1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Mike Muuss. 7 * 8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10 * are met: 11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17 * must display the following acknowledgement: 18 * This product includes software developed by the University of 19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22 * without specific prior written permission. 23 * 24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34 * SUCH DAMAGE. 35 */ 36 37 #ifndef lint 38 static const char copyright[] = 39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ 40 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 41 #endif /* not lint */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 /* 45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; 46 */ 47 static const char rcsid[] = 48 "$Id: ping.c,v 1.27 1997/08/07 02:41:15 julian Exp $"; 49 #endif /* not lint */ 50 51 /* 52 * P I N G . C 53 * 54 * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, 55 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. 56 * 57 * Author - 58 * Mike Muuss 59 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory 60 * December, 1983 61 * 62 * Status - 63 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. 64 * Bugs - 65 * More statistics could always be gathered. 66 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. 67 */ 68 69 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */ 70 71 #include <ctype.h> 72 #include <err.h> 73 #include <errno.h> 74 #include <math.h> 75 #include <netdb.h> 76 #include <signal.h> 77 #include <stdio.h> 78 #include <stdlib.h> 79 #include <string.h> 80 #include <sysexits.h> 81 #include <termios.h> 82 #include <unistd.h> 83 84 #include <sys/socket.h> 85 #include <sys/file.h> 86 #include <sys/time.h> 87 88 #include <netinet/in.h> 89 #include <netinet/in_systm.h> 90 #include <netinet/ip.h> 91 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> 92 #include <netinet/ip_var.h> 93 #include <arpa/inet.h> 94 95 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ 96 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */ 97 /* runs out of buffer space */ 98 #define MAXIPLEN 60 99 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 100 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ 101 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ 102 #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ 103 104 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ 105 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ 106 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) 107 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) 108 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) 109 110 /* various options */ 111 int options; 112 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 113 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 114 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 115 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 116 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 117 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 118 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 119 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 120 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 121 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 122 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 123 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 124 #define F_MIF 0x1000 125 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 126 127 /* 128 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum 129 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 130 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... 131 */ 132 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) 133 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; 134 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; 135 136 struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ 137 int datalen = DEFDATALEN; 138 int s; /* socket file descriptor */ 139 u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; 140 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ 141 char DOT = '.'; 142 char *hostname; 143 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ 144 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */ 145 146 /* counters */ 147 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ 148 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ 149 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ 150 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ 151 int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ 152 153 /* timing */ 154 int timing; /* flag to do timing */ 155 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ 156 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ 157 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ 158 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ 159 160 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */ 161 int reset_kerninfo; 162 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; 163 164 static void fill(char *, char *); 165 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int); 166 static void catcher(int sig); 167 static void check_status(void); 168 static void finish(void) __dead2; 169 static void pinger(void); 170 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr); 171 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); 172 static void pr_iph(struct ip *); 173 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *); 174 static void pr_retip(struct ip *); 175 static void status(int); 176 static void stopit(int); 177 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); 178 static void usage(const char *) __dead2; 179 180 int 181 main(argc, argv) 182 int argc; 183 char *const *argv; 184 { 185 struct timeval timeout; 186 struct hostent *hp; 187 struct sockaddr_in *to; 188 struct termios ts; 189 register int i; 190 int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno; 191 struct in_addr ifaddr; 192 unsigned char ttl, loop; 193 u_char *datap, *packet; 194 char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 195 char *ep; 196 u_long ultmp; 197 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 198 char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ 199 #endif 200 struct sigaction si_sa; 201 202 /* 203 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and 204 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for 205 * after arg parsing. 206 */ 207 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); 208 sockerrno = errno; 209 210 setuid(getuid()); 211 uid = getuid(); 212 213 preload = 0; 214 215 datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 216 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRT:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:v")) != -1) { 217 switch(ch) { 218 case 'a': 219 options |= F_AUDIBLE; 220 break; 221 case 'c': 222 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 223 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp) 224 errx(EX_USAGE, 225 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'", 226 optarg); 227 npackets = ultmp; 228 break; 229 case 'd': 230 options |= F_SO_DEBUG; 231 break; 232 case 'f': 233 if (getuid()) { 234 errno = EPERM; 235 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag"); 236 } 237 options |= F_FLOOD; 238 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); 239 break; 240 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ 241 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 242 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) 243 errx(EX_USAGE, 244 "invalid timing interval: `%s'", optarg); 245 options |= F_INTERVAL; 246 interval = ultmp; 247 break; 248 case 'I': /* multicast interface */ 249 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) 250 errx(EX_USAGE, 251 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'", 252 optarg); 253 options |= F_MIF; 254 break; 255 case 'l': 256 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 257 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) 258 errx(EX_USAGE, 259 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg); 260 if (getuid()) { 261 errno = EPERM; 262 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag"); 263 } 264 options |= F_FLOOD; 265 preload = ultmp; 266 break; 267 case 'L': 268 options |= F_NOLOOP; 269 loop = 0; 270 break; 271 case 'n': 272 options |= F_NUMERIC; 273 break; 274 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ 275 options |= F_PINGFILLED; 276 fill((char *)datap, optarg); 277 break; 278 case 'Q': 279 options |= F_QUIET2; 280 break; 281 case 'q': 282 options |= F_QUIET; 283 break; 284 case 'R': 285 options |= F_RROUTE; 286 break; 287 case 'r': 288 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; 289 break; 290 case 's': /* size of packet to send */ 291 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 292 if (ultmp > MAXPACKET) 293 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu", 294 ultmp); 295 if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp) 296 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", 297 optarg); 298 datalen = ultmp; 299 break; 300 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ 301 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); 302 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255) 303 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'", 304 optarg); 305 ttl = ultmp; 306 options |= F_MTTL; 307 break; 308 case 'v': 309 options |= F_VERBOSE; 310 break; 311 default: 312 313 usage(argv[0]); 314 } 315 } 316 317 if (argc - optind != 1) 318 usage(argv[0]); 319 target = argv[optind]; 320 321 bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 322 to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; 323 to->sin_family = AF_INET; 324 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) { 325 hostname = target; 326 } else { 327 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET); 328 if (!hp) 329 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", 330 target, hstrerror(h_errno)); 331 332 to->sin_len = sizeof *to; 333 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr)) 334 errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address"); 335 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr); 336 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); 337 hnamebuf[(sizeof hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; 338 hostname = hnamebuf; 339 } 340 341 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) 342 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options"); 343 344 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 345 errx(EX_USAGE, 346 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination"); 347 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL) 348 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) 349 errx(EX_USAGE, 350 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination"); 351 352 if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ 353 timing = 1; 354 packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; 355 if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen))) 356 err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc"); 357 358 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) 359 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) 360 *datap++ = i; 361 362 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; 363 364 if (s < 0) { 365 errno = sockerrno; 366 err(EX_OSERR, "socket"); 367 } 368 hold = 1; 369 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) 370 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, 371 sizeof(hold)); 372 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) 373 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, 374 sizeof(hold)); 375 376 /* record route option */ 377 if (options & F_RROUTE) { 378 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS 379 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; 380 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; 381 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; 382 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, 383 sizeof(rspace)) < 0) 384 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS"); 385 #else 386 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, 387 "record route not available in this implementation"); 388 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ 389 } 390 391 if (options & F_NOLOOP) { 392 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, 393 sizeof(loop)) < 0) { 394 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); 395 } 396 } 397 if (options & F_MTTL) { 398 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, 399 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { 400 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); 401 } 402 } 403 if (options & F_MIF) { 404 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, 405 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { 406 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); 407 } 408 } 409 410 /* 411 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. 412 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the 413 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for 414 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast 415 * or multicast pings if they wish. 416 */ 417 hold = 48 * 1024; 418 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, 419 sizeof(hold)); 420 421 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) 422 (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, 423 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr), 424 datalen); 425 else 426 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); 427 428 /* 429 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics, 430 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set. 431 */ 432 433 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 434 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 435 436 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; 437 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 438 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT"); 439 } 440 441 si_sa.sa_handler = catcher; 442 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 443 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM"); 444 } 445 446 si_sa.sa_handler = status; 447 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 448 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction"); 449 } 450 451 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 452 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); 453 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; 454 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 455 } 456 457 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ 458 pinger(); 459 460 if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) 461 catcher(0); /* start things going */ 462 463 while (!finish_up) { 464 struct sockaddr_in from; 465 register int cc; 466 int fromlen; 467 468 check_status(); 469 if (options & F_FLOOD) { 470 pinger(); 471 timeout.tv_sec = 0; 472 timeout.tv_usec = 10000; 473 fdmask = 1 << s; 474 if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, 475 (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) 476 continue; 477 } 478 fromlen = sizeof(from); 479 if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, 480 (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { 481 if (errno == EINTR) 482 continue; 483 perror("ping: recvfrom"); 484 continue; 485 } 486 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); 487 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) 488 break; 489 } 490 finish(); 491 /* NOTREACHED */ 492 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ 493 } 494 495 /* 496 * stopit -- 497 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit. 498 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much 499 * to be called from a signal handler. 500 */ 501 void 502 stopit(sig) 503 int sig; 504 { 505 finish_up = 1; 506 } 507 508 /* 509 * catcher -- 510 * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then 511 * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. 512 * 513 * bug -- 514 * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be 515 * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the 516 * quality of the delay and loss statistics. 517 */ 518 static void 519 catcher(int sig) 520 { 521 int waittime; 522 struct sigaction si_sa; 523 524 pinger(); 525 526 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) 527 (void)alarm((u_int)interval); 528 else { 529 if (nreceived) { 530 waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; 531 if (!waittime) 532 waittime = 1; 533 } else 534 waittime = MAXWAIT; 535 536 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; 537 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); 538 si_sa.sa_flags = 0; 539 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { 540 finish_up = 1; 541 return; 542 } 543 (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); 544 } 545 } 546 547 /* 548 * pinger -- 549 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet 550 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, 551 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes 552 * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host 553 * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. 554 * 555 * bug -- 556 * this does far too much to be called from a signal handler. 557 */ 558 static void 559 pinger(void) 560 { 561 register struct icmp *icp; 562 register int cc; 563 int i; 564 565 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; 566 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; 567 icp->icmp_code = 0; 568 icp->icmp_cksum = 0; 569 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted; 570 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ 571 572 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 573 574 if (timing) 575 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], 576 (struct timezone *)NULL); 577 578 cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ 579 580 /* compute ICMP checksum here */ 581 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); 582 583 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, 584 sizeof(struct sockaddr)); 585 586 if (i < 0 || i != cc) { 587 if (i < 0) { 588 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) { 589 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF); 590 return; 591 } 592 warn("sendto"); 593 } else { 594 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes", 595 hostname, cc, i); 596 } 597 } 598 ntransmitted++; 599 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) 600 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); 601 } 602 603 /* 604 * pr_pack -- 605 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary 606 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets 607 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this 608 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). 609 */ 610 static void 611 pr_pack(buf, cc, from) 612 char *buf; 613 int cc; 614 struct sockaddr_in *from; 615 { 616 register struct icmp *icp; 617 register u_long l; 618 register int i, j; 619 register u_char *cp,*dp; 620 static int old_rrlen; 621 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; 622 struct ip *ip; 623 struct timeval tv, *tp; 624 double triptime; 625 int hlen, dupflag; 626 627 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 628 629 /* Check the IP header */ 630 ip = (struct ip *)buf; 631 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 632 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { 633 if (options & F_VERBOSE) 634 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, 635 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); 636 return; 637 } 638 639 /* Now the ICMP part */ 640 cc -= hlen; 641 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); 642 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { 643 if (icp->icmp_id != ident) 644 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ 645 ++nreceived; 646 triptime = 0.0; 647 if (timing) { 648 #ifndef icmp_data 649 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; 650 #else 651 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; 652 #endif 653 tvsub(&tv, tp); 654 triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 + 655 ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0; 656 tsum += triptime; 657 tsumsq += triptime * triptime; 658 if (triptime < tmin) 659 tmin = triptime; 660 if (triptime > tmax) 661 tmax = triptime; 662 } 663 664 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { 665 ++nrepeats; 666 --nreceived; 667 dupflag = 1; 668 } else { 669 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); 670 dupflag = 0; 671 } 672 673 if (options & F_QUIET) 674 return; 675 676 if (options & F_FLOOD) 677 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); 678 else { 679 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, 680 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), 681 icp->icmp_seq); 682 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); 683 if (timing) 684 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); 685 if (dupflag) 686 (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); 687 if (options & F_AUDIBLE) 688 (void)printf("\a"); 689 /* check the data */ 690 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; 691 dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; 692 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { 693 if (*cp != *dp) { 694 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", 695 i, *dp, *cp); 696 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; 697 for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { 698 if ((i % 32) == 8) 699 (void)printf("\n\t"); 700 (void)printf("%x ", *cp); 701 } 702 break; 703 } 704 } 705 } 706 } else { 707 /* 708 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. 709 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. 710 * We can compare IP destination, protocol, 711 * and ICMP type and ID. 712 * 713 * Only print all the error messages if we are running 714 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally 715 * available to those not running as root. 716 */ 717 #ifndef icmp_data 718 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; 719 #else 720 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; 721 #endif 722 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); 723 724 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) || 725 (!(options & F_QUIET2) && 726 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == 727 ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && 728 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && 729 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && 730 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { 731 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, 732 pr_addr(from->sin_addr)); 733 pr_icmph(icp); 734 } else 735 return; 736 } 737 738 /* Display any IP options */ 739 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); 740 741 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) 742 switch (*cp) { 743 case IPOPT_EOL: 744 hlen = 0; 745 break; 746 case IPOPT_LSRR: 747 (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); 748 hlen -= 2; 749 j = *++cp; 750 ++cp; 751 if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) 752 for (;;) { 753 l = *++cp; 754 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 755 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 756 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 757 if (l == 0) { 758 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 759 } else { 760 struct in_addr ina; 761 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 762 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 763 } 764 hlen -= 4; 765 j -= 4; 766 if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) 767 break; 768 (void)putchar('\n'); 769 } 770 break; 771 case IPOPT_RR: 772 j = *++cp; /* get length */ 773 i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ 774 hlen -= 2; 775 if (i > j) 776 i = j; 777 i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; 778 if (i <= 0) 779 continue; 780 if (i == old_rrlen 781 && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 782 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) 783 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { 784 (void)printf("\t(same route)"); 785 i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; 786 hlen -= i; 787 cp += i; 788 break; 789 } 790 old_rrlen = i; 791 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); 792 (void)printf("\nRR: "); 793 for (;;) { 794 l = *++cp; 795 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 796 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 797 l = (l<<8) + *++cp; 798 if (l == 0) { 799 printf("\t0.0.0.0"); 800 } else { 801 struct in_addr ina; 802 ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); 803 printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); 804 } 805 hlen -= 4; 806 i -= 4; 807 if (i <= 0) 808 break; 809 (void)putchar('\n'); 810 } 811 break; 812 case IPOPT_NOP: 813 (void)printf("\nNOP"); 814 break; 815 default: 816 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); 817 break; 818 } 819 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { 820 (void)putchar('\n'); 821 (void)fflush(stdout); 822 } 823 } 824 825 /* 826 * in_cksum -- 827 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) 828 */ 829 u_short 830 in_cksum(addr, len) 831 u_short *addr; 832 int len; 833 { 834 register int nleft = len; 835 register u_short *w = addr; 836 register int sum = 0; 837 u_short answer = 0; 838 839 /* 840 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add 841 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the 842 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. 843 */ 844 while (nleft > 1) { 845 sum += *w++; 846 nleft -= 2; 847 } 848 849 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ 850 if (nleft == 1) { 851 *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; 852 sum += answer; 853 } 854 855 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ 856 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ 857 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ 858 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ 859 return(answer); 860 } 861 862 /* 863 * tvsub -- 864 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to 865 * be >= in. 866 */ 867 static void 868 tvsub(out, in) 869 register struct timeval *out, *in; 870 { 871 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { 872 --out->tv_sec; 873 out->tv_usec += 1000000; 874 } 875 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; 876 } 877 878 /* 879 * status -- 880 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. 881 */ 882 883 static void 884 status(sig) 885 int sig; 886 { 887 siginfo_p = 1; 888 } 889 890 static void 891 check_status() 892 { 893 if (siginfo_p) { 894 siginfo_p = 0; 895 (void)fprintf(stderr, 896 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", 897 nreceived, ntransmitted, 898 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, 899 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, 900 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, 901 tmax); 902 } 903 } 904 905 /* 906 * finish -- 907 * Print out statistics, and give up. 908 */ 909 static void 910 finish() 911 { 912 struct termios ts; 913 914 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); 915 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); 916 (void)putchar('\n'); 917 (void)fflush(stdout); 918 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); 919 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); 920 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); 921 if (nrepeats) 922 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); 923 if (ntransmitted) 924 if (nreceived > ntransmitted) 925 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); 926 else 927 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", 928 (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / 929 ntransmitted)); 930 (void)putchar('\n'); 931 if (nreceived && timing) { 932 double n = nreceived + nrepeats; 933 double avg = tsum / n; 934 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg; 935 printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = " 936 "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", 937 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari)); 938 } 939 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { 940 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; 941 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); 942 } 943 944 if (nreceived) 945 exit(0); 946 else 947 exit(2); 948 } 949 950 #ifdef notdef 951 static char *ttab[] = { 952 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ 953 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ 954 "Source Quench", /* IP */ 955 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ 956 "Echo", 957 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ 958 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ 959 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ 960 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ 961 "Info Request", /* id + sq */ 962 "Info Reply" /* " */ 963 }; 964 #endif 965 966 /* 967 * pr_icmph -- 968 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. 969 */ 970 static void 971 pr_icmph(icp) 972 struct icmp *icp; 973 { 974 switch(icp->icmp_type) { 975 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: 976 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); 977 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 978 break; 979 case ICMP_UNREACH: 980 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 981 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: 982 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); 983 break; 984 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: 985 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); 986 break; 987 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: 988 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); 989 break; 990 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: 991 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); 992 break; 993 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: 994 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", 995 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); 996 break; 997 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: 998 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); 999 break; 1000 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: 1001 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); 1002 break; 1003 default: 1004 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", 1005 icp->icmp_code); 1006 break; 1007 } 1008 /* Print returned IP header information */ 1009 #ifndef icmp_data 1010 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1011 #else 1012 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1013 #endif 1014 break; 1015 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: 1016 (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); 1017 #ifndef icmp_data 1018 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1019 #else 1020 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1021 #endif 1022 break; 1023 case ICMP_REDIRECT: 1024 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1025 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: 1026 (void)printf("Redirect Network"); 1027 break; 1028 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: 1029 (void)printf("Redirect Host"); 1030 break; 1031 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: 1032 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); 1033 break; 1034 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: 1035 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); 1036 break; 1037 default: 1038 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); 1039 break; 1040 } 1041 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); 1042 #ifndef icmp_data 1043 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1044 #else 1045 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1046 #endif 1047 break; 1048 case ICMP_ECHO: 1049 (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); 1050 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ 1051 break; 1052 case ICMP_TIMXCEED: 1053 switch(icp->icmp_code) { 1054 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: 1055 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); 1056 break; 1057 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: 1058 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); 1059 break; 1060 default: 1061 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", 1062 icp->icmp_code); 1063 break; 1064 } 1065 #ifndef icmp_data 1066 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1067 #else 1068 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1069 #endif 1070 break; 1071 case ICMP_PARAMPROB: 1072 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", 1073 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); 1074 #ifndef icmp_data 1075 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); 1076 #else 1077 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); 1078 #endif 1079 break; 1080 case ICMP_TSTAMP: 1081 (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); 1082 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1083 break; 1084 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: 1085 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); 1086 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ 1087 break; 1088 case ICMP_IREQ: 1089 (void)printf("Information Request\n"); 1090 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1091 break; 1092 case ICMP_IREQREPLY: 1093 (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); 1094 /* XXX ID + Seq */ 1095 break; 1096 case ICMP_MASKREQ: 1097 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); 1098 break; 1099 case ICMP_MASKREPLY: 1100 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); 1101 break; 1102 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: 1103 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); 1104 break; 1105 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: 1106 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); 1107 break; 1108 default: 1109 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); 1110 } 1111 } 1112 1113 /* 1114 * pr_iph -- 1115 * Print an IP header with options. 1116 */ 1117 static void 1118 pr_iph(ip) 1119 struct ip *ip; 1120 { 1121 int hlen; 1122 u_char *cp; 1123 1124 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1125 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ 1126 1127 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); 1128 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", 1129 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), 1130 ntohs(ip->ip_id)); 1131 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx", (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, 1132 ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); 1133 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, 1134 ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); 1135 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); 1136 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); 1137 /* dump any option bytes */ 1138 while (hlen-- > 20) { 1139 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); 1140 } 1141 (void)putchar('\n'); 1142 } 1143 1144 /* 1145 * pr_addr -- 1146 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with 1147 * a hostname. 1148 */ 1149 static char * 1150 pr_addr(ina) 1151 struct in_addr ina; 1152 { 1153 struct hostent *hp; 1154 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; 1155 1156 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || 1157 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET))) 1158 return inet_ntoa(ina); 1159 else 1160 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, 1161 inet_ntoa(ina)); 1162 return(buf); 1163 } 1164 1165 /* 1166 * pr_retip -- 1167 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. 1168 */ 1169 static void 1170 pr_retip(ip) 1171 struct ip *ip; 1172 { 1173 int hlen; 1174 u_char *cp; 1175 1176 pr_iph(ip); 1177 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; 1178 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; 1179 1180 if (ip->ip_p == 6) 1181 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1182 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1183 else if (ip->ip_p == 17) 1184 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", 1185 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); 1186 } 1187 1188 static void 1189 fill(bp, patp) 1190 char *bp, *patp; 1191 { 1192 register int ii, jj, kk; 1193 int pat[16]; 1194 char *cp; 1195 1196 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) { 1197 if (!isxdigit(*cp)) 1198 errx(EX_USAGE, 1199 "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); 1200 1201 } 1202 ii = sscanf(patp, 1203 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", 1204 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], 1205 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], 1206 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); 1207 1208 if (ii > 0) 1209 for (kk = 0; 1210 kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + sizeof(struct timeval) + ii); 1211 kk += ii) 1212 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1213 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; 1214 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { 1215 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); 1216 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) 1217 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); 1218 (void)printf("\n"); 1219 } 1220 } 1221 1222 static void 1223 usage(argv0) 1224 const char *argv0; 1225 { 1226 if (strrchr(argv0,'/')) 1227 argv0 = strrchr(argv0,'/') + 1; 1228 fprintf(stderr, 1229 "usage: %s [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] " 1230 "[-p pattern]\n [-s packetsize] " 1231 "[host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]\n", 1232 argv0); 1233 exit(EX_USAGE); 1234 } 1235