xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping.c (revision 0e97acdf58fe27b09c4824a474b0344daf997c5f)
1  /*
2   * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3   *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4   *
5   * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6   * Mike Muuss.
7   *
8   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9   * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10   * are met:
11   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14   *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15   *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16   * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17   *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18   *    without specific prior written permission.
19   *
20   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21   * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22   * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23   * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24   * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25   * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26   * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27   * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28   * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29   * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30   * SUCH DAMAGE.
31   */
32  
33  #if 0
34  #ifndef lint
35  static const char copyright[] =
36  "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
37  	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38  #endif /* not lint */
39  
40  #ifndef lint
41  static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
42  #endif /* not lint */
43  #endif
44  #include <sys/cdefs.h>
45  __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
46  
47  /*
48   *			P I N G . C
49   *
50   * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
51   * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
52   *
53   * Author -
54   *	Mike Muuss
55   *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
56   *	December, 1983
57   *
58   * Status -
59   *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
60   * Bugs -
61   *	More statistics could always be gathered.
62   *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
63   */
64  
65  #include <sys/param.h>		/* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
66  #include <sys/capsicum.h>
67  #include <sys/socket.h>
68  #include <sys/sysctl.h>
69  #include <sys/time.h>
70  #include <sys/uio.h>
71  
72  #include <netinet/in.h>
73  #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
74  #include <netinet/ip.h>
75  #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
76  #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
77  #include <arpa/inet.h>
78  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
79  #include <libcapsicum.h>
80  #include <libcapsicum_dns.h>
81  #include <libcapsicum_service.h>
82  #endif
83  
84  #ifdef IPSEC
85  #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86  #endif /*IPSEC*/
87  
88  #include <ctype.h>
89  #include <err.h>
90  #include <errno.h>
91  #include <math.h>
92  #include <netdb.h>
93  #include <signal.h>
94  #include <stdio.h>
95  #include <stdlib.h>
96  #include <string.h>
97  #include <sysexits.h>
98  #include <unistd.h>
99  
100  #define	INADDR_LEN	((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
101  #define	TIMEVAL_LEN	((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
102  #define	MASK_LEN	(ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
103  #define	TS_LEN		(ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
104  #define	DEFDATALEN	56		/* default data length */
105  #define	FLOOD_BACKOFF	20000		/* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
106  					/* runs out of buffer space */
107  #define	MAXIPLEN	(sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
108  #define	MAXICMPLEN	(ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
109  #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
110  #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
111  #define	MAXTOS		255
112  
113  #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
114  #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
115  #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
116  #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
117  #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
118  
119  struct tv32 {
120  	int32_t tv32_sec;
121  	int32_t tv32_usec;
122  };
123  
124  /* various options */
125  static int options;
126  #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
127  #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
128  #define	F_NUMERIC	0x0004
129  #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
130  #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
131  #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
132  #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
133  #define	F_SO_DONTROUTE	0x0080
134  #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
135  #define	F_QUIET2	0x0200
136  #define	F_NOLOOP	0x0400
137  #define	F_MTTL		0x0800
138  #define	F_MIF		0x1000
139  #define	F_AUDIBLE	0x2000
140  #ifdef IPSEC
141  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
142  #define F_POLICY	0x4000
143  #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
144  #endif /*IPSEC*/
145  #define	F_TTL		0x8000
146  #define	F_MISSED	0x10000
147  #define	F_ONCE		0x20000
148  #define	F_HDRINCL	0x40000
149  #define	F_MASK		0x80000
150  #define	F_TIME		0x100000
151  #define	F_SWEEP		0x200000
152  #define	F_WAITTIME	0x400000
153  
154  /*
155   * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
156   * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
157   * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
158   */
159  #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 128)
160  static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
161  static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
162  
163  static struct sockaddr_in whereto;	/* who to ping */
164  static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
165  static int maxpayload;
166  static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
167  static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
168  static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
169  static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
170  static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
171  static char DOT = '.';
172  static char *hostname;
173  static char *shostname;
174  static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
175  static int uid;			/* cached uid for micro-optimization */
176  static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
177  static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
178  static int phdr_len = 0;
179  static int send_len;
180  
181  /* counters */
182  static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
183  static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
184  static long nreceived;		/* # of packets we got back */
185  static long nrepeats;		/* number of duplicates */
186  static long ntransmitted;	/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
187  static long snpackets;			/* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
188  static long sntransmitted;	/* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
189  static int sweepmax;		/* max value of payload in sweep */
190  static int sweepmin = 0;	/* start value of payload in sweep */
191  static int sweepincr = 1;	/* payload increment in sweep */
192  static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets, ms */
193  static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
194  static long nrcvtimeout = 0;	/* # of packets we got back after waittime */
195  
196  /* timing */
197  static int timing;		/* flag to do timing */
198  static double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
199  static double tmax = 0.0;	/* maximum round trip time */
200  static double tsum = 0.0;	/* sum of all times, for doing average */
201  static double tsumsq = 0.0;	/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
202  
203  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
204  static volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;
205  static volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
206  
207  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
208  static cap_channel_t *capdns;
209  #endif
210  
211  static void fill(char *, char *);
212  static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
213  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
214  static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
215  #endif
216  static void check_status(void);
217  static void finish(void) __dead2;
218  static void pinger(void);
219  static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
220  static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
221  static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
222  static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
223  static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
224  static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
225  static void status(int);
226  static void stopit(int);
227  static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
228  static void usage(void) __dead2;
229  
230  int
231  main(int argc, char *const *argv)
232  {
233  	struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
234  	struct in_addr ifaddr;
235  	struct timeval last, intvl;
236  	struct iovec iov;
237  	struct ip *ip;
238  	struct msghdr msg;
239  	struct sigaction si_sa;
240  	size_t sz;
241  	u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
242  	char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
243  	struct hostent *hp;
244  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
245  	char *policy_in, *policy_out;
246  #endif
247  	struct sockaddr_in *to;
248  	double t;
249  	u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
250  	int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
251  	int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
252  	char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
253  	char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
254  #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
255  	char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];	/* record route space */
256  #endif
257  	unsigned char loop, mttl;
258  
259  	payload = source = NULL;
260  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
261  	policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
262  #endif
263  	cap_rights_t rights;
264  	bool cansandbox;
265  
266  	/*
267  	 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
268  	 * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
269  	 * after arg parsing.
270  	 *
271  	 * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
272  	 * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
273  	 * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
274  	 * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
275  	 * from different addresses, not from the address we
276  	 * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
277  	 * packets.
278  	 */
279  	ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
280  	ssend_errno = errno;
281  	srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
282  	srecv_errno = errno;
283  
284  	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
285  		err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
286  	uid = getuid();
287  
288  	alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
289  
290  	outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
291  	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
292  		"Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
293  #ifdef IPSEC
294  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
295  		"P:"
296  #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
297  #endif /*IPSEC*/
298  		)) != -1)
299  	{
300  		switch(ch) {
301  		case 'A':
302  			options |= F_MISSED;
303  			break;
304  		case 'a':
305  			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
306  			break;
307  		case 'c':
308  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
309  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
310  				errx(EX_USAGE,
311  				    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
312  				    optarg);
313  			npackets = ultmp;
314  			break;
315  		case 'D':
316  			options |= F_HDRINCL;
317  			df = 1;
318  			break;
319  		case 'd':
320  			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
321  			break;
322  		case 'f':
323  			if (uid) {
324  				errno = EPERM;
325  				err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
326  			}
327  			options |= F_FLOOD;
328  			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
329  			break;
330  		case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
331  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
332  			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
333  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
334  				    optarg);
335  			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
336  				errno = EPERM;
337  				err(EX_NOPERM,
338  				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
339  				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
340  			}
341  			options |= F_SWEEP;
342  			sweepmax = ultmp;
343  			break;
344  		case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
345  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
346  			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
347  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
348  				    optarg);
349  			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
350  				errno = EPERM;
351  				err(EX_NOPERM,
352  				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
353  				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
354  			}
355  			options |= F_SWEEP;
356  			sweepmin = ultmp;
357  			break;
358  		case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
359  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
360  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
361  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
362  				    optarg);
363  			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
364  				errno = EPERM;
365  				err(EX_NOPERM,
366  				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
367  				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
368  			}
369  			options |= F_SWEEP;
370  			sweepincr = ultmp;
371  			break;
372  		case 'I':		/* multicast interface */
373  			if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
374  				errx(EX_USAGE,
375  				    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
376  				    optarg);
377  			options |= F_MIF;
378  			break;
379  		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
380  			t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
381  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
382  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
383  				    optarg);
384  			options |= F_INTERVAL;
385  			interval = (int)t;
386  			if (uid && interval < 1000) {
387  				errno = EPERM;
388  				err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
389  			}
390  			break;
391  		case 'L':
392  			options |= F_NOLOOP;
393  			loop = 0;
394  			break;
395  		case 'l':
396  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
397  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
398  				errx(EX_USAGE,
399  				    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
400  			if (uid) {
401  				errno = EPERM;
402  				err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
403  			}
404  			preload = ultmp;
405  			break;
406  		case 'M':
407  			switch(optarg[0]) {
408  			case 'M':
409  			case 'm':
410  				options |= F_MASK;
411  				break;
412  			case 'T':
413  			case 't':
414  				options |= F_TIME;
415  				break;
416  			default:
417  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
418  				break;
419  			}
420  			break;
421  		case 'm':		/* TTL */
422  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
423  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
424  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
425  			ttl = ultmp;
426  			options |= F_TTL;
427  			break;
428  		case 'n':
429  			options |= F_NUMERIC;
430  			break;
431  		case 'o':
432  			options |= F_ONCE;
433  			break;
434  #ifdef IPSEC
435  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
436  		case 'P':
437  			options |= F_POLICY;
438  			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
439  				policy_in = strdup(optarg);
440  			else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
441  				policy_out = strdup(optarg);
442  			else
443  				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
444  			break;
445  #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
446  #endif /*IPSEC*/
447  		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
448  			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
449  			payload = optarg;
450  			break;
451  		case 'Q':
452  			options |= F_QUIET2;
453  			break;
454  		case 'q':
455  			options |= F_QUIET;
456  			break;
457  		case 'R':
458  			options |= F_RROUTE;
459  			break;
460  		case 'r':
461  			options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
462  			break;
463  		case 'S':
464  			source = optarg;
465  			break;
466  		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
467  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
468  			if (*ep || ep == optarg)
469  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
470  				    optarg);
471  			if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
472  				errno = EPERM;
473  				err(EX_NOPERM,
474  				    "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
475  				    ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
476  			}
477  			datalen = ultmp;
478  			break;
479  		case 'T':		/* multicast TTL */
480  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
481  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
482  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
483  				    optarg);
484  			mttl = ultmp;
485  			options |= F_MTTL;
486  			break;
487  		case 't':
488  			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
489  			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
490  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
491  				    optarg);
492  			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
493  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
494  				    optarg, MAXALARM);
495  			alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
496  			break;
497  		case 'v':
498  			options |= F_VERBOSE;
499  			break;
500  		case 'W':		/* wait ms for answer */
501  			t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
502  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
503  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
504  				    optarg);
505  			options |= F_WAITTIME;
506  			waittime = (int)t;
507  			break;
508  		case 'z':
509  			options |= F_HDRINCL;
510  			ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
511  			if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
512  				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
513  			tos = ultmp;
514  			break;
515  		default:
516  			usage();
517  		}
518  	}
519  
520  	if (argc - optind != 1)
521  		usage();
522  	target = argv[optind];
523  
524  	switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
525  	case 0: break;
526  	case F_MASK:
527  		icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
528  		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
529  		phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
530  		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
531  			(void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
532  		break;
533  	case F_TIME:
534  		icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
535  		icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
536  		phdr_len = TS_LEN;
537  		if (!(options & F_QUIET))
538  			(void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
539  		break;
540  	default:
541  		errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
542  		break;
543  	}
544  	icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
545  	if (options & F_RROUTE)
546  		icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
547  	maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
548  	if (datalen > maxpayload)
549  		errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
550  		    maxpayload);
551  	send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
552  	datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
553  	if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
554  		fill((char *)datap, payload);
555  	}
556  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
557  	capdns = capdns_setup();
558  #endif
559  	if (source) {
560  		bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
561  		sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
562  		if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
563  			shostname = source;
564  		} else {
565  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
566  			if (capdns != NULL)
567  				hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
568  				    AF_INET);
569  			else
570  #endif
571  				hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
572  			if (!hp)
573  				errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
574  				    source, hstrerror(h_errno));
575  
576  			sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
577  			if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
578  			    hp->h_length < 0)
579  				errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
580  			memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
581  			    sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
582  			(void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
583  			    sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
584  			snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
585  			shostname = snamebuf;
586  		}
587  		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
588  		    -1)
589  			err(1, "bind");
590  	}
591  
592  	bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
593  	to = &whereto;
594  	to->sin_family = AF_INET;
595  	to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
596  	if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
597  		hostname = target;
598  	} else {
599  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
600  		if (capdns != NULL)
601  			hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
602  		else
603  #endif
604  			hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
605  		if (!hp)
606  			errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607  			    target, hstrerror(h_errno));
608  
609  		if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
610  			errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
611  		memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
612  		(void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
613  		hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
614  		hostname = hnamebuf;
615  	}
616  
617  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
618  	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
619  	if (capdns != NULL) {
620  		const char *types[1];
621  
622  		types[0] = "ADDR";
623  		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
624  			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
625  	}
626  #endif
627  
628  	if (ssend < 0) {
629  		errno = ssend_errno;
630  		err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
631  	}
632  
633  	if (srecv < 0) {
634  		errno = srecv_errno;
635  		err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
636  	}
637  
638  	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
639  		err(1, "connect");
640  
641  	if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
642  		errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
643  
644  	if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
645  		errx(EX_USAGE,
646  		    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
647  	if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
648  	    && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
649  		errx(EX_USAGE,
650  		    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
651  
652  	if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)	/* can we time transfer */
653  		timing = 1;
654  
655  	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
656  		for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
657  			*datap++ = i;
658  
659  	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
660  
661  	hold = 1;
662  	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
663  		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
664  		    sizeof(hold));
665  		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
666  		    sizeof(hold));
667  	}
668  	if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
669  		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
670  		    sizeof(hold));
671  #ifdef IPSEC
672  #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
673  	if (options & F_POLICY) {
674  		char *buf;
675  		if (policy_in != NULL) {
676  			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
677  			if (buf == NULL)
678  				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
679  			if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
680  					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
681  				err(EX_CONFIG,
682  				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
683  			free(buf);
684  		}
685  
686  		if (policy_out != NULL) {
687  			buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
688  			if (buf == NULL)
689  				errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
690  			if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
691  					buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
692  				err(EX_CONFIG,
693  				    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
694  			free(buf);
695  		}
696  	}
697  #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
698  #endif /*IPSEC*/
699  
700  	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
701  		ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
702  		if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
703  			mib[0] = CTL_NET;
704  			mib[1] = PF_INET;
705  			mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
706  			mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
707  			sz = sizeof(ttl);
708  			if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
709  				err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
710  		}
711  		setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
712  		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
713  		ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
714  		ip->ip_tos = tos;
715  		ip->ip_id = 0;
716  		ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
717  		ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
718  		ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
719  		ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
720  		ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
721          }
722  
723  	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
724  		cansandbox = true;
725  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
726  	else if (capdns != NULL)
727  		cansandbox = true;
728  #endif
729  	else
730  		cansandbox = false;
731  
732  	/*
733  	 * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
734  	 * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
735  	 * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
736  	 */
737  	if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
738  		err(1, "cap_enter");
739  
740  	if (cap_sandboxed())
741  		fprintf(stderr, "capability mode sandbox enabled\n");
742  
743  	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
744  	if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
745  		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
746  
747  	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
748  	if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
749  		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
750  
751  	/* record route option */
752  	if (options & F_RROUTE) {
753  #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
754  		bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
755  		rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
756  		rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
757  		rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
758  		rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
759  		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
760  		    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
761  			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
762  #else
763  		errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
764  		    "record route not available in this implementation");
765  #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
766  	}
767  
768  	if (options & F_TTL) {
769  		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
770  		    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
771  			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
772  		}
773  	}
774  	if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
775  		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
776  		    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
777  			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
778  		}
779  	}
780  	if (options & F_MTTL) {
781  		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
782  		    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
783  			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
784  		}
785  	}
786  	if (options & F_MIF) {
787  		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
788  		    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
789  			err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
790  		}
791  	}
792  #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
793  	{ int on = 1;
794  	if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
795  		err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
796  	}
797  #endif
798  	if (sweepmax) {
799  		if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
800  			errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
801  
802  		if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
803  			errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
804  
805  		if (npackets > 0) {
806  			snpackets = npackets;
807  			npackets = 0;
808  		} else
809  			snpackets = 1;
810  		datalen = sweepmin;
811  		send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
812  	}
813  	if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
814  		errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
815  
816  	/*
817  	 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
818  	 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
819  	 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
820  	 * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
821  	 * or multicast pings if they wish.
822  	 */
823  
824  	/*
825  	 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
826  	 * as well.
827  	 */
828  	hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
829  	(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
830  	    sizeof(hold));
831  	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
832  	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
833  	if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
834  		err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
835  	if (uid == 0)
836  		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
837  		    sizeof(hold));
838  	/* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
839  	cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
840  	if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
841  		err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
842  
843  	if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
844  		(void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
845  		    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
846  		if (source)
847  			(void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
848  		if (sweepmax)
849  			(void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
850  			    sweepmin, sweepmax);
851  		else
852  			(void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
853  
854  	} else {
855  		if (sweepmax)
856  			(void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
857  			    hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
858  		else
859  			(void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
860  	}
861  
862  	/*
863  	 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
864  	 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
865  	 */
866  
867  	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
868  	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
869  
870  	si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
871  	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
872  		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
873  	}
874  
875  	si_sa.sa_handler = status;
876  	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
877  		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
878  	}
879  
880          if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
881  		si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
882  		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
883  			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
884          }
885  
886  	bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
887  	msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
888  	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
889  	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
890  #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
891  	msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
892  #endif
893  	iov.iov_base = packet;
894  	iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
895  
896  	if (preload == 0)
897  		pinger();		/* send the first ping */
898  	else {
899  		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
900  			preload = npackets;
901  		while (preload--)	/* fire off them quickies */
902  			pinger();
903  	}
904  	(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
905  
906  	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
907  		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
908  		intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
909  	} else {
910  		intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
911  		intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
912  	}
913  
914  	almost_done = 0;
915  	while (!finish_up) {
916  		struct timeval now, timeout;
917  		fd_set rfds;
918  		int cc, n;
919  
920  		check_status();
921  		if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
922  			errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
923  		FD_ZERO(&rfds);
924  		FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
925  		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
926  		timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
927  		timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
928  		while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
929  			timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
930  			timeout.tv_sec--;
931  		}
932  		while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
933  			timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
934  			timeout.tv_sec++;
935  		}
936  		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
937  			timerclear(&timeout);
938  		n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
939  		if (n < 0)
940  			continue;	/* Must be EINTR. */
941  		if (n == 1) {
942  			struct timeval *tv = NULL;
943  #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
944  			struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
945  
946  			msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
947  #endif
948  			msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
949  			if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
950  				if (errno == EINTR)
951  					continue;
952  				warn("recvmsg");
953  				continue;
954  			}
955  #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
956  			if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
957  			    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
958  			    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
959  				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
960  				memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
961  				tv = &now;
962  			}
963  #endif
964  			if (tv == NULL) {
965  				(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
966  				tv = &now;
967  			}
968  			pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
969  			if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
970  			    (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
971  				break;
972  		}
973  		if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
974  			if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
975  				for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
976  					*datap++ = i;
977  				datalen += sweepincr;
978  				if (datalen > sweepmax)
979  					break;
980  				send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
981  				sntransmitted = 0;
982  			}
983  			if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
984  				pinger();
985  			else {
986  				if (almost_done)
987  					break;
988  				almost_done = 1;
989  				intvl.tv_usec = 0;
990  				if (nreceived) {
991  					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
992  					if (!intvl.tv_sec)
993  						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
994  				} else {
995  					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
996  					intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
997  				}
998  			}
999  			(void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
1000  			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1001  				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1002  				if (options & F_MISSED)
1003  					(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1004  			}
1005  		}
1006  	}
1007  	finish();
1008  	/* NOTREACHED */
1009  	exit(0);	/* Make the compiler happy */
1010  }
1011  
1012  /*
1013   * stopit --
1014   *	Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1015   * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1016   * to be called from a signal handler.
1017   */
1018  void
1019  stopit(int sig __unused)
1020  {
1021  
1022  	/*
1023  	 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1024  	 * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1025  	 */
1026  	if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1027  		_exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1028  	finish_up = 1;
1029  }
1030  
1031  /*
1032   * pinger --
1033   *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1034   * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1035   * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1036   * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1037   * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1038   */
1039  static void
1040  pinger(void)
1041  {
1042  	struct timeval now;
1043  	struct tv32 tv32;
1044  	struct ip *ip;
1045  	struct icmp *icp;
1046  	int cc, i;
1047  	u_char *packet;
1048  
1049  	packet = outpack;
1050  	icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1051  	icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1052  	icp->icmp_code = 0;
1053  	icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1054  	icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1055  	icp->icmp_id = ident;			/* ID */
1056  
1057  	CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1058  
1059  	if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1060  		(void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1061  
1062  		tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1063  		tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1064  		if (options & F_TIME)
1065  			icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1066  				* 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1067  		if (timing)
1068  			bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1069  			    (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1070  			    sizeof(tv32));
1071  	}
1072  
1073  	cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1074  
1075  	/* compute ICMP checksum here */
1076  	icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1077  
1078  	if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1079  		cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1080  		ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1081  		ip->ip_len = cc;
1082  		ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1083  		packet = outpackhdr;
1084  	}
1085  	i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1086  	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1087  		if (i < 0) {
1088  			if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1089  				usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1090  				return;
1091  			}
1092  			warn("sendto");
1093  		} else {
1094  			warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1095  			     hostname, i, cc);
1096  		}
1097  	}
1098  	ntransmitted++;
1099  	sntransmitted++;
1100  	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1101  		(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1102  }
1103  
1104  /*
1105   * pr_pack --
1106   *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1107   * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1108   * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1109   * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1110   */
1111  static void
1112  pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1113  {
1114  	struct in_addr ina;
1115  	u_char *cp, *dp;
1116  	struct icmp *icp;
1117  	struct ip *ip;
1118  	const void *tp;
1119  	double triptime;
1120  	int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1121  	static int old_rrlen;
1122  	static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1123  
1124  	/* Check the IP header */
1125  	ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1126  	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1127  	recv_len = cc;
1128  	if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1129  		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1130  			warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1131  			     inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1132  		return;
1133  	}
1134  
1135  	/* Now the ICMP part */
1136  	cc -= hlen;
1137  	icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1138  	if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1139  		if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1140  			return;			/* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1141  		++nreceived;
1142  		triptime = 0.0;
1143  		if (timing) {
1144  			struct timeval tv1;
1145  			struct tv32 tv32;
1146  #ifndef icmp_data
1147  			tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1148  #else
1149  			tp = icp->icmp_data;
1150  #endif
1151  			tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1152  
1153  			if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
1154  			    sizeof(tv1)) {
1155  				/* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1156  				memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1157  				tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1158  				tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1159  				tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1160   				triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1161   				    ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1162  				tsum += triptime;
1163  				tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1164  				if (triptime < tmin)
1165  					tmin = triptime;
1166  				if (triptime > tmax)
1167  					tmax = triptime;
1168  			} else
1169  				timing = 0;
1170  		}
1171  
1172  		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1173  
1174  		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1175  			++nrepeats;
1176  			--nreceived;
1177  			dupflag = 1;
1178  		} else {
1179  			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1180  			dupflag = 0;
1181  		}
1182  
1183  		if (options & F_QUIET)
1184  			return;
1185  
1186  		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1187  			++nrcvtimeout;
1188  			return;
1189  		}
1190  
1191  		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1192  			(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1193  		else {
1194  			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1195  			   inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1196  			   seq);
1197  			(void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1198  			if (timing)
1199  				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1200  			if (dupflag)
1201  				(void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1202  			if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1203  				(void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1204  			if (options & F_MASK) {
1205  				/* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1206  				(void)printf(" mask=%s",
1207  					pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1208  			}
1209  			if (options & F_TIME) {
1210  				(void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1211  				(void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1212  				(void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1213  			}
1214  			if (recv_len != send_len) {
1215                          	(void)printf(
1216  				     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1217  				     recv_len, send_len);
1218  			}
1219  			/* check the data */
1220  			cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1221  			dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1222  			cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1223  			i = 0;
1224  			if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1225  				cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1226  				dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1227  				cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1228  				i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1229  			}
1230  			for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1231  				if (*cp != *dp) {
1232  	(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1233  	    i, *dp, *cp);
1234  					(void)printf("\ncp:");
1235  					cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1236  					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1237  						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1238  							(void)printf("\n\t");
1239  						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1240  					}
1241  					(void)printf("\ndp:");
1242  					cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1243  					for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1244  						if ((i % 16) == 8)
1245  							(void)printf("\n\t");
1246  						(void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1247  					}
1248  					break;
1249  				}
1250  			}
1251  		}
1252  	} else {
1253  		/*
1254  		 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1255  		 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1256  		 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1257  		 * and ICMP type and ID.
1258  		 *
1259  		 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1260  		 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1261  		 * available to those not running as root.
1262  		 */
1263  #ifndef icmp_data
1264  		struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1265  #else
1266  		struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1267  #endif
1268  		struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1269  
1270  		if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1271  		    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1272  		     (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1273  		     (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1274  		     (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1275  		     (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1276  		    (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1277  			pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1278  		    pr_icmph(icp);
1279  		} else
1280  		    return;
1281  	}
1282  
1283  	/* Display any IP options */
1284  	cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1285  
1286  	for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1287  		switch (*cp) {
1288  		case IPOPT_EOL:
1289  			hlen = 0;
1290  			break;
1291  		case IPOPT_LSRR:
1292  		case IPOPT_SSRR:
1293  			(void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1294  			    "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1295  			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1296  			hlen -= 2;
1297  			cp += 2;
1298  			if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1299  			    j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1300  				for (;;) {
1301  					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1302  					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1303  						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1304  					else
1305  						(void)printf("\t%s",
1306  						     pr_addr(ina));
1307  					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1308  					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1309  					j -= INADDR_LEN;
1310  					if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1311  						break;
1312  					(void)putchar('\n');
1313  				}
1314  			} else
1315  				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1316  			break;
1317  		case IPOPT_RR:
1318  			j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];		/* get length */
1319  			i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];		/* and pointer */
1320  			hlen -= 2;
1321  			cp += 2;
1322  			if (i > j)
1323  				i = j;
1324  			i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1325  			if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1326  				old_rrlen = 0;
1327  				continue;
1328  			}
1329  			if (i == old_rrlen
1330  			    && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1331  			    && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1332  				(void)printf("\t(same route)");
1333  				hlen -= i;
1334  				cp += i;
1335  				break;
1336  			}
1337  			old_rrlen = i;
1338  			bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1339  			(void)printf("\nRR: ");
1340  			if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1341  			    i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1342  				for (;;) {
1343  					bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1344  					if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1345  						(void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1346  					else
1347  						(void)printf("\t%s",
1348  						     pr_addr(ina));
1349  					hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1350  					cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1351  					i -= INADDR_LEN;
1352  					if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1353  						break;
1354  					(void)putchar('\n');
1355  				}
1356  			} else
1357  				(void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1358  			break;
1359  		case IPOPT_NOP:
1360  			(void)printf("\nNOP");
1361  			break;
1362  		default:
1363  			(void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1364  			break;
1365  		}
1366  	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1367  		(void)putchar('\n');
1368  		(void)fflush(stdout);
1369  	}
1370  }
1371  
1372  /*
1373   * in_cksum --
1374   *	Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1375   */
1376  u_short
1377  in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1378  {
1379  	int nleft, sum;
1380  	u_short *w;
1381  	union {
1382  		u_short	us;
1383  		u_char	uc[2];
1384  	} last;
1385  	u_short answer;
1386  
1387  	nleft = len;
1388  	sum = 0;
1389  	w = addr;
1390  
1391  	/*
1392  	 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1393  	 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1394  	 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1395  	 */
1396  	while (nleft > 1)  {
1397  		sum += *w++;
1398  		nleft -= 2;
1399  	}
1400  
1401  	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1402  	if (nleft == 1) {
1403  		last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1404  		last.uc[1] = 0;
1405  		sum += last.us;
1406  	}
1407  
1408  	/* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1409  	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1410  	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
1411  	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
1412  	return(answer);
1413  }
1414  
1415  /*
1416   * tvsub --
1417   *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1418   * be >= in.
1419   */
1420  static void
1421  tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1422  {
1423  
1424  	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1425  		--out->tv_sec;
1426  		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1427  	}
1428  	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1429  }
1430  
1431  /*
1432   * status --
1433   *	Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1434   */
1435  
1436  static void
1437  status(int sig __unused)
1438  {
1439  
1440  	siginfo_p = 1;
1441  }
1442  
1443  static void
1444  check_status(void)
1445  {
1446  
1447  	if (siginfo_p) {
1448  		siginfo_p = 0;
1449  		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1450  		    nreceived, ntransmitted,
1451  		    ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1452  		if (nreceived && timing)
1453  			(void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1454  			    tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1455  		(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1456  	}
1457  }
1458  
1459  /*
1460   * finish --
1461   *	Print out statistics, and give up.
1462   */
1463  static void
1464  finish(void)
1465  {
1466  
1467  	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1468  	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1469  	(void)putchar('\n');
1470  	(void)fflush(stdout);
1471  	(void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1472  	(void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1473  	(void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1474  	if (nrepeats)
1475  		(void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1476  	if (ntransmitted) {
1477  		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1478  			(void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1479  		else
1480  			(void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1481  			    ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1482  			    ntransmitted);
1483  	}
1484  	if (nrcvtimeout)
1485  		(void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1486  	(void)putchar('\n');
1487  	if (nreceived && timing) {
1488  		double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1489  		double avg = tsum / n;
1490  		double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1491  		(void)printf(
1492  		    "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1493  		    tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1494  	}
1495  
1496  	if (nreceived)
1497  		exit(0);
1498  	else
1499  		exit(2);
1500  }
1501  
1502  #ifdef notdef
1503  static char *ttab[] = {
1504  	"Echo Reply",		/* ip + seq + udata */
1505  	"Dest Unreachable",	/* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1506  	"Source Quench",	/* IP */
1507  	"Redirect",		/* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1508  	"Echo",
1509  	"Time Exceeded",	/* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1510  	"Parameter Problem",	/* pointer + IP */
1511  	"Timestamp",		/* id + seq + three timestamps */
1512  	"Timestamp Reply",	/* " */
1513  	"Info Request",		/* id + sq */
1514  	"Info Reply"		/* " */
1515  };
1516  #endif
1517  
1518  /*
1519   * pr_icmph --
1520   *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1521   */
1522  static void
1523  pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1524  {
1525  
1526  	switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1527  	case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1528  		(void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1529  		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1530  		break;
1531  	case ICMP_UNREACH:
1532  		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1533  		case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1534  			(void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1535  			break;
1536  		case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1537  			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1538  			break;
1539  		case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1540  			(void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1541  			break;
1542  		case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1543  			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1544  			break;
1545  		case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1546  			(void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1547  					ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1548  			break;
1549  		case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1550  			(void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1551  			break;
1552  		case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1553  			(void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1554  			break;
1555  		default:
1556  			(void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1557  			    icp->icmp_code);
1558  			break;
1559  		}
1560  		/* Print returned IP header information */
1561  #ifndef icmp_data
1562  		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1563  #else
1564  		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1565  #endif
1566  		break;
1567  	case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1568  		(void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1569  #ifndef icmp_data
1570  		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1571  #else
1572  		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1573  #endif
1574  		break;
1575  	case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1576  		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1577  		case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1578  			(void)printf("Redirect Network");
1579  			break;
1580  		case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1581  			(void)printf("Redirect Host");
1582  			break;
1583  		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1584  			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1585  			break;
1586  		case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1587  			(void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1588  			break;
1589  		default:
1590  			(void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1591  			break;
1592  		}
1593  		(void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1594  #ifndef icmp_data
1595  		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1596  #else
1597  		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1598  #endif
1599  		break;
1600  	case ICMP_ECHO:
1601  		(void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1602  		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1603  		break;
1604  	case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1605  		switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1606  		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1607  			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1608  			break;
1609  		case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1610  			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1611  			break;
1612  		default:
1613  			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1614  			    icp->icmp_code);
1615  			break;
1616  		}
1617  #ifndef icmp_data
1618  		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1619  #else
1620  		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1621  #endif
1622  		break;
1623  	case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1624  		(void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1625  		    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1626  #ifndef icmp_data
1627  		pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1628  #else
1629  		pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1630  #endif
1631  		break;
1632  	case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1633  		(void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1634  		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1635  		break;
1636  	case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1637  		(void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1638  		/* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1639  		break;
1640  	case ICMP_IREQ:
1641  		(void)printf("Information Request\n");
1642  		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1643  		break;
1644  	case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1645  		(void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1646  		/* XXX ID + Seq */
1647  		break;
1648  	case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1649  		(void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1650  		break;
1651  	case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1652  		(void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1653  		break;
1654  	case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1655  		(void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1656  		break;
1657  	case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1658  		(void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1659  		break;
1660  	default:
1661  		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1662  	}
1663  }
1664  
1665  /*
1666   * pr_iph --
1667   *	Print an IP header with options.
1668   */
1669  static void
1670  pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1671  {
1672  	u_char *cp;
1673  	int hlen;
1674  
1675  	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1676  	cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;		/* point to options */
1677  
1678  	(void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1679  	(void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1680  	    ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1681  	    ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1682  	(void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1683  	    (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1684  	    (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1685  	(void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1686  							    ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1687  	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1688  	(void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1689  	/* dump any option bytes */
1690  	while (hlen-- > 20) {
1691  		(void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1692  	}
1693  	(void)putchar('\n');
1694  }
1695  
1696  /*
1697   * pr_addr --
1698   *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1699   * a hostname.
1700   */
1701  static char *
1702  pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1703  {
1704  	struct hostent *hp;
1705  	static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1706  
1707  	if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1708  		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1709  
1710  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1711  	if (capdns != NULL)
1712  		hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1713  	else
1714  #endif
1715  		hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1716  
1717  	if (hp == NULL)
1718  		return inet_ntoa(ina);
1719  
1720  	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1721  	    inet_ntoa(ina));
1722  	return(buf);
1723  }
1724  
1725  /*
1726   * pr_retip --
1727   *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1728   */
1729  static void
1730  pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1731  {
1732  	u_char *cp;
1733  	int hlen;
1734  
1735  	pr_iph(ip);
1736  	hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1737  	cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1738  
1739  	if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1740  		(void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1741  		    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1742  	else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1743  		(void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1744  			(*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1745  }
1746  
1747  static char *
1748  pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1749  {
1750  	static char buf[10];
1751  	int hour, min, sec;
1752  
1753  	sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1754  	hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1755  	min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1756  	sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1757  
1758  	(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1759  
1760  	return (buf);
1761  }
1762  
1763  static void
1764  fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1765  {
1766  	char *cp;
1767  	int pat[16];
1768  	u_int ii, jj, kk;
1769  
1770  	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1771  		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1772  			errx(EX_USAGE,
1773  			    "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1774  
1775  	}
1776  	ii = sscanf(patp,
1777  	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1778  	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1779  	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1780  	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1781  
1782  	if (ii > 0)
1783  		for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1784  			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1785  				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1786  	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1787  		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1788  		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1789  			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1790  		(void)printf("\n");
1791  	}
1792  }
1793  
1794  #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1795  static cap_channel_t *
1796  capdns_setup(void)
1797  {
1798  	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1799  	const char *types[2];
1800  	int families[1];
1801  
1802  	capcas = cap_init();
1803  	if (capcas == NULL) {
1804  		warn("unable to contact casperd");
1805  		return (NULL);
1806  	}
1807  	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1808  	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1809  	cap_close(capcas);
1810  	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1811  		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1812  	types[0] = "NAME";
1813  	types[1] = "ADDR";
1814  	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1815  		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1816  	families[0] = AF_INET;
1817  	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1818  		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1819  
1820  	return (capdnsloc);
1821  }
1822  #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM */
1823  
1824  #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1825  #define	SECOPT		" [-P policy]"
1826  #else
1827  #define	SECOPT		""
1828  #endif
1829  static void
1830  usage(void)
1831  {
1832  
1833  	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1834  "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1835  "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1836  "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1837  "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1838  "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1839  "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1840  "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1841  "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1842  	exit(EX_USAGE);
1843  }
1844