1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/stat.h> 35 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 39 #include <ctype.h> 40 #include <err.h> 41 #include <errno.h> 42 #include <fcntl.h> 43 #include <paths.h> 44 #include <stdio.h> 45 #include <stdlib.h> 46 #include <string.h> 47 #include <unistd.h> 48 49 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 50 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 51 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 52 53 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 54 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 55 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 56 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 57 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 58 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 59 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 60 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 61 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 62 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 63 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 64 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 65 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 66 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 67 68 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 69 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 70 MINCLS32) 71 72 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 74 MAXCLS32) 75 76 #define mk1(p, x) \ 77 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 78 79 #define mk2(p, x) \ 80 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 81 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 82 83 #define mk4(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 86 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 87 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 88 89 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 90 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 91 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 92 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 93 94 struct bs { 95 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 96 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 97 }; 98 99 struct bsbpb { 100 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 101 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 102 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 103 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 104 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 105 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 106 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 107 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 108 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 109 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 110 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 111 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 112 }; 113 114 struct bsxbpb { 115 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 116 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 117 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 118 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 119 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 120 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 121 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 122 }; 123 124 struct bsx { 125 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 126 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 127 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 128 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 129 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 130 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 131 }; 132 133 struct de { 134 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 135 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 136 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 137 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 138 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 139 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 140 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 141 }; 142 143 struct bpb { 144 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 145 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 146 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 147 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 148 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 149 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 150 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 151 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 152 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 153 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 154 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 155 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 156 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 157 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 158 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 159 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 160 }; 161 162 static struct { 163 const char *name; 164 struct bpb bpb; 165 } stdfmt[] = { 166 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 167 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 168 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 169 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 170 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 171 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 172 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 173 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 174 }; 175 176 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 177 0xfa, /* cli */ 178 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 179 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 180 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 181 0xfb, /* sti */ 182 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 183 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 184 0x5e, /* pop si */ 185 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 186 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 187 0xfc, /* cld */ 188 0xac, /* lodsb */ 189 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 190 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 191 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 192 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 193 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 194 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 195 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 196 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 197 0x0d, 0x0a, 198 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 199 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 200 0x0d, 0x0a, 201 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 202 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 203 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 204 0x0d, 0x0a, 205 0 206 }; 207 208 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 209 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 210 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 211 struct bpb *); 212 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 213 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 214 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 215 static int oklabel(const char *); 216 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 217 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 218 static void usage(void); 219 220 /* 221 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 222 */ 223 int 224 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 225 { 226 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 227 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 228 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 229 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 230 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 231 static int opt_N; 232 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 233 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 234 struct stat sb; 235 struct timeval tv; 236 struct bpb bpb; 237 struct tm *tm; 238 struct bs *bs; 239 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 240 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 241 struct bsx *bsx; 242 struct de *de; 243 u_int8_t *img; 244 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 245 ssize_t n; 246 time_t now; 247 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 248 int ch, fd, fd1; 249 250 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 251 switch (ch) { 252 case 'N': 253 opt_N = 1; 254 break; 255 case 'B': 256 opt_B = optarg; 257 break; 258 case 'F': 259 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 260 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 261 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 262 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 263 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 264 break; 265 case 'I': 266 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 267 Iflag = 1; 268 break; 269 case 'L': 270 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 271 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 272 opt_L = optarg; 273 break; 274 case 'O': 275 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 276 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 277 opt_O = optarg; 278 break; 279 case 'S': 280 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 281 break; 282 case 'a': 283 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 284 break; 285 case 'b': 286 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 287 opt_c = 0; 288 break; 289 case 'c': 290 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 291 opt_b = 0; 292 break; 293 case 'e': 294 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 295 break; 296 case 'f': 297 opt_f = optarg; 298 break; 299 case 'h': 300 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 301 break; 302 case 'i': 303 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 304 break; 305 case 'k': 306 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 307 break; 308 case 'm': 309 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 310 mflag = 1; 311 break; 312 case 'n': 313 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 314 break; 315 case 'o': 316 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 317 oflag = 1; 318 break; 319 case 'r': 320 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 321 break; 322 case 's': 323 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 324 break; 325 case 'u': 326 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 327 break; 328 default: 329 usage(); 330 } 331 argc -= optind; 332 argv += optind; 333 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 334 usage(); 335 fname = *argv++; 336 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 337 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 338 if (stat(buf, &sb)) 339 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 340 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 341 err(1, NULL); 342 } 343 dtype = *argv; 344 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 345 fstat(fd, &sb)) 346 err(1, "%s", fname); 347 if (!opt_N) 348 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 349 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 350 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 351 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 352 if (opt_f) { 353 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 354 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 355 bpb.sec = 0; 356 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 357 bpb.spf = 0; 358 } 359 if (opt_h) 360 bpb.hds = opt_h; 361 if (opt_u) 362 bpb.spt = opt_u; 363 if (opt_S) 364 bpb.bps = opt_S; 365 if (opt_s) 366 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 367 if (oflag) 368 bpb.hid = opt_o; 369 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 370 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 371 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 372 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 373 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 374 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 375 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 376 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 377 if (opt_f) 378 fat = 12; 379 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 380 fat = 32; 381 } 382 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 383 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 384 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 385 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 386 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 387 bpb.rde = 0; 388 if (opt_b) { 389 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 390 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 391 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 392 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 393 opt_b, bpb.bps); 394 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 395 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 396 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 397 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 398 } 399 if (opt_c) { 400 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 401 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 402 bpb.spc = opt_c; 403 } 404 if (opt_r) 405 bpb.res = opt_r; 406 if (opt_n) { 407 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 408 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 409 opt_n, MAXNFT); 410 bpb.nft = opt_n; 411 } 412 if (opt_e) 413 bpb.rde = opt_e; 414 if (mflag) { 415 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 416 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 417 bpb.mid = opt_m; 418 } 419 if (opt_a) 420 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 421 if (opt_i) 422 bpb.infs = opt_i; 423 if (opt_k) 424 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 425 bss = 1; 426 bname = NULL; 427 fd1 = -1; 428 if (opt_B) { 429 bname = opt_B; 430 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 431 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 432 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 433 err(1, NULL); 434 } 435 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 436 err(1, "%s", bname); 437 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 438 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 439 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 440 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 441 } 442 if (!bpb.nft) 443 bpb.nft = 2; 444 if (!fat) { 445 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 446 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 447 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 448 bpb.nft + 449 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 450 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 451 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 452 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 453 fat = 12; 454 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 455 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 456 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 457 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 458 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 459 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 460 fat = 16; 461 else 462 fat = 32; 463 } 464 x = bss; 465 if (fat == 32) { 466 if (!bpb.infs) { 467 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 468 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 469 bpb.infs = x; 470 } 471 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 472 x = bpb.infs + 1; 473 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 474 if (x == MAXU16) 475 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 476 bpb.bkbs = x; 477 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 478 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 479 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 480 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 481 } 482 if (!bpb.res) 483 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 484 else if (bpb.res < x) 485 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 486 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 487 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 488 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 489 if (!bpb.spc) 490 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 491 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 492 bpb.res + 493 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 494 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 495 rds + 496 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 497 bpb.spc <<= 1); 498 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 499 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 500 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 501 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 502 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 503 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 504 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 505 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 506 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 507 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 508 bpb.bps * NPB); 509 if (!bpb.bspf) { 510 bpb.bspf = x2; 511 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 512 } 513 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 514 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 515 if (cls > x) 516 cls = x; 517 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 518 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 519 cls); 520 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 521 errx(1, "too few clusters for FAT%u", fat); 522 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 523 cls = maxcls(fat); 524 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 525 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 526 bpb.bsec); 527 } 528 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 529 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 530 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 531 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 532 if (!bpb.mid) 533 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 534 if (fat == 32) 535 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 536 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 537 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 538 bpb.bsec = 0; 539 } 540 if (fat != 32) { 541 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 542 bpb.bspf = 0; 543 } 544 print_bpb(&bpb); 545 if (!opt_N) { 546 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 547 now = tv.tv_sec; 548 tm = localtime(&now); 549 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 550 err(1, NULL); 551 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 552 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 553 x = lsn; 554 if (opt_B && 555 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 556 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 557 x -= bpb.bkbs; 558 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 559 err(1, "%s", bname); 560 } 561 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 562 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 563 err(1, "%s", bname); 564 if (n != bpb.bps) 565 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 566 } else 567 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 568 if (!lsn || 569 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 570 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 571 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 572 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 573 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 574 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 575 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 576 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 577 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 578 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 579 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 580 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 581 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 582 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 583 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 584 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 585 if (fat == 32) { 586 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 587 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 588 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 589 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 590 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 591 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 592 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 593 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 594 } 595 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 596 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 597 if (Iflag) 598 x = opt_I; 599 else 600 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 601 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 602 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 603 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 604 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 605 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 606 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 607 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 608 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 609 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 610 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 611 if (!opt_B) { 612 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 613 bs = (struct bs *)img; 614 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 615 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 616 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 617 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 618 sizeof(bs->oem)); 619 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 620 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 621 } 622 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 623 (lsn == bpb.infs || 624 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 625 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 626 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 627 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 628 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 629 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 630 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 631 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 632 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 633 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 634 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 635 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 636 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 637 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 638 de = (struct de *)img; 639 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 640 mk1(de->attr, 050); 641 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 642 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 643 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 644 mk2(de->time, x); 645 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 646 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 647 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 648 mk2(de->date, x); 649 } 650 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 651 err(1, "%s", fname); 652 if (n != bpb.bps) 653 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 654 } 655 } 656 return 0; 657 } 658 659 /* 660 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 661 */ 662 static void 663 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 664 { 665 struct statfs *mp; 666 const char *s1, *s2; 667 size_t len; 668 int n, r; 669 670 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 671 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 672 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 673 s1 = fname; 674 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 675 s1 += len; 676 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 677 for (; n--; mp++) { 678 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 679 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 680 s2 += len; 681 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 682 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 683 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 684 } 685 } 686 687 /* 688 * Get a standard format. 689 */ 690 static void 691 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 692 { 693 u_int x, i; 694 695 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 696 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 697 if (i == x) 698 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 699 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 700 } 701 702 /* 703 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 704 */ 705 static void 706 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 707 struct bpb *bpb) 708 { 709 struct diskslices ds; 710 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 711 const char *s1, *s2; 712 char *s; 713 int slice, part, fd1, i, e; 714 715 slice = part = -1; 716 s1 = fname; 717 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 718 s1 = s2 + 1; 719 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 720 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 721 s2 = NULL; 722 else 723 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 724 s1 = s2; 725 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') { 726 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10); 727 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE) 728 s2 = NULL; 729 else { 730 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1; 731 s2 = s; 732 } 733 } 734 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 735 if (slice == -1) 736 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE; 737 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 738 } 739 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 740 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 741 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) { 742 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) { 743 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)"); 744 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname); 745 } 746 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size) 747 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname); 748 if (!oflag) 749 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset; 750 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1) 751 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size; 752 } 753 if (((slice == -1 || part != -1) && 754 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 755 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 756 lp = &dl; 757 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 758 if (i == -1 && slice != -1 && part == -1) { 759 e = errno; 760 if (!(s = strdup(fname))) 761 err(1, NULL); 762 s[s1 - fname] = 0; 763 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) { 764 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 765 close(fd1); 766 } 767 free(s); 768 errno = e; 769 } 770 if (i == -1) { 771 if (!dtype) { 772 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 773 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 774 "disk type must be specified", fname); 775 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 776 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 777 } 778 if (slice == -1 || part != -1) { 779 if (part == -1) 780 part = RAW_PART; 781 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 782 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 783 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 784 if (!oflag && part != -1) 785 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 786 if (!bpb->bsec) 787 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 788 } 789 if (!bpb->bps) 790 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 791 if (!bpb->spt) 792 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 793 if (!bpb->hds) 794 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 795 } 796 } 797 798 /* 799 * Print out BPB values. 800 */ 801 static void 802 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 803 { 804 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 805 bpb->nft); 806 if (bpb->rde) 807 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 808 if (bpb->sec) 809 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 810 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 811 if (bpb->spf) 812 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 813 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 814 if (bpb->bsec) 815 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 816 if (!bpb->spf) { 817 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 818 printf(" infs="); 819 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 820 printf(" bkbs="); 821 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 822 } 823 printf("\n"); 824 } 825 826 /* 827 * Check a disk geometry value. 828 */ 829 static u_int 830 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 831 { 832 if (!val) 833 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 834 if (val > MAXU16) 835 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 836 return val; 837 } 838 839 /* 840 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 841 */ 842 static u_int 843 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 844 { 845 char *s; 846 u_long x; 847 848 errno = 0; 849 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 850 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 851 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 852 return x; 853 } 854 855 /* 856 * Check a volume label. 857 */ 858 static int 859 oklabel(const char *src) 860 { 861 int c, i; 862 863 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 864 c = (u_char)*src++; 865 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 866 break; 867 } 868 return i && !c; 869 } 870 871 /* 872 * Make a volume label. 873 */ 874 static void 875 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 876 { 877 int c, i; 878 879 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 880 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 881 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 882 } 883 } 884 885 /* 886 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 887 */ 888 static void 889 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 890 { 891 while (len--) 892 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 893 } 894 895 /* 896 * Print usage message. 897 */ 898 static void 899 usage(void) 900 { 901 fprintf(stderr, 902 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"); 903 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 904 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 905 "just print out parameters\n"); 906 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 907 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 908 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 909 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 910 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 911 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 912 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 913 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 914 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 915 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 916 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 917 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 918 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 919 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 920 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 921 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 922 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 923 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 924 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 925 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 926 exit(1); 927 } 928