1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 35 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 36 #include <sys/mount.h> 37 #include <sys/stat.h> 38 #include <sys/time.h> 39 40 #include <ctype.h> 41 #include <err.h> 42 #include <errno.h> 43 #include <fcntl.h> 44 #include <paths.h> 45 #include <stdio.h> 46 #include <stdlib.h> 47 #include <string.h> 48 #include <time.h> 49 #include <unistd.h> 50 51 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 52 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 53 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 54 55 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 56 #define MINBPS 128 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 57 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 58 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 59 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 60 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 61 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 62 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 63 #define MINCLS12 1 /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 64 #define MINCLS16 0x1000 /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 65 #define MINCLS32 2 /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 66 #define MAXCLS12 0xfed /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 67 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff5 /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff5 /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 69 70 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 71 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 72 MINCLS32) 73 74 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 75 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 76 MAXCLS32) 77 78 #define mk1(p, x) \ 79 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 80 81 #define mk2(p, x) \ 82 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 83 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 84 85 #define mk4(p, x) \ 86 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 87 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 88 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 89 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 90 91 #define argto1(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xff, msg) 92 #define argto2(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffff, msg) 93 #define argto4(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, 0xffffffff, msg) 94 #define argtox(arg, lo, msg) argtou(arg, lo, UINT_MAX, msg) 95 96 struct bs { 97 u_int8_t jmp[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 u_int8_t oem[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 }; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 u_int8_t bps[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 u_int8_t spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 u_int8_t res[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 u_int8_t nft; /* number of FATs */ 106 u_int8_t rde[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 u_int8_t sec[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 u_int8_t mid; /* media descriptor */ 109 u_int8_t spf[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 u_int8_t spt[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 u_int8_t hds[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 u_int8_t hid[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bsec[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 }; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 u_int8_t bspf[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t xflg[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 u_int8_t vers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 u_int8_t rdcl[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 u_int8_t infs[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 u_int8_t bkbs[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 u_int8_t rsvd[12]; /* reserved */ 124 }; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 u_int8_t drv; /* drive number */ 128 u_int8_t rsvd; /* reserved */ 129 u_int8_t sig; /* extended boot signature */ 130 u_int8_t volid[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 u_int8_t label[11]; /* volume label */ 132 u_int8_t type[8]; /* file system type */ 133 }; 134 135 struct de { 136 u_int8_t namext[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 u_int8_t attr; /* attributes */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t time[2]; /* creation time */ 140 u_int8_t date[2]; /* creation date */ 141 u_int8_t clus[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 u_int8_t size[4]; /* size */ 143 }; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bps; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int spc; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int res; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int nft; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int rde; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int sec; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int mid; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int spf; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int spt; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int hds; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int hid; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bsec; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bspf; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int infs; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bkbs; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 static struct { 165 const char *name; 166 struct bpb bpb; 167 } stdfmt[] = { 168 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1}}, 169 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1}}, 170 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2}}, 171 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2}}, 172 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2}}, 173 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2}}, 174 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2}}, 175 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2}}, 176 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2}}, 177 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2}} 178 }; 179 180 static u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 181 0xfa, /* cli */ 182 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 183 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 184 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 185 0xfb, /* sti */ 186 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 187 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 188 0x5e, /* pop si */ 189 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 190 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 191 0xfc, /* cld */ 192 0xac, /* lodsb */ 193 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 194 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 195 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 196 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 197 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 198 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 199 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 200 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 201 0x0d, 0x0a, 202 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 203 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 204 0x0d, 0x0a, 205 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 206 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 207 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 208 0x0d, 0x0a, 209 0 210 }; 211 212 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 213 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 214 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 215 struct bpb *); 216 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 217 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 218 static u_int argtou(const char *, u_int, u_int, const char *); 219 static int oklabel(const char *); 220 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 221 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 222 static void usage(void); 223 224 /* 225 * Construct a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system. 226 */ 227 int 228 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 229 { 230 static char opts[] = "NB:F:I:L:O:S:a:b:c:e:f:h:i:k:m:n:o:r:s:u:"; 231 static const char *opt_B, *opt_L, *opt_O, *opt_f; 232 static u_int opt_F, opt_I, opt_S, opt_a, opt_b, opt_c, opt_e; 233 static u_int opt_h, opt_i, opt_k, opt_m, opt_n, opt_o, opt_r; 234 static u_int opt_s, opt_u; 235 static int opt_N; 236 static int Iflag, mflag, oflag; 237 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 238 struct stat sb; 239 struct timeval tv; 240 struct bpb bpb; 241 struct tm *tm; 242 struct bs *bs; 243 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 244 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 245 struct bsx *bsx; 246 struct de *de; 247 u_int8_t *img; 248 const char *fname, *dtype, *bname; 249 ssize_t n; 250 time_t now; 251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 252 int ch, fd, fd1; 253 254 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opts)) != -1) 255 switch (ch) { 256 case 'N': 257 opt_N = 1; 258 break; 259 case 'B': 260 opt_B = optarg; 261 break; 262 case 'F': 263 if (strcmp(optarg, "12") && 264 strcmp(optarg, "16") && 265 strcmp(optarg, "32")) 266 errx(1, "%s: bad FAT type", optarg); 267 opt_F = atoi(optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'I': 270 opt_I = argto4(optarg, 0, "volume ID"); 271 Iflag = 1; 272 break; 273 case 'L': 274 if (!oklabel(optarg)) 275 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", optarg); 276 opt_L = optarg; 277 break; 278 case 'O': 279 if (strlen(optarg) > 8) 280 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", optarg); 281 opt_O = optarg; 282 break; 283 case 'S': 284 opt_S = argto2(optarg, 1, "bytes/sector"); 285 break; 286 case 'a': 287 opt_a = argto4(optarg, 1, "sectors/FAT"); 288 break; 289 case 'b': 290 opt_b = argtox(optarg, 1, "block size"); 291 opt_c = 0; 292 break; 293 case 'c': 294 opt_c = argto1(optarg, 1, "sectors/cluster"); 295 opt_b = 0; 296 break; 297 case 'e': 298 opt_e = argto2(optarg, 1, "directory entries"); 299 break; 300 case 'f': 301 opt_f = optarg; 302 break; 303 case 'h': 304 opt_h = argto2(optarg, 1, "drive heads"); 305 break; 306 case 'i': 307 opt_i = argto2(optarg, 1, "info sector"); 308 break; 309 case 'k': 310 opt_k = argto2(optarg, 1, "backup sector"); 311 break; 312 case 'm': 313 opt_m = argto1(optarg, 0, "media descriptor"); 314 mflag = 1; 315 break; 316 case 'n': 317 opt_n = argto1(optarg, 1, "number of FATs"); 318 break; 319 case 'o': 320 opt_o = argto4(optarg, 0, "hidden sectors"); 321 oflag = 1; 322 break; 323 case 'r': 324 opt_r = argto2(optarg, 1, "reserved sectors"); 325 break; 326 case 's': 327 opt_s = argto4(optarg, 1, "file system size"); 328 break; 329 case 'u': 330 opt_u = argto2(optarg, 1, "sectors/track"); 331 break; 332 default: 333 usage(); 334 } 335 argc -= optind; 336 argv += optind; 337 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) 338 usage(); 339 fname = *argv++; 340 if (!strchr(fname, '/')) { 341 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, fname); 342 if (!(fname = strdup(buf))) 343 err(1, NULL); 344 } 345 dtype = *argv; 346 if ((fd = open(fname, opt_N ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1 || 347 fstat(fd, &sb)) 348 err(1, "%s", fname); 349 if (!opt_N) 350 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 351 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 352 warnx("warning: %s is not a character device", fname); 353 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 354 if (opt_f) { 355 getstdfmt(opt_f, &bpb); 356 bpb.bsec = bpb.sec; 357 bpb.sec = 0; 358 bpb.bspf = bpb.spf; 359 bpb.spf = 0; 360 } 361 if (opt_h) 362 bpb.hds = opt_h; 363 if (opt_u) 364 bpb.spt = opt_u; 365 if (opt_S) 366 bpb.bps = opt_S; 367 if (opt_s) 368 bpb.bsec = opt_s; 369 if (oflag) 370 bpb.hid = opt_o; 371 if (!(opt_f || (opt_h && opt_u && opt_S && opt_s && oflag))) 372 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, oflag, &bpb); 373 if (!powerof2(bpb.bps)) 374 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bps); 375 if (bpb.bps < MINBPS) 376 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 377 bpb.bps, MINBPS); 378 if (!(fat = opt_F)) { 379 if (opt_f) 380 fat = 12; 381 else if (!opt_e && (opt_i || opt_k)) 382 fat = 32; 383 } 384 if ((fat == 32 && opt_e) || (fat != 32 && (opt_i || opt_k))) 385 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 386 fat == 32 ? 'e' : opt_i ? 'i' : 'k', 387 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 388 if (opt_f && fat == 32) 389 bpb.rde = 0; 390 if (opt_b) { 391 if (!powerof2(opt_b)) 392 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_b); 393 if (opt_b < bpb.bps) 394 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 395 opt_b, bpb.bps); 396 if (opt_b > bpb.bps * MAXSPC) 397 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 398 opt_b, bpb.bps * MAXSPC); 399 bpb.spc = opt_b / bpb.bps; 400 } 401 if (opt_c) { 402 if (!powerof2(opt_c)) 403 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", opt_c); 404 bpb.spc = opt_c; 405 } 406 if (opt_r) 407 bpb.res = opt_r; 408 if (opt_n) { 409 if (opt_n > MAXNFT) 410 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 411 opt_n, MAXNFT); 412 bpb.nft = opt_n; 413 } 414 if (opt_e) 415 bpb.rde = opt_e; 416 if (mflag) { 417 if (opt_m < 0xf0) 418 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", opt_m); 419 bpb.mid = opt_m; 420 } 421 if (opt_a) 422 bpb.bspf = opt_a; 423 if (opt_i) 424 bpb.infs = opt_i; 425 if (opt_k) 426 bpb.bkbs = opt_k; 427 bss = 1; 428 bname = NULL; 429 fd1 = -1; 430 if (opt_B) { 431 bname = opt_B; 432 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 433 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 434 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 435 err(1, NULL); 436 } 437 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 438 err(1, "%s", bname); 439 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bps || 440 sb.st_size < bpb.bps || sb.st_size > bpb.bps * MAXU16) 441 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 442 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bps; 443 } 444 if (!bpb.nft) 445 bpb.nft = 2; 446 if (!fat) { 447 if (bpb.bsec < (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 448 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 449 ((bpb.spc ? 16 : 12) / BPN), bpb.bps * NPB) * 450 bpb.nft + 451 howmany(bpb.rde ? bpb.rde : DEFRDE, 452 bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 453 (bpb.spc ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 454 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bps))) 455 fat = 12; 456 else if (bpb.rde || bpb.bsec < 457 (bpb.res ? bpb.res : bss) + 458 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bps) * bpb.nft + 459 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)) + 460 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 461 (bpb.spc ? bpb.spc : howmany(8192, bpb.bps))) 462 fat = 16; 463 else 464 fat = 32; 465 } 466 x = bss; 467 if (fat == 32) { 468 if (!bpb.infs) { 469 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bkbs) 470 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 471 bpb.infs = x; 472 } 473 if (bpb.infs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.infs) 474 x = bpb.infs + 1; 475 if (!bpb.bkbs) { 476 if (x == MAXU16) 477 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 478 bpb.bkbs = x; 479 } else if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && bpb.bkbs == bpb.infs) 480 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 481 if (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bkbs) 482 x = bpb.bkbs + 1; 483 } 484 if (!bpb.res) 485 bpb.res = fat == 32 ? MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bps, 4)) : x; 486 else if (bpb.res < x) 487 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors"); 488 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.rde) 489 bpb.rde = DEFRDE; 490 rds = howmany(bpb.rde, bpb.bps / sizeof(struct de)); 491 if (!bpb.spc) 492 for (bpb.spc = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : DEFBLK, bpb.bps); 493 bpb.spc < MAXSPC && 494 bpb.res + 495 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 496 bpb.bps * NPB) * bpb.nft + 497 rds + 498 (u_int64_t)(maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.spc <= bpb.bsec; 499 bpb.spc <<= 1); 500 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bspf > MAXU16) 501 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 502 x1 = bpb.res + rds; 503 x = bpb.bspf ? bpb.bspf : 1; 504 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.nft > bpb.bsec) 505 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 506 x1 += x * bpb.nft; 507 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bsec - x1) * bpb.bps * NPB / 508 (bpb.spc * bpb.bps * NPB + fat / BPN * bpb.nft); 509 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 510 bpb.bps * NPB); 511 if (!bpb.bspf) { 512 bpb.bspf = x2; 513 x1 += (bpb.bspf - 1) * bpb.nft; 514 } 515 cls = (bpb.bsec - x1) / bpb.spc; 516 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bspf * bpb.bps * NPB / (fat / BPN) - RESFTE; 517 if (cls > x) 518 cls = x; 519 if (bpb.bspf < x2) 520 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 521 cls); 522 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 523 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 524 mincls(fat)); 525 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 526 cls = maxcls(fat); 527 bpb.bsec = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.spc - 1; 528 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 529 bpb.bsec); 530 } 531 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 532 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.spc, 533 cls * bpb.spc == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 534 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bps * bpb.spc); 535 if (!bpb.mid) 536 bpb.mid = !bpb.hid ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 537 if (fat == 32) 538 bpb.rdcl = RESFTE; 539 if (bpb.hid + bpb.bsec <= MAXU16) { 540 bpb.sec = bpb.bsec; 541 bpb.bsec = 0; 542 } 543 if (fat != 32) { 544 bpb.spf = bpb.bspf; 545 bpb.bspf = 0; 546 } 547 print_bpb(&bpb); 548 if (!opt_N) { 549 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 550 now = tv.tv_sec; 551 tm = localtime(&now); 552 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bps))) 553 err(1, NULL); 554 dir = bpb.res + (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf) * bpb.nft; 555 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.spc : rds); lsn++) { 556 x = lsn; 557 if (opt_B && 558 fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 559 bss <= bpb.bkbs && x >= bpb.bkbs) { 560 x -= bpb.bkbs; 561 if (!x && lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_SET)) 562 err(1, "%s", bname); 563 } 564 if (opt_B && x < bss) { 565 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 566 err(1, "%s", bname); 567 if (n != bpb.bps) 568 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 569 } else 570 memset(img, 0, bpb.bps); 571 if (!lsn || 572 (fat == 32 && bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && lsn == bpb.bkbs)) { 573 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 574 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 575 mk2(bsbpb->bps, bpb.bps); 576 mk1(bsbpb->spc, bpb.spc); 577 mk2(bsbpb->res, bpb.res); 578 mk1(bsbpb->nft, bpb.nft); 579 mk2(bsbpb->rde, bpb.rde); 580 mk2(bsbpb->sec, bpb.sec); 581 mk1(bsbpb->mid, bpb.mid); 582 mk2(bsbpb->spf, bpb.spf); 583 mk2(bsbpb->spt, bpb.spt); 584 mk2(bsbpb->hds, bpb.hds); 585 mk4(bsbpb->hid, bpb.hid); 586 mk4(bsbpb->bsec, bpb.bsec); 587 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 588 if (fat == 32) { 589 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 590 mk4(bsxbpb->bspf, bpb.bspf); 591 mk2(bsxbpb->xflg, 0); 592 mk2(bsxbpb->vers, 0); 593 mk4(bsxbpb->rdcl, bpb.rdcl); 594 mk2(bsxbpb->infs, bpb.infs); 595 mk2(bsxbpb->bkbs, bpb.bkbs); 596 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 597 } 598 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 599 mk1(bsx->sig, 0x29); 600 if (Iflag) 601 x = opt_I; 602 else 603 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 604 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 605 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 606 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 607 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 608 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 609 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 610 mk4(bsx->volid, x); 611 mklabel(bsx->label, opt_L ? opt_L : "NO NAME"); 612 sprintf(buf, "FAT%u", fat); 613 setstr(bsx->type, buf, sizeof(bsx->type)); 614 if (!opt_B) { 615 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 616 bs = (struct bs *)img; 617 mk1(bs->jmp[0], 0xeb); 618 mk1(bs->jmp[1], x1 - 2); 619 mk1(bs->jmp[2], 0x90); 620 setstr(bs->oem, opt_O ? opt_O : "BSD 4.4", 621 sizeof(bs->oem)); 622 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 623 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 624 } 625 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.infs != MAXU16 && 626 (lsn == bpb.infs || 627 (bpb.bkbs != MAXU16 && 628 lsn == bpb.bkbs + bpb.infs))) { 629 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 630 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 28, 0x61417272); 631 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 24, 0xffffffff); 632 mk4(img + bpb.bps - 20, bpb.rdcl); 633 mk2(img + bpb.bps - 2, DOSMAGIC); 634 } else if (lsn >= bpb.res && lsn < dir && 635 !((lsn - bpb.res) % 636 (bpb.spf ? bpb.spf : bpb.bspf))) { 637 mk1(img[0], bpb.mid); 638 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 639 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 640 } else if (lsn == dir && opt_L) { 641 de = (struct de *)img; 642 mklabel(de->namext, opt_L); 643 mk1(de->attr, 050); 644 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 645 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 646 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 647 mk2(de->time, x); 648 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 649 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 650 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 651 mk2(de->date, x); 652 } 653 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bps)) == -1) 654 err(1, "%s", fname); 655 if (n != bpb.bps) 656 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 657 } 658 } 659 return 0; 660 } 661 662 /* 663 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 664 */ 665 static void 666 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 667 { 668 struct statfs *mp; 669 const char *s1, *s2; 670 size_t len; 671 int n, r; 672 673 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 674 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 675 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 676 s1 = fname; 677 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 678 s1 += len; 679 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 680 for (; n--; mp++) { 681 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 682 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 683 s2 += len; 684 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 685 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 686 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 687 } 688 } 689 690 /* 691 * Get a standard format. 692 */ 693 static void 694 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 695 { 696 u_int x, i; 697 698 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 699 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 700 if (i == x) 701 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 702 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 703 } 704 705 /* 706 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 707 */ 708 static void 709 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, int oflag, 710 struct bpb *bpb) 711 { 712 struct diskslices ds; 713 struct disklabel dl, *lp; 714 const char *s1, *s2; 715 char *s; 716 int slice, part, fd1, i, e; 717 718 slice = part = -1; 719 s1 = fname; 720 if ((s2 = strrchr(s1, '/'))) 721 s1 = s2 + 1; 722 for (s2 = s1; *s2 && !isdigit(*s2); s2++); 723 if (!*s2 || s2 == s1) 724 s2 = NULL; 725 else 726 while (isdigit(*++s2)); 727 s1 = s2; 728 if (s2 && *s2 == 's') { 729 slice = strtol(s2 + 1, &s, 10); 730 if (slice < 1 || slice > MAX_SLICES - BASE_SLICE) 731 s2 = NULL; 732 else { 733 slice = BASE_SLICE + slice - 1; 734 s2 = s; 735 } 736 } 737 if (s2 && *s2 >= 'a' && *s2 <= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS - 1) { 738 if (slice == -1) 739 slice = COMPATIBILITY_SLICE; 740 part = *s2++ - 'a'; 741 } 742 if (!s2 || (*s2 && *s2 != '.')) 743 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out partition info", fname); 744 if (slice != -1 && (!oflag || (!bpb->bsec && part == -1))) { 745 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGSLICEINFO, &ds) == -1) { 746 warn("ioctl (GSLICEINFO)"); 747 errx(1, "%s: can't get slice info", fname); 748 } 749 if (slice >= ds.dss_nslices || !ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size) 750 errx(1, "%s: slice is unavailable", fname); 751 if (!oflag) 752 bpb->hid = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_offset; 753 if (!bpb->bsec && part == -1) 754 bpb->bsec = ds.dss_slices[slice].ds_size; 755 } 756 if (((slice == -1 || part != -1) && 757 ((!oflag && part != -1) || !bpb->bsec)) || 758 !bpb->bps || !bpb->spt || !bpb->hds) { 759 lp = &dl; 760 i = ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 761 if (i == -1 && slice != -1 && part == -1) { 762 e = errno; 763 if (!(s = strdup(fname))) 764 err(1, NULL); 765 s[s1 - fname] = 0; 766 if ((fd1 = open(s, O_RDONLY)) != -1) { 767 i = ioctl(fd1, DIOCGDINFO, lp); 768 close(fd1); 769 } 770 free(s); 771 errno = e; 772 } 773 if (i == -1) { 774 if (!dtype) { 775 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 776 errx(1, "%s: can't read disk label; " 777 "disk type must be specified", fname); 778 } else if (!(lp = getdiskbyname(dtype))) 779 errx(1, "%s: unknown disk type", dtype); 780 } 781 if (slice == -1 || part != -1) { 782 if (part == -1) 783 part = RAW_PART; 784 if (part >= lp->d_npartitions || 785 !lp->d_partitions[part].p_size) 786 errx(1, "%s: partition is unavailable", fname); 787 if (!oflag && part != -1) 788 bpb->hid += lp->d_partitions[part].p_offset; 789 if (!bpb->bsec) 790 bpb->bsec = lp->d_partitions[part].p_size; 791 } 792 if (!bpb->bps) 793 bpb->bps = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 794 if (!bpb->spt) 795 bpb->spt = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 796 if (!bpb->hds) 797 bpb->hds = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 798 } 799 } 800 801 /* 802 * Print out BPB values. 803 */ 804 static void 805 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 806 { 807 printf("bps=%u spc=%u res=%u nft=%u", bpb->bps, bpb->spc, bpb->res, 808 bpb->nft); 809 if (bpb->rde) 810 printf(" rde=%u", bpb->rde); 811 if (bpb->sec) 812 printf(" sec=%u", bpb->sec); 813 printf(" mid=%#x", bpb->mid); 814 if (bpb->spf) 815 printf(" spf=%u", bpb->spf); 816 printf(" spt=%u hds=%u hid=%u", bpb->spt, bpb->hds, bpb->hid); 817 if (bpb->bsec) 818 printf(" bsec=%u", bpb->bsec); 819 if (!bpb->spf) { 820 printf(" bspf=%u rdcl=%u", bpb->bspf, bpb->rdcl); 821 printf(" infs="); 822 printf(bpb->infs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->infs); 823 printf(" bkbs="); 824 printf(bpb->bkbs == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bkbs); 825 } 826 printf("\n"); 827 } 828 829 /* 830 * Check a disk geometry value. 831 */ 832 static u_int 833 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 834 { 835 if (!val) 836 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 837 if (val > MAXU16) 838 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s", fname, msg); 839 return val; 840 } 841 842 /* 843 * Convert and check a numeric option argument. 844 */ 845 static u_int 846 argtou(const char *arg, u_int lo, u_int hi, const char *msg) 847 { 848 char *s; 849 u_long x; 850 851 errno = 0; 852 x = strtoul(arg, &s, 0); 853 if (errno || !*arg || *s || x < lo || x > hi) 854 errx(1, "%s: bad %s", arg, msg); 855 return x; 856 } 857 858 /* 859 * Check a volume label. 860 */ 861 static int 862 oklabel(const char *src) 863 { 864 int c, i; 865 866 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 867 c = (u_char)*src++; 868 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 869 break; 870 } 871 return i && !c; 872 } 873 874 /* 875 * Make a volume label. 876 */ 877 static void 878 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 879 { 880 int c, i; 881 882 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 883 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 884 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 885 } 886 } 887 888 /* 889 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 890 */ 891 static void 892 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 893 { 894 while (len--) 895 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 896 } 897 898 /* 899 * Print usage message. 900 */ 901 static void 902 usage(void) 903 { 904 fprintf(stderr, 905 "usage: newfs_msdos [ -options ] special [disktype]\n"); 906 fprintf(stderr, "where the options are:\n"); 907 fprintf(stderr, "\t-N don't create file system: " 908 "just print out parameters\n"); 909 fprintf(stderr, "\t-B get bootstrap from file\n"); 910 fprintf(stderr, "\t-F FAT type (12, 16, or 32)\n"); 911 fprintf(stderr, "\t-I volume ID\n"); 912 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label\n"); 913 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O OEM string\n"); 914 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S bytes/sector\n"); 915 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a sectors/FAT\n"); 916 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 917 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c sectors/cluster\n"); 918 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e root directory entries\n"); 919 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f standard format\n"); 920 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h drive heads\n"); 921 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i file system info sector\n"); 922 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k backup boot sector\n"); 923 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m media descriptor\n"); 924 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of FATs\n"); 925 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o hidden sectors\n"); 926 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors\n"); 927 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 928 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 929 exit(1); 930 } 931