]"); 1275 exit(EX_USAGE); 1276 } 1277