sbin/nvmecontrol/nvmecontrol.8

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.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" nvmecontrol man page.
.\"
.\" Author: Jim Harris <jimharris@FreeBSD.org>
.\"
.Dd April 17, 2024
.Dt NVMECONTROL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm nvmecontrol
.Nd NVM Express control utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Ic devlist
.Op Fl h
.Nm
.Ic identify
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl x
.Op Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Ar device-id | Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic perftest
.Aq Fl n Ar num_threads
.Aq Fl o Ar read|write
.Op Fl p
.Aq Fl s Ar size_in_bytes
.Aq Fl t Ar time_in_sec
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic reset
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic logpage
.Aq Fl p Ar page_id
.Op Fl x
.Op Fl v Ar vendor-string
.Op Fl b
.Op Fl f Ar LSP
.Op Fl i Ar LSI
.Op Fl r
.Aq Ar device-id | Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic ns active
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns allocated
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns attach
.Aq Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Fl c Ar cntid
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns attached
.Aq Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns controllers
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns create
.Aq Fl s Ar nsze
.Op Fl c Ar ncap
.Op Fl f Ar lbaf
.Op Fl m Ar mset
.Op Fl n Ar nmic
.Op Fl p Ar pi
.Op Fl l Ar pil
.Op Fl L Ar flbas
.Op Fl d Ar dps
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns delete
.Aq Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns detach
.Aq Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Fl c Ar cntid
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic ns identify
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl x
.Aq Fl n Ar nsid
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic nsid
.Aq Ar device-id | Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic resv acquire
.Aq Fl c Ar crkey
.Op Fl p Ar prkey
.Aq Fl t Ar rtype
.Aq Fl a Ar racqa
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic resv register
.Op Fl i
.Op Fl c Ar crkey
.Aq Fl k Ar nrkey
.Aq Fl r Ar rrega
.Op Fl p Ar cptpl
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic resv release
.Aq Fl c Ar crkey
.Aq Fl t Ar rtype
.Aq Fl a Ar rrela
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic resv report
.Op Fl e
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl x
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic firmware
.Op Fl s Ar slot
.Op Fl f Ar path_to_firmware
.Op Fl a
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic format
.Op Fl f Ar fmt
.Op Fl m Ar mset
.Op Fl p Ar pi
.Op Fl l Ar pil
.Op Fl E
.Op Fl C
.Aq Ar device-id | Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic sanitize
.Aq Fl a Ar sanact
.Op Fl c Ar owpass
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl p Ar ovrpat
.Op Fl r
.Op Fl I
.Op Fl U
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic power
.Op Fl l
.Op Fl p power_state
.Op Fl w workload_hint
.Nm
.Ic selftest
.Aq Fl c Ar code
.Aq Ar device-id | Ar namespace-id
.Nm
.Ic wdc cap-diag
.Op Fl o path_template
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic wdc drive-log
.Op Fl o path_template
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic wdc get-crash-dump
.Op Fl o path_template
.Aq Ar device-id
.\" .Nm
.\" .Ic wdc purge
.\" .Aq device-id
.\" .Nm
.\" .Ic wdc purge-monitor
.\" .Aq device-id
.Nm
.Ic admin-passthru
.Op args
.Aq Ar device-id
.Nm
.Ic io-passthru
.Op args
.Aq Ar namespace-id
.Sh DESCRIPTION
NVM Express (NVMe) is a storage protocol standard, for SSDs and other
high-speed storage devices over PCI Express.
.Ss devlist
List all NVMe controllers and namespaces along with their device nodes.
With the
.Fl h
argument, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kibibyte, Mebibyte, Gibibyte, Tebibyte
and Pebibyte (based on powers of 1024) when showing the disk space.
By default, uses Mebibyte.
.Ss identify
The identify commands reports information from the drive's
.Dv IDENTIFY_CONTROLLER
if a
.Ar device-id
is specified.
It reports
.Dv IDENTIFY_NAMESPACE
data if a
.Ar namespace-id
is specified.
When used with disk names, the
.Dv IDENTIFY_NAMESPACE
data is reported, unless the namespace
.Ar nsid
is overridden with the
.Fl n
flag.
Then that namespace's data is reported, if it exists.
The command accepts the following parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl n
The namespace
.Aq nsid
to use instead of the namespace associated with the device.
A
.Ar nsid
of
.Dq 0
is used to retrieve the
.Dv IDENTIFY_CONTROLLER
data associated with that drive.
.El
.Ss logpage
The logpage command knows how to print log pages of various types.
It also knows about vendor specific log pages from hgst/wdc, samsung and intel.
Note that some vendors use the same log page numbers for different data.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width "Page 0x00"
.It Dv Page 0x01
Drive Error Log
.It Dv Page 0x02
Health/SMART Data
.It Dv Page 0x03
Firmware Information
.It Dv Page 0x04
Changed Namespace List
.It Dv Page 0x05
Commands Supported and Effects
.It Dv Page 0x06
Device Self-test
.It Dv Page 0x80
Reservation Notification
.It Dv Page 0x81
Sanitize Status
.It Dv Page 0xc1
Advanced SMART information (WDC/HGST)
.It Dv Page 0xc1
Read latency stats (Intel)
.It Dv Page 0xc2
Wite latency stats (Intel)
.It Dv Page 0xc5
Temperature stats (Intel)
.It Dv Page 0xca
Advanced SMART information (Intel)
.It Dv Page 0xca
Extended SMART information (Samsung)
.El
.Pp
Specifying
.Fl v
.Ic help
will list all valid vendors and pages.
.Fl x
will print the page as hex.
.Fl b
will print the binary data for the page.
.Fl s
will set Log Specific Field.
.Fl i
will set Log Specific Identifier.
.Fl r
will set Retain Asynchronous Event.
.Ss ns
Various namespace management commands.
If namespace management is supported by device, allow list, create and delete
namespaces, list, attach and detach controllers to namespaces.
Each NVM device consists of one or more NVM subsystems.
Each NVM subsystem has one or more NVM ports.
Each NVM port is attached to one or more NVM controllers (though typically 1).
Each NVM controller is attached to one or more namespaces.
.Pp
After a namespace is created, it is considered
.Dq allocated .
All namespaces that have not been created are unallocated.
An allocated namespace may be active or inactive.
An active namespace is attached to the controller and may be interacted with.
A namespace can move from active to inactive when detached.
An allocated namespace may be deleted to become unallocated.
For more details on the nuances of NVM namespaces, please see section 2
.Em Theory of Operation
and section 3
.Em NVM Express Architecture
of the latest NVM standard.
.Ss ns active
Provide a list of active namespace identifiers for the givne NVM controller.
.Ss ns allocated
Provide a list of allocated namespace identifiers for the givne NVM controller.
.Ss ns attach
Attach an nsid to a controller.
The primary controller is used if one is not specified.
.Ss ns attached
Provide a list of controllers attached to a nsid.
If only a nvme controller argument is provided, a nsid must also be specified.
.Ss ns controllers
Provide a list of all controllers in the NVM subsystem.
.Ss ns create
Creates a new namespace.
.Ss ns delete
Delete a namespace.
It must be currently inactive.
.Ss ns detach
Detach a namespace from a controller.
The namespace will become inaccessible, but its contents will remain if it is
.Em activated
again.
.Ss ns identify
Print detailed information about the namespace.
.Ss nsid
Reports the namespace id and controller device associated with the
.Aq Ar namespace-id
or
.Aq Ar device-id
argument.
.Ss resv acquire
Acquire or preempt namespace reservation, using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl a
Acquire action:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
Acquire
.It Dv 1
Preempt
.It Dv 2
Preempt and abort
.El
.It Fl c
Current reservation key.
.It Fl p
Preempt reservation key.
.It Fl t
Reservation type:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 1
Write Exclusive
.It Dv 2
Exclusive Access
.It Dv 3
Write Exclusive - Registrants Only
.It Dv 4
Exclusive Access - Registrants Only
.It Dv 5
Write Exclusive - All Registrants
.It Dv 6
Exclusive Access - All Registrants
.El
.El
.Ss resv register
Register, unregister or replace reservation key, using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl c
Current reservation key.
.It Fl k
New reservation key.
.It Fl r
Register action:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
Register
.It Dv 1
Unregister
.It Dv 2
Replace
.El
.It Fl i
Ignore Existing Key
.It Fl p
Change Persist Through Power Loss State:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
No change to PTPL state
.It Dv 2
Set PTPL state to ‘0’.
Reservations are released and registrants are cleared on a power on.
.It Dv 3
Set PTPL state to ‘1’.
Reservations and registrants persist across a power loss.
.El
.El
.Ss resv release
Release or clear reservation, using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl c
Current reservation key.
.It Fl t
Reservation type.
.It Fl a
Release action:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
Release
.It Dv 1
Clean
.El
.El
.Ss resv report
Print reservation status, using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl x
Print reservation status in hex.
.It Fl e
Use Extended Data Structure.
.El
.Ss format
Format either specified namespace, or all namespaces of specified controller,
using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 8n
.It Fl f Ar fmt
The index
.Ar fmt
of the parameters to use.
LBA Format #, as specified in the identification of the namespace using
.Dq nvmecontrol identify
command with a namespace specified maps this index into these parameters.
.It Fl m Ar mset
Metadata Setting.
.Ar mset
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
do not transfer metadata with LBA information
.It Dv 1
Transfer the metadata as part of the extended LBA information.
.El
.It Fl p Ar pi
Protection Information.
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
Protection Information not enabled.
.It Dv 1
Type 1 information protection enabled.
.It Dv 2
Type 2 information protection enabled.
.It Dv 3
Type 3 information protection enabled.
.El
.It Fl l Ar pil
Protection Information Location.
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0
Transfer the protection metadata as the last N bytes of the transfer.
.It Dv 1
Transfer the protection metadata as the first N bytes of the transfer.
.El
.It Fl E
Enables User Data Erase during format.
All users data is erased and subsequent reads are indeterminate.
The drive may implement this as a cryptographic erase or it may
physically erase the underlying media.
.It Fl C
Enables Cryptographic Erase during format.
All user data is erased  cryptographically by deleting the encryption key,
rendering it unintelligible.
.El
.Pp
When formatting specific namespace, existing values are used as defaults.
When formatting all namespaces, all parameters should be specified.
Some controllers may not support formatting or erasing specific or all
namespaces.
The
.Xr nvme 4
driver does not currently support metadata and protection information
transfers.
.Ss sanitize
Sanitize NVM subsystem of specified controller,
using specified parameters:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl a Ar operation
Specify the sanitize operation to perform.
.Bl -tag -width 16n
.It overwrite
Perform an overwrite operation by writing a user supplied
data pattern to the device one or more times.
The pattern is given by the
.Fl p
argument.
The number of times is given by the
.Fl c
argument.
.It block
Perform a block erase operation.
All the device's blocks are set to a vendor defined
value, typically zero.
.It crypto
Perform a cryptographic erase operation.
The encryption keys are changed to prevent the decryption
of the data.
.It exitfailure
Exits a previously failed sanitize operation.
A failed sanitize operation can only be exited if it was
run in the unrestricted completion mode, as provided by the
.Fl U
argument.
.El
.It Fl c Ar passes
The number of passes when performing an
.Sq overwrite
operation.
Valid values are between 1 and 16.
The default is 1.
.It Fl d
No Deallocate After Sanitize.
.It Fl I
When performing an
.Sq overwrite
operation, the pattern is inverted between consecutive passes.
.It Fl p Ar pattern
32 bits of pattern to use when performing an
.Sq overwrite
operation.
The pattern is repeated as needed to fill each block.
.It Fl U
Perform the sanitize in the unrestricted completion mode.
If the operation fails, it can later be exited with the
.Sq exitfailure
operation.
.It Fl r
Run in
.Dq report only
mode.
This will report status on a sanitize that is already running on the drive.
.El
.Ss power
Manage the power modes of the NVMe controller.
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl l
List all supported power modes.
.It Fl p Ar mode
Set the power mode to
.Ar mode .
This must be a mode listed with the
.Dl nvmecontrol power -l
command.
.It Fl w Ar hint
Set the workload hint for automatic power mode control.
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It 0
No workload hint is provided.
.It 1
Extended idle period workload.
The device is often idle for minutes at a time.
A burst of write commands comes in over a period of seconds.
Then the device returns to being idle.
.It 2
Heavy sequential writes.
A huge number of sequential writes will be submitted, filling the submission queues.
.It Other
All other values are reserved and have no standard meaning.
.El
Please see the
.Dq NVM Subsystem Workloads
section of the relevant NVM Express Base Standard for details.
.El
.Ss selftest
Start the specified device self-test:
.Bl -tag -width 6n
.It Fl c Ar code
Specify the device self-test command code.
Common codes are:
.Bl -tag -compact -width 6n
.It Dv 0x1
Start a short device self-test operation
.It Dv 0x2
Start an extended device self-test operation
.It Dv 0xe
Start a vendor specific device self-test operation
.It Dv 0xf
Abort the device self-test operation
.El
.El
.Ss wdc
The various wdc command retrieve log data from the wdc/hgst drives.
The
.Fl o
flag specifies a path template to use to output the files.
Each file takes the path template (which defaults to nothing), appends
the drive's serial number and the type of dump it is followed
by .bin.
These logs must be sent to the vendor for analysis.
This tool only provides a way to extract them.
.Ss passthru
The
.Dq admin-passthru
and
.Dq io-passthru
commands send NVMe commands to
either the administrative or the data part of the device.
These commands are expected to be compatible with nvme-cli.
Please see the NVM Express Base Standard for details.
.Bl -tag -width 16n
.It Fl o -opcode Ar opcode
Opcode to send.
.It Fl 2 -cdw2 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW2.
.It Fl 3 -cdw3 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW3.
.It Fl 4 -cdw10 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW10.
.It Fl 5 -cdw11 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW11.
.It Fl 6 -cdw12 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW12.
.It Fl 7 -cdw13 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW13.
.It Fl 8 -cdw14 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW14.
.It Fl 9 -cdw15 Ar value
32-bit value for CDW15.
.It Fl l -data-len
Length of the data for I/O (bytes).
.It Fl m -metadata-len
Length of the metadata segment for command (bytes).
This is ignored and not implemented in
.Xr nvme 4 .
.It Fl f -flags
Nvme command flags.
.It Fl n -namespace-id
Namespace ID for command (Ignored).
.It Fl p -prefill
Value to prefill payload with.
.It Fl b -raw-binary
Output in binary format (otherwise a hex dump is produced).
.It Fl d -dry-run
Do not actually execute the command, but perform sanity checks on it.
.It Fl r -read
Command reads data from the device.
.It Fl s -show-command
Show all the command values on stdout.
.It Fl w -write
Command writes data to the device.
.El
.Pp
Send arbitrary commands to the device.
Can be used to extract vendor specific logs.
Transfers to/from the device possible, but limited to
.Dv MAXPHYS
bytes.
Commands either read data or write it, but not both.
Commands needing metadata are not supported by the
.Xr nvme 4
drive.
.Sh DEVICE NAMES
Where
.Aq Ar namespace-id
is required, you can use either the
.Pa nvmeXnsY
device, or the disk device such as
.Pa ndaZ
or
.Pa nvdZ .
The leading
.Pa /dev/
is omitted.
Where
.Aq Ar device-id
is required, you can use either the
.Pa nvmeX
device, or the disk device such as
.Pa ndaZ
or
.Pa nvdZ .
For commands that take an optional
.Aq nsid
you can use it to get information on other namespaces, or to query the
drive itself.
A
.Aq nsid
of
.Dq 0
means query the drive itself.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Dl nvmecontrol devlist
.Pp
Display a list of NVMe controllers and namespaces along with their device nodes.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol identify nvme0
.Dl nvmecontrol identify -n 0 nvd0
.Pp
Display a human-readable summary of the nvme0
.Dv IDENTIFY_CONTROLLER
data.
In this example, nvd0 is connected to nvme0.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol identify -x -v nvme0ns1
.Dl nvmecontrol identify -x -v -n 1 nvme0
.Pp
Display an hexadecimal dump of the nvme0
.Dv IDENTIFY_NAMESPACE
data for namespace 1.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol perftest -n 32 -o read -s 512 -t 30 nvme0ns1
.Pp
Run a performance test on nvme0ns1 using 32 kernel threads for 30 seconds.
Each thread will issue a single 512 byte read command.
Results are printed to stdout when 30 seconds expires.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol reset nvme0
.Dl nvmecontrol reset nda4
.Pp
Perform a controller-level reset of the nvme0 controller.
In this example, nda4 is wired to nvme0.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol logpage -p 1 nvme0
.Pp
Display a human-readable summary of the nvme0 controller's Error Information Log.
Log pages defined by the NVMe specification include Error Information Log (ID=1),
SMART/Health Information Log (ID=2), and Firmware Slot Log (ID=3).
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol logpage -p 0xc1 -v wdc nvme0
.Pp
Display a human-readable summary of the nvme0's wdc-specific advanced
SMART data.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol logpage -p 1 -x nvme0
.Pp
Display a hexadecimal dump of the nvme0 controller's Error Information Log.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol logpage -p 0xcb -b nvme0 > /tmp/page-cb.bin
.Pp
Print the contents of vendor specific page 0xcb as binary data on
standard out.
Redirect it to a temporary file.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol firmware -s 2 -f /tmp/nvme_firmware nvme0
.Pp
Download the firmware image contained in "/tmp/nvme_firmware" to slot 2 of the
nvme0 controller, but do not activate the image.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol firmware -s 4 -a nvme0
.Pp
Activate the firmware in slot 4 of the nvme0 controller on the next reset.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol firmware -s 7 -f /tmp/nvme_firmware -a nvme0
.Pp
Download the firmware image contained in "/tmp/nvme_firmware" to slot 7 of the
nvme0 controller and activate it on the next reset.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol power -l nvme0
.Pp
List all the current power modes.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol power -p 3 nvme0
.Pp
Set the current power mode.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol power nvme0
.Pp
Get the current power mode.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol identify -n 0 nda0
.Pp
Identify the drive data associated with the
.Pa nda0
device.
The corresponding
.Pa nvmeX
devices is used automatically.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol identify nda0
.Pp
Get the namespace parameters associated with the
.Pa nda0
device.
The corresponding
.Pa nvmeXnsY
device is used automatically.
.Pp
.Dl nvmecontrol format -f 2 -m 0 -p 0 -l 0 -C nvme2
.Pp
Format all the name spaces on nvme2 using parameters from
.Dq LBA Format #2
with no metadata or protection data using cryptographic erase.
If the
.Dq nvmecontrol identify -n 1 nvme2
command ended with
.Pp
.Bl -verbatim
LBA Format #00: Data Size:   512  Metadata Size:     0  Performance: Good
LBA Format #01: Data Size:   512  Metadata Size:     8  Performance: Good
LBA Format #02: Data Size:  4096  Metadata Size:     0  Performance: Good
LBA Format #03: Data Size:  4096  Metadata Size:     8  Performance: Good
LBA Format #04: Data Size:  4096  Metadata Size:    64  Performance: Good
.El
.Pp
then this would give a 4k data format for at least namespace 1, with no
metadata.
.Pp
.Sh DYNAMIC LOADING
The directories
.Pa /lib/nvmecontrol
and
.Pa /usr/local/lib/nvmecontrol
are scanned for any .so files.
These files are loaded.
The members of the
.Va top
linker set are added to the top-level commands.
The members of the
.Va logpage
linker set are added to the logpage parsers.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Rs
.%T The NVM Express Base Specification
.%D June 10, 2019
.%U https://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/NVM-Express-1_4-2019.06.10-Ratified.pdf
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Fx 9.2 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
.Nm
was developed by Intel and originally written by
.An Jim Harris Aq Mt jimharris@FreeBSD.org .
.Pp
This man page was written by
.An Jim Harris Aq Mt jimharris@FreeBSD.org .