1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 35 #include <sys/disk.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/time.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <stdio.h> 48 #include <stdlib.h> 49 #include <string.h> 50 #include <time.h> 51 #include <unistd.h> 52 53 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 54 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 55 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 56 57 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 58 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 59 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 60 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 61 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 62 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 63 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 64 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 65 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 66 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 67 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 71 72 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 74 MINCLS32) 75 76 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 78 MAXCLS32) 79 80 #define mk1(p, x) \ 81 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 82 83 #define mk2(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 86 87 #define mk4(p, x) \ 88 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 89 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 90 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 91 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 92 93 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 94 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 95 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 96 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 97 98 struct bs { 99 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 100 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 101 }; 102 103 struct bsbpb { 104 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 105 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 106 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 107 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 108 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 109 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 110 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 111 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 112 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 113 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 114 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 115 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 116 }; 117 118 struct bsxbpb { 119 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 120 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 121 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 122 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 123 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 124 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 125 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 126 }; 127 128 struct bsx { 129 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 130 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 131 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 132 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 133 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 134 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 135 }; 136 137 struct de { 138 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 139 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 140 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 141 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 142 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 143 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 144 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 145 }; 146 147 struct bpb { 148 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 149 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 150 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 151 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 152 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 153 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 154 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 155 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 157 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 158 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 159 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 160 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 161 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 162 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 163 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 164 }; 165 166 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 167 168 static struct { 169 const char *name; 170 struct bpb bpb; 171 } const stdfmt[] = { 172 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 182 }; 183 184 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 185 0xfa, /* cli */ 186 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 187 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 188 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 189 0xfb, /* sti */ 190 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 191 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 192 0x5e, /* pop si */ 193 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 194 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 195 0xfc, /* cld */ 196 0xac, /* lodsb */ 197 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 198 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 199 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 200 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 201 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 202 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 203 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 204 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 205 0x0d, 0x0a, 206 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 207 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 208 0x0d, 0x0a, 209 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 210 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 211 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 212 0x0d, 0x0a, 213 0 214 }; 215 216 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 217 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 218 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 219 struct bpb *); 220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 221 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 222 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 223 static off_t argtooff(const char *, const char *); 224 static int oklabel(const char *); 225 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 226 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 227 static void usage(void); 228 229 /* 230 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 231 */ 232 int 233 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 234 { 235 static const char opts[] = "@:NB:C:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 236 const char *opt_B = NULL, *opt_L = NULL, *opt_O = NULL, *opt_f = NULL; 237 u_int opt_F = 0, opt_I = 0, opt_S = 0, opt_a = 0, opt_b = 0, opt_c = 0; 238 u_int opt_e = 0, opt_h = 0, opt_i = 0, opt_k = 0, opt_m = 0, opt_n = 0; 239 u_int opt_o = 0, opt_r = 0, opt_s = 0, opt_u = 0; 240 int opt_N = 0; 241 int Iflag = 0, mflag = 0, oflag = 0; 242 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 243 struct stat sb; 244 struct timeval tv; 245 struct bpb bpb; 246 struct tm *tm; 247 struct bs *bs; 248 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 249 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 250 struct bsx *bsx; 251 struct de *de; 252 u_int8_t *img; 253 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 254 ssize_t n; 255 time_t now; 256 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 257 int ch, fd, fd1; 258 off_t opt_create = 0, opt_ofs = 0; 259 260 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 261 switch (ch) { 262 case '@': 263 opt_ofs = argtooff(optarg, "offset"); 264 break; 265 case 'N': 266 opt_N = 1; 267 break; 268 case 'B': 269 opt_B = optarg; 270 break; 271 case 'C': 272 opt_create = argtooff(optarg, "create size"); 273 break; 274 case 'F': 275 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 276 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 277 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 278 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 279 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'I': 282 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 283 Iflag = 1; 284 break; 285 case 'L': 286 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 287 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 288 opt_L = optarg; 289 break; 290 case 'O': 291 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 292 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 293 opt_O = optarg; 294 break; 295 case 'S': 296 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 297 break; 298 case 'a': 299 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 300 break; 301 case 'b': 302 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 303 opt_c = 0; 304 break; 305 case 'c': 306 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 307 opt_b = 0; 308 break; 309 case 'e': 310 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 311 break; 312 case 'f': 313 opt_f = optarg; 314 break; 315 case 'h': 316 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 317 break; 318 case 'i': 319 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 320 break; 321 case 'k': 322 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 323 break; 324 case 'm': 325 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 326 mflag = 1; 327 break; 328 case 'n': 329 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 330 break; 331 case 'o': 332 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 333 oflag = 1; 334 break; 335 case 'r': 336 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 337 break; 338 case 's': 339 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 340 break; 341 case 'u': 342 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 343 break; 344 default: 345 usage(); 346 } 347 argc -= optind; 348 argv += optind; 349 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 350 usage(); 351 fname = *argv++; 352 if (!opt_create && !strchr(fname, '/')) { 353 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 354 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 355 err(1, NULL); 356 } 357 dtype = *argv; 358 if (opt_create) { 359 if (opt_N) 360 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 361 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 362 if (fd == -1) 363 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 364 if (ftruncate(fd, opt_create)) 365 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)opt_create); 366 } else if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 367 err(1, "%s", fname); 368 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 369 err(1, "%s", fname); 370 if (opt_create) { 371 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 372 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 373 } else { 374 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 375 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 376 } 377 if (!opt_N) 378 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 379 if (opt_ofs && opt_ofs != lseek(fd, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 380 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)opt_ofs); 381 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 382 if (opt_f) { 383 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 384 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 385 bpb.sec = 0; 386 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 387 bpb.spf = 0; 388 } 389 if (opt_h) 390 bpb.hds = opt_h; 391 if (opt_u) 392 bpb.spt = opt_u; 393 if (opt_S) 394 bpb.bps = opt_S; 395 if (opt_s) 396 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 397 if (oflag) 398 bpb.hid = opt_o; 399 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) { 400 off_t delta; 401 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 402 bpb.bsec -= (opt_ofs / bpb.bps); 403 delta = bpb.bsec % bpb.spt; 404 if (delta != 0) { 405 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 406 (int)delta, bpb.spt); 407 bpb.bsec -= delta; 408 } 409 if (bpb.spc == 0) { /* set defaults */ 410 if (bpb.bsec <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 411 bpb.spc = 1; 412 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 413 bpb.spc = 8; 414 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 415 bpb.spc = 16; 416 else if (bpb.bsec <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 417 bpb.spc = 32; 418 else 419 bpb.spc = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 420 } 421 } 422 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 423 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 424 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 425 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 426 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 427 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 428 if (opt_f) 429 fat = 12; 430 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 431 fat = 32; 432 } 433 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 434 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 435 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 436 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 437 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 438 bpb.rde = 0; 439 if (opt_b) { 440 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 441 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 442 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 443 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 444 opt_b, bpb.bps); 445 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 446 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 447 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 448 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 449 } 450 if (opt_c) { 451 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 452 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 453 bpb.spc = opt_c; 454 } 455 if (opt_r) 456 bpb.res = opt_r; 457 if (opt_n) { 458 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 459 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 460 opt_n, MAXNFT); 461 bpb.nft = opt_n; 462 } 463 if (opt_e) 464 bpb.rde = opt_e; 465 if (mflag) { 466 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 467 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 468 bpb.mid = opt_m; 469 } 470 if (opt_a) 471 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 472 if (opt_i) 473 bpb.infs = opt_i; 474 if (opt_k) 475 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 476 bss = 1; 477 bname = NULL; 478 fd1 = -1; 479 if (opt_B) { 480 bname = opt_B; 481 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 482 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 483 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 484 err(1, NULL); 485 } 486 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 487 err(1, "%s", bname); 488 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 489 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 490 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 491 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 492 } 493 if (!bpb.nft) 494 bpb.nft = 2; 495 if (!fat) { 496 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 497 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 498 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 499 bpb.nft + 500 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 501 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 502 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 503 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 504 fat = 12; 505 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 506 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 507 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 508 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 509 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 510 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 511 fat = 16; 512 else 513 fat = 32; 514 } 515 x = bss; 516 if (fat == 32) { 517 if (!bpb.infs) { 518 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 519 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 520 bpb.infs = x; 521 } 522 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 523 x = bpb.infs + 1; 524 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 525 if (x == MAXU16) 526 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 527 bpb.bkbs = x; 528 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 529 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 530 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 531 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 532 } 533 if (!bpb.res) 534 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 535 else if (bpb.res < x) 536 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 537 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 538 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 539 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 540 if (!bpb.spc) 541 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 542 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 543 bpb.res + 544 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 545 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 546 rds + 547 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 548 bpb.spc <<= 1); 549 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 550 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 551 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 552 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 553 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 554 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 555 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 556 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 557 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 558 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 559 bpb.bps * NPB); 560 if (!bpb.bspf) { 561 bpb.bspf = x2; 562 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 563 } 564 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 565 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 566 if (cls > x) 567 cls = x; 568 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 569 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 570 cls); 571 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 572 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 573 mincls(fat)); 574 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 575 cls = maxcls(fat); 576 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 577 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 578 bpb.bsec); 579 } 580 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 581 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 582 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 583 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 584 if (!bpb.mid) 585 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 586 if (fat == 32) 587 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 588 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 589 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 590 bpb.bsec = 0; 591 } 592 if (fat != 32) { 593 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 594 bpb.bspf = 0; 595 } 596 print_bpb(&bpb); 597 if (!opt_N) { 598 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 599 now = tv.tv_sec; 600 tm = localtime(&now); 601 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 602 err(1, NULL); 603 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 604 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 605 x = lsn; 606 if (opt_B && 607 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 608 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 609 x -= bpb.bkbs; 610 if (!x && lseek(fd1, opt_ofs, SEEK_SET)) 611 err(1, "%s", bname); 612 } 613 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 614 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 615 err(1, "%s", bname); 616 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 617 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 618 } else 619 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 620 if (!lsn || 621 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 622 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 623 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 624 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 625 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 626 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 627 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 628 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 629 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 630 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 631 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 632 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 633 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 634 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 635 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 636 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 637 if (fat == 32) { 638 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 639 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 640 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 641 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 642 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 643 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 644 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 645 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 646 } 647 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 648 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 649 if (Iflag) 650 x = opt_I; 651 else 652 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 653 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 654 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 655 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 656 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 657 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 658 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 659 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 660 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 661 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 662 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 663 if (!opt_B) { 664 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 665 bs = (struct bs *)img; 666 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 667 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 668 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 669 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 670 sizeof(bs->oem)); 671 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 672 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 673 } 674 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 675 (lsn == bpb.infs || 676 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 677 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 678 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 679 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 680 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 681 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.rdcl); 682 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 683 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 684 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 685 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 686 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 687 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 688 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 689 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 690 de = (struct de *)img; 691 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 692 mk1(de->attr, 050); 693 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 694 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 695 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 696 mk2(de->time, x); 697 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 698 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 699 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 700 mk2(de->date, x); 701 } 702 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 703 err(1, "%s", fname); 704 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bps) 705 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 706 } 707 } 708 return 0; 709 } 710 711 /* 712 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 713 */ 714 static void 715 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 716 { 717 struct statfs *mp; 718 const char *s1, *s2; 719 size_t len; 720 int n, r; 721 722 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 723 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 724 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 725 s1 = fname; 726 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 727 s1 += len; 728 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 729 for (; n--; mp++) { 730 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 731 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 732 s2 += len; 733 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 734 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 735 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 736 } 737 } 738 739 /* 740 * Get a standard format. 741 */ 742 static void 743 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 744 { 745 u_int x, i; 746 747 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 748 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 749 if (i == x) 750 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 751 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 752 } 753 754 /* 755 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 756 */ 757 static void 758 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 759 struct bpb *bpb) 760 { 761 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 762 struct fd_type type; 763 off_t ms, hs = 0; 764 765 lp = NULL; 766 767 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 768 if (dtype != NULL) { 769 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 770 } 771 772 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 773 if (lp == NULL) { 774 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 775 struct stat st; 776 777 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 778 err(1, "Cannot get disk size"); 779 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 780 ms = st.st_size; 781 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 782 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 783 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 784 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 785 lp = &dlp; 786 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 787 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 788 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 789 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 790 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 791 lp = &dlp; 792 } 793 } 794 795 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 796 if (lp == NULL) { 797 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dlp) == -1) { 798 if (bpb->bps == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 799 errx(1, "Cannot get sector size, %s", strerror(errno)); 800 801 /* XXX Should we use bpb->bps if it's set? */ 802 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 803 804 if (bpb->spt == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 805 warnx("Cannot get number of sectors per track, %s", strerror(errno)); 806 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 807 } 808 if (bpb->hds == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 809 warnx("Cannot get number of heads, %s", strerror(errno)); 810 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 811 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 812 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 813 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 814 else 815 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 816 } 817 } 818 819 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 820 lp = &dlp; 821 } 822 823 if (bpb->bps == 0) 824 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 825 if (bpb->spt == 0) 826 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 827 if (bpb->hds == 0) 828 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 829 if (bpb->bsec == 0) 830 bpb->bsec = lp->d_secperunit; 831 if (bpb->hid == 0) 832 bpb->hid = hs; 833 } 834 835 /* 836 * Print out BPB values. 837 */ 838 static void 839 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 840 { 841 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 842 bpb->nft); 843 if (bpb->rde) 844 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 845 if (bpb->sec) 846 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 847 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 848 if (bpb->spf) 849 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 850 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 851 if (bpb->bsec) 852 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 853 if (!bpb->spf) { 854 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 855 printf(" infs="); 856 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 857 printf(" bkbs="); 858 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 859 } 860 printf("\n"); 861 } 862 863 /* 864 * Check a disk geometry value. 865 */ 866 static u_int 867 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 868 { 869 if (!val) 870 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 871 if (val > MAXU16) 872 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 873 return val; 874 } 875 876 /* 877 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 878 */ 879 static u_int 880 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 881 { 882 char *s; 883 u_long x; 884 885 errno = 0; 886 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 887 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 888 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 889 return x; 890 } 891 892 /* 893 * Same for off_t, with optional skmgpP suffix 894 */ 895 static off_t 896 argtooff(const char *arg, const char *msg) 897 { 898 char *s; 899 off_t x; 900 901 x = strtoll(arg, &s, 0); 902 /* allow at most one extra char */ 903 if (errno || x < 0 || (s[0] && s[1]) ) 904 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 905 if (*s) { /* the extra char is the multiplier */ 906 switch (*s) { 907 default: 908 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 909 /* notreached */ 910 911 case 's': /* sector */ 912 case 'S': 913 x <<= 9; /* times 512 */ 914 break; 915 916 case 'k': /* kilobyte */ 917 case 'K': 918 x <<= 10; /* times 1024 */ 919 break; 920 921 case 'm': /* megabyte */ 922 case 'M': 923 x <<= 20; /* times 1024*1024 */ 924 break; 925 926 case 'g': /* gigabyte */ 927 case 'G': 928 x <<= 30; /* times 1024*1024*1024 */ 929 break; 930 931 case 'p': /* partition start */ 932 case 'P': /* partition start */ 933 case 'l': /* partition length */ 934 case 'L': /* partition length */ 935 errx(1, "%s: not supported yet %s", arg, msg); 936 /* notreached */ 937 } 938 } 939 return x; 940 } 941 942 /* 943 * Check a volume label. 944 */ 945 static int 946 oklabel(const char *src) 947 { 948 int c, i; 949 950 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 951 c = (u_char)*src++; 952 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 953 break; 954 } 955 return i && !c; 956 } 957 958 /* 959 * Make a volume label. 960 */ 961 static void 962 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 963 { 964 int c, i; 965 966 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 967 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 968 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 969 } 970 } 971 972 /* 973 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 974 */ 975 static void 976 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 977 { 978 while (len--) 979 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 980 } 981 982 /* 983 * Print usage message. 984 */ 985 static void 986 usage(void) 987 { 988 fprintf(stderr, 989 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n" 990 "where the options are:\n" 991 "\t-@ create file system at specified offset\n" 992 "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n" 993 "\t-C create image file with specified size\n" 994 "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n" 995 "\t-I volume ID\n" 996 "\t-L volume label\n" 997 "\t-N don't create file system: just print out parameters\n" 998 "\t-O OEM string\n" 999 "\t-S bytes/sector\n" 1000 "\t-a sectors/FAT\n" 1001 "\t-b block size\n" 1002 "\t-c sectors/cluster\n" 1003 "\t-e root directory entries\n" 1004 "\t-f standard format\n" 1005 "\t-h drive heads\n" 1006 "\t-i file system info sector\n" 1007 "\t-k backup boot sector\n" 1008 "\t-m media descriptor\n" 1009 "\t-n number of FATs\n" 1010 "\t-o hidden sectors\n" 1011 "\t-r reserved sectors\n" 1012 "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n" 1013 "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 1014 exit(1); 1015 } 1016