1.\" $OpenBSD: pfctl.8,v 1.138 2008/06/10 20:55:02 mcbride Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2001 Kjell Wooding. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 14.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 17.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 19.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 20.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 21.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 22.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 23.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 24.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 25.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.\" $FreeBSD$ 28.\" 29.Dd June 21, 2011 30.Dt PFCTL 8 31.Os 32.Sh NAME 33.Nm pfctl 34.Nd control the packet filter (PF) device 35.Sh SYNOPSIS 36.Nm pfctl 37.Bk -words 38.Op Fl AdeghmNnOPqRrvz 39.Op Fl a Ar anchor 40.Oo Fl D Ar macro Ns = 41.Ar value Oc 42.Op Fl F Ar modifier 43.Op Fl f Ar file 44.Op Fl i Ar interface 45.Op Fl K Ar host | network 46.Xo 47.Oo Fl k 48.Ar host | network | label | id 49.Oc Xc 50.Op Fl o Ar level 51.Op Fl p Ar device 52.Op Fl s Ar modifier 53.Xo 54.Oo Fl t Ar table 55.Fl T Ar command 56.Op Ar address ... 57.Oc Xc 58.Op Fl x Ar level 59.Ek 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61The 62.Nm 63utility communicates with the packet filter device using the 64ioctl interface described in 65.Xr pf 4 . 66It allows ruleset and parameter configuration and retrieval of status 67information from the packet filter. 68.Pp 69Packet filtering restricts the types of packets that pass through 70network interfaces entering or leaving the host based on filter 71rules as described in 72.Xr pf.conf 5 . 73The packet filter can also replace addresses and ports of packets. 74Replacing source addresses and ports of outgoing packets is called 75NAT (Network Address Translation) and is used to connect an internal 76network (usually reserved address space) to an external one (the 77Internet) by making all connections to external hosts appear to 78come from the gateway. 79Replacing destination addresses and ports of incoming packets 80is used to redirect connections to different hosts and/or ports. 81A combination of both translations, bidirectional NAT, is also 82supported. 83Translation rules are described in 84.Xr pf.conf 5 . 85.Pp 86When the variable 87.Va pf 88is set to 89.Dv YES 90in 91.Xr rc.conf 5 , 92the rule file specified with the variable 93.Va pf_rules 94is loaded automatically by the 95.Xr rc 8 96scripts and the packet filter is enabled. 97.Pp 98The packet filter does not itself forward packets between interfaces. 99Forwarding can be enabled by setting the 100.Xr sysctl 8 101variables 102.Em net.inet.ip.forwarding 103and/or 104.Em net.inet6.ip6.forwarding 105to 1. 106Set them permanently in 107.Xr sysctl.conf 5 . 108.Pp 109The 110.Nm 111utility provides several commands. 112The options are as follows: 113.Bl -tag -width Ds 114.It Fl A 115Load only the queue rules present in the rule file. 116Other rules and options are ignored. 117.It Fl a Ar anchor 118Apply flags 119.Fl f , 120.Fl F , 121and 122.Fl s 123only to the rules in the specified 124.Ar anchor . 125In addition to the main ruleset, 126.Nm 127can load and manipulate additional rulesets by name, 128called anchors. 129The main ruleset is the default anchor. 130.Pp 131Anchors are referenced by name and may be nested, 132with the various components of the anchor path separated by 133.Sq / 134characters, similar to how file system hierarchies are laid out. 135The last component of the anchor path is where ruleset operations are 136performed. 137.Pp 138Evaluation of 139.Ar anchor 140rules from the main ruleset is described in 141.Xr pf.conf 5 . 142.Pp 143For example, the following will show all filter rules (see the 144.Fl s 145flag below) inside the anchor 146.Dq authpf/smith(1234) , 147which would have been created for user 148.Dq smith 149by 150.Xr authpf 8 , 151PID 1234: 152.Bd -literal -offset indent 153# pfctl -a "authpf/smith(1234)" -s rules 154.Ed 155.Pp 156Private tables can also be put inside anchors, either by having table 157statements in the 158.Xr pf.conf 5 159file that is loaded in the anchor, or by using regular table commands, as in: 160.Bd -literal -offset indent 161# pfctl -a foo/bar -t mytable -T add 1.2.3.4 5.6.7.8 162.Ed 163.Pp 164When a rule referring to a table is loaded in an anchor, the rule will use the 165private table if one is defined, and then fall back to the table defined in the 166main ruleset, if there is one. 167This is similar to C rules for variable scope. 168It is possible to create distinct tables with the same name in the global 169ruleset and in an anchor, but this is often bad design and a warning will be 170issued in that case. 171.Pp 172By default, recursive inline printing of anchors applies only to unnamed 173anchors specified inline in the ruleset. 174If the anchor name is terminated with a 175.Sq * 176character, the 177.Fl s 178flag will recursively print all anchors in a brace delimited block. 179For example the following will print the 180.Dq authpf 181ruleset recursively: 182.Bd -literal -offset indent 183# pfctl -a 'authpf/*' -sr 184.Ed 185.Pp 186To print the main ruleset recursively, specify only 187.Sq * 188as the anchor name: 189.Bd -literal -offset indent 190# pfctl -a '*' -sr 191.Ed 192.It Fl D Ar macro Ns = Ns Ar value 193Define 194.Ar macro 195to be set to 196.Ar value 197on the command line. 198Overrides the definition of 199.Ar macro 200in the ruleset. 201.It Fl d 202Disable the packet filter. 203.It Fl e 204Enable the packet filter. 205.It Fl F Ar modifier 206Flush the filter parameters specified by 207.Ar modifier 208(may be abbreviated): 209.Pp 210.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact 211.It Fl F Cm nat 212Flush the NAT rules. 213.It Fl F Cm queue 214Flush the queue rules. 215.It Fl F Cm rules 216Flush the filter rules. 217.It Fl F Cm states 218Flush the state table (NAT and filter). 219.It Fl F Cm Sources 220Flush the source tracking table. 221.It Fl F Cm info 222Flush the filter information (statistics that are not bound to rules). 223.It Fl F Cm Tables 224Flush the tables. 225.It Fl F Cm osfp 226Flush the passive operating system fingerprints. 227.It Fl F Cm all 228Flush all of the above. 229.El 230.It Fl f Ar file 231Load the rules contained in 232.Ar file . 233This 234.Ar file 235may contain macros, tables, options, and normalization, queueing, 236translation, and filtering rules. 237With the exception of macros and tables, the statements must appear in that 238order. 239.It Fl g 240Include output helpful for debugging. 241.It Fl h 242Help. 243.It Fl i Ar interface 244Restrict the operation to the given 245.Ar interface . 246.It Fl K Ar host | network 247Kill all of the source tracking entries originating from the specified 248.Ar host 249or 250.Ar network . 251A second 252.Fl K Ar host 253or 254.Fl K Ar network 255option may be specified, which will kill all the source tracking 256entries from the first host/network to the second. 257.It Xo 258.Fl k 259.Ar host | network | label | id 260.Xc 261Kill all of the state entries matching the specified 262.Ar host , 263.Ar network , 264.Ar label , 265or 266.Ar id . 267.Pp 268For example, to kill all of the state entries originating from 269.Dq host : 270.Pp 271.Dl # pfctl -k host 272.Pp 273A second 274.Fl k Ar host 275or 276.Fl k Ar network 277option may be specified, which will kill all the state entries 278from the first host/network to the second. 279To kill all of the state entries from 280.Dq host1 281to 282.Dq host2 : 283.Pp 284.Dl # pfctl -k host1 -k host2 285.Pp 286To kill all states originating from 192.168.1.0/24 to 172.16.0.0/16: 287.Pp 288.Dl # pfctl -k 192.168.1.0/24 -k 172.16.0.0/16 289.Pp 290A network prefix length of 0 can be used as a wildcard. 291To kill all states with the target 292.Dq host2 : 293.Pp 294.Dl # pfctl -k 0.0.0.0/0 -k host2 295.Pp 296It is also possible to kill states by rule label or state ID. 297In this mode the first 298.Fl k 299argument is used to specify the type 300of the second argument. 301The following command would kill all states that have been created 302from rules carrying the label 303.Dq foobar : 304.Pp 305.Dl # pfctl -k label -k foobar 306.Pp 307To kill one specific state by its unique state ID 308(as shown by pfctl -s state -vv), 309use the 310.Ar id 311modifier and as a second argument the state ID and optional creator ID. 312To kill a state with ID 4823e84500000003 use: 313.Pp 314.Dl # pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000003 315.Pp 316To kill a state with ID 4823e84500000018 created from a backup 317firewall with hostid 00000002 use: 318.Pp 319.Dl # pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000018/2 320.Pp 321.It Fl m 322Merge in explicitly given options without resetting those 323which are omitted. 324Allows single options to be modified without disturbing the others: 325.Bd -literal -offset indent 326# echo "set loginterface fxp0" | pfctl -mf - 327.Ed 328.It Fl N 329Load only the NAT rules present in the rule file. 330Other rules and options are ignored. 331.It Fl n 332Do not actually load rules, just parse them. 333.It Fl O 334Load only the options present in the rule file. 335Other rules and options are ignored. 336.It Fl o Ar level 337Control the ruleset optimizer, overriding any rule file settings. 338.Pp 339.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact 340.It Fl o Cm none 341Disable the ruleset optimizer. 342.It Fl o Cm basic 343Enable basic ruleset optimizations. 344This is the default behaviour. 345.It Fl o Cm profile 346Enable basic ruleset optimizations with profiling. 347.El 348For further information on the ruleset optimizer, see 349.Xr pf.conf 5 . 350.It Fl P 351Do not perform service name lookup for port specific rules, 352instead display the ports numerically. 353.It Fl p Ar device 354Use the device file 355.Ar device 356instead of the default 357.Pa /dev/pf . 358.It Fl q 359Only print errors and warnings. 360.It Fl R 361Load only the filter rules present in the rule file. 362Other rules and options are ignored. 363.It Fl r 364Perform reverse DNS lookups on states when displaying them. 365.It Fl s Ar modifier 366Show the filter parameters specified by 367.Ar modifier 368(may be abbreviated): 369.Pp 370.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxxx -compact 371.It Fl s Cm nat 372Show the currently loaded NAT rules. 373.It Fl s Cm queue 374Show the currently loaded queue rules. 375When used together with 376.Fl v , 377per-queue statistics are also shown. 378When used together with 379.Fl v v , 380.Nm 381will loop and show updated queue statistics every five seconds, including 382measured bandwidth and packets per second. 383.It Fl s Cm rules 384Show the currently loaded filter rules. 385When used together with 386.Fl v , 387the per-rule statistics (number of evaluations, 388packets and bytes) are also shown. 389Note that the 390.Dq skip step 391optimization done automatically by the kernel 392will skip evaluation of rules where possible. 393Packets passed statefully are counted in the rule that created the state 394(even though the rule isn't evaluated more than once for the entire 395connection). 396.It Fl s Cm Anchors 397Show the currently loaded anchors directly attached to the main ruleset. 398If 399.Fl a Ar anchor 400is specified as well, the anchors loaded directly below the given 401.Ar anchor 402are shown instead. 403If 404.Fl v 405is specified, all anchors attached under the target anchor will be 406displayed recursively. 407.It Fl s Cm states 408Show the contents of the state table. 409.It Fl s Cm Sources 410Show the contents of the source tracking table. 411.It Fl s Cm info 412Show filter information (statistics and counters). 413When used together with 414.Fl v , 415source tracking statistics are also shown. 416.It Fl s Cm labels 417Show per-rule statistics (label, evaluations, packets total, bytes total, 418packets in, bytes in, packets out, bytes out, state creations) of 419filter rules with labels, useful for accounting. 420.It Fl s Cm timeouts 421Show the current global timeouts. 422.It Fl s Cm memory 423Show the current pool memory hard limits. 424.It Fl s Cm Tables 425Show the list of tables. 426.It Fl s Cm osfp 427Show the list of operating system fingerprints. 428.It Fl s Cm Interfaces 429Show the list of interfaces and interface drivers available to PF. 430When used together with 431.Fl v , 432it additionally lists which interfaces have skip rules activated. 433When used together with 434.Fl vv , 435interface statistics are also shown. 436.Fl i 437can be used to select an interface or a group of interfaces. 438.It Fl s Cm all 439Show all of the above, except for the lists of interfaces and operating 440system fingerprints. 441.El 442.It Fl T Ar command Op Ar address ... 443Specify the 444.Ar command 445(may be abbreviated) to apply to the table. 446Commands include: 447.Pp 448.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact 449.It Fl T Cm kill 450Kill a table. 451.It Fl T Cm flush 452Flush all addresses of a table. 453.It Fl T Cm add 454Add one or more addresses in a table. 455Automatically create a nonexisting table. 456.It Fl T Cm delete 457Delete one or more addresses from a table. 458.It Fl T Cm expire Ar number 459Delete addresses which had their statistics cleared more than 460.Ar number 461seconds ago. 462For entries which have never had their statistics cleared, 463.Ar number 464refers to the time they were added to the table. 465.It Fl T Cm replace 466Replace the addresses of the table. 467Automatically create a nonexisting table. 468.It Fl T Cm show 469Show the content (addresses) of a table. 470.It Fl T Cm test 471Test if the given addresses match a table. 472.It Fl T Cm zero 473Clear all the statistics of a table. 474.It Fl T Cm load 475Load only the table definitions from 476.Xr pf.conf 5 . 477This is used in conjunction with the 478.Fl f 479flag, as in: 480.Bd -literal -offset indent 481# pfctl -Tl -f pf.conf 482.Ed 483.El 484.Pp 485For the 486.Cm add , 487.Cm delete , 488.Cm replace , 489and 490.Cm test 491commands, the list of addresses can be specified either directly on the command 492line and/or in an unformatted text file, using the 493.Fl f 494flag. 495Comments starting with a 496.Sq # 497are allowed in the text file. 498With these commands, the 499.Fl v 500flag can also be used once or twice, in which case 501.Nm 502will print the 503detailed result of the operation for each individual address, prefixed by 504one of the following letters: 505.Pp 506.Bl -tag -width XXX -compact 507.It A 508The address/network has been added. 509.It C 510The address/network has been changed (negated). 511.It D 512The address/network has been deleted. 513.It M 514The address matches 515.Po 516.Cm test 517operation only 518.Pc . 519.It X 520The address/network is duplicated and therefore ignored. 521.It Y 522The address/network cannot be added/deleted due to conflicting 523.Sq \&! 524attributes. 525.It Z 526The address/network has been cleared (statistics). 527.El 528.Pp 529Each table can maintain a set of counters that can be retrieved using the 530.Fl v 531flag of 532.Nm . 533For example, the following commands define a wide open firewall which will keep 534track of packets going to or coming from the 535.Ox 536FTP server. 537The following commands configure the firewall and send 10 pings to the FTP 538server: 539.Bd -literal -offset indent 540# printf "table <test> counters { ftp.openbsd.org }\en \e 541 pass out to <test>\en" | pfctl -f- 542# ping -qc10 ftp.openbsd.org 543.Ed 544.Pp 545We can now use the table 546.Cm show 547command to output, for each address and packet direction, the number of packets 548and bytes that are being passed or blocked by rules referencing the table. 549The time at which the current accounting started is also shown with the 550.Dq Cleared 551line. 552.Bd -literal -offset indent 553# pfctl -t test -vTshow 554 129.128.5.191 555 Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003 556 In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 557 In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ] 558 Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 559 Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ] 560.Ed 561.Pp 562Similarly, it is possible to view global information about the tables 563by using the 564.Fl v 565modifier twice and the 566.Fl s 567.Cm Tables 568command. 569This will display the number of addresses on each table, 570the number of rules which reference the table, and the global 571packet statistics for the whole table: 572.Bd -literal -offset indent 573# pfctl -vvsTables 574--a-r-C test 575 Addresses: 1 576 Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003 577 References: [ Anchors: 0 Rules: 1 ] 578 Evaluations: [ NoMatch: 3496 Match: 1 ] 579 In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 580 In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ] 581 In/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 582 Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 583 Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ] 584 Out/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ] 585.Ed 586.Pp 587As we can see here, only one packet \- the initial ping request \- matched the 588table, but all packets passing as the result of the state are correctly 589accounted for. 590Reloading the table(s) or ruleset will not affect packet accounting in any way. 591The two 592.Dq XPass 593counters are incremented instead of the 594.Dq Pass 595counters when a 596.Dq stateful 597packet is passed but doesn't match the table anymore. 598This will happen in our example if someone flushes the table while the 599.Xr ping 8 600command is running. 601.Pp 602When used with a single 603.Fl v , 604.Nm 605will only display the first line containing the table flags and name. 606The flags are defined as follows: 607.Pp 608.Bl -tag -width XXX -compact 609.It c 610For constant tables, which cannot be altered outside 611.Xr pf.conf 5 . 612.It p 613For persistent tables, which don't get automatically killed when no rules 614refer to them. 615.It a 616For tables which are part of the 617.Em active 618tableset. 619Tables without this flag do not really exist, cannot contain addresses, and are 620only listed if the 621.Fl g 622flag is given. 623.It i 624For tables which are part of the 625.Em inactive 626tableset. 627This flag can only be witnessed briefly during the loading of 628.Xr pf.conf 5 . 629.It r 630For tables which are referenced (used) by rules. 631.It h 632This flag is set when a table in the main ruleset is hidden by one or more 633tables of the same name from anchors attached below it. 634.It C 635This flag is set when per-address counters are enabled on the table. 636.El 637.It Fl t Ar table 638Specify the name of the table. 639.It Fl v 640Produce more verbose output. 641A second use of 642.Fl v 643will produce even more verbose output including ruleset warnings. 644See the previous section for its effect on table commands. 645.It Fl x Ar level 646Set the debug 647.Ar level 648(may be abbreviated) to one of the following: 649.Pp 650.Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -compact 651.It Fl x Cm none 652Don't generate debug messages. 653.It Fl x Cm urgent 654Generate debug messages only for serious errors. 655.It Fl x Cm misc 656Generate debug messages for various errors. 657.It Fl x Cm loud 658Generate debug messages for common conditions. 659.El 660.It Fl z 661Clear per-rule statistics. 662.El 663.Sh FILES 664.Bl -tag -width "/etc/pf.conf" -compact 665.It Pa /etc/pf.conf 666Packet filter rules file. 667.It Pa /etc/pf.os 668Passive operating system fingerprint database. 669.El 670.Sh SEE ALSO 671.Xr pf 4 , 672.Xr pf.conf 5 , 673.Xr pf.os 5 , 674.Xr rc.conf 5 , 675.Xr services 5 , 676.Xr sysctl.conf 5 , 677.Xr authpf 8 , 678.Xr ftp-proxy 8 , 679.Xr rc 8 , 680.Xr sysctl 8 681.Sh HISTORY 682The 683.Nm 684program and the 685.Xr pf 4 686filter mechanism first appeared in 687.Ox 3.0 . 688