1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #ifdef MAKEFS 35 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */ 36 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h> 37 #else 38 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 39 #include <sys/disk.h> 40 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 41 #include <sys/mount.h> 42 #endif 43 #include <sys/stat.h> 44 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 45 #include <sys/time.h> 46 47 #include <assert.h> 48 #include <ctype.h> 49 #include <err.h> 50 #include <errno.h> 51 #include <fcntl.h> 52 #include <inttypes.h> 53 #include <paths.h> 54 #include <signal.h> 55 #include <stdio.h> 56 #include <stdlib.h> 57 #include <string.h> 58 #include <time.h> 59 #include <unistd.h> 60 61 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 62 63 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 64 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 65 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 66 67 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 68 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 69 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */ 70 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 71 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 72 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 73 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 74 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 75 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 76 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 77 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 78 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 79 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 80 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 81 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 82 83 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 84 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 85 MINCLS32) 86 87 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 88 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 89 MAXCLS32) 90 91 #define mk1(p, x) \ 92 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 93 94 #define mk2(p, x) \ 95 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 96 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 97 98 #define mk4(p, x) \ 99 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 100 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 101 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 102 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 103 104 struct bs { 105 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 106 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 107 } __packed; 108 109 struct bsbpb { 110 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 111 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 112 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 114 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 115 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 116 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 117 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 119 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 120 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 121 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 122 } __packed; 123 124 struct bsxbpb { 125 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 126 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 127 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 128 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 129 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 130 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 131 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 132 } __packed; 133 134 struct bsx { 135 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 136 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 137 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 138 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 139 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 140 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 141 } __packed; 142 143 struct de { 144 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 145 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 146 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 147 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 148 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 149 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 150 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 151 } __packed; 152 153 struct bpb { 154 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 155 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 156 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 157 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 158 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 159 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 160 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 161 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 162 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 163 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 164 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 165 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 166 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 167 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 168 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 169 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 170 }; 171 172 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 173 174 static struct { 175 const char *name; 176 struct bpb bpb; 177 } const stdfmt[] = { 178 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 188 }; 189 190 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 191 0xfa, /* cli */ 192 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 193 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 194 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 195 0xfb, /* sti */ 196 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 197 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 198 0x5e, /* pop si */ 199 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 200 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 201 0xfc, /* cld */ 202 0xac, /* lodsb */ 203 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 204 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 205 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 206 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 207 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 208 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 209 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 210 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 211 0x0d, 0x0a, 212 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 213 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 214 0x0d, 0x0a, 215 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 216 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 217 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 218 0x0d, 0x0a, 219 0 220 }; 221 222 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 223 static void infohandler(int); 224 225 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 226 static ssize_t getchunksize(void); 227 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 228 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 229 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 230 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 231 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 232 static int oklabel(const char *); 233 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 234 235 int 236 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 237 { 238 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 239 struct sigaction si_sa; 240 struct stat sb; 241 struct timeval tv; 242 struct bpb bpb; 243 struct tm *tm; 244 struct bs *bs; 245 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 246 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 247 struct bsx *bsx; 248 struct de *de; 249 u_int8_t *img; 250 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end; 251 const char *bname; 252 ssize_t n; 253 time_t now; 254 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 255 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 256 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 257 int fd, fd1, rv; 258 struct msdos_options o = *op; 259 ssize_t chunksize; 260 261 physbuf = NULL; 262 rv = -1; 263 fd = fd1 = -1; 264 265 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 266 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 267 goto done; 268 } 269 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 270 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 271 goto done; 272 } 273 if (o.create_size) { 274 if (o.no_create) { 275 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 276 goto done; 277 } 278 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 279 if (fd == -1) { 280 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 281 goto done; 282 } 283 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 284 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 285 goto done; 286 } 287 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 288 warn("%s", fname); 289 goto done; 290 } 291 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 292 warn("%s", fname); 293 goto done; 294 } 295 if (o.create_size) { 296 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 297 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 298 } else { 299 #ifdef MAKEFS 300 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!"); 301 #else 302 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 303 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 304 #endif 305 } 306 #ifndef MAKEFS 307 if (!o.no_create) 308 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 309 goto done; 310 #endif 311 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 312 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 313 goto done; 314 } 315 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 316 if (o.floppy) { 317 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 318 goto done; 319 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 320 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 321 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 322 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 323 } 324 if (o.drive_heads) 325 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 326 if (o.sectors_per_track) 327 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 328 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 329 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 330 if (o.size) 331 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 332 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 333 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 334 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 335 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 336 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 337 goto done; 338 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 339 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 340 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 341 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 342 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 343 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 344 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 345 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 346 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 347 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 348 else 349 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 350 } 351 } 352 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS || 353 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS || 354 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 355 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096", 356 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 357 goto done; 358 } 359 360 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 361 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 362 goto done; 363 } 364 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 365 if (o.floppy) 366 fat = 12; 367 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 368 fat = 32; 369 } 370 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 371 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 372 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 373 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 374 goto done; 375 } 376 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 377 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 378 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 379 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 380 goto done; 381 } 382 383 if (o.block_size) { 384 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 385 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 386 goto done; 387 } 388 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 389 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 390 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 391 goto done; 392 } 393 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 394 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 395 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 396 goto done; 397 } 398 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 399 } 400 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 401 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 402 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 403 o.sectors_per_cluster); 404 goto done; 405 } 406 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 407 } 408 if (o.reserved_sectors) 409 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 410 if (o.num_FAT) { 411 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 412 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 413 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 414 goto done; 415 } 416 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 417 } 418 if (o.directory_entries) 419 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 420 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 421 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 422 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 423 goto done; 424 } 425 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 426 } 427 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 428 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 429 if (o.info_sector) 430 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 431 if (o.backup_sector) 432 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 433 bss = 1; 434 bname = NULL; 435 fd1 = -1; 436 if (o.bootstrap) { 437 bname = o.bootstrap; 438 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 439 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 440 bname = buf; 441 } 442 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 443 warn("%s", bname); 444 goto done; 445 } 446 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 447 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 448 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 449 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 450 goto done; 451 } 452 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 453 } 454 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 455 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 456 if (!fat) { 457 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 458 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 459 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 460 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 461 bpb.bpbFATs + 462 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 463 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 464 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 465 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 466 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 467 fat = 12; 468 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 469 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 470 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 471 bpb.bpbFATs + 472 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 473 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 474 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 475 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 476 fat = 16; 477 else 478 fat = 32; 479 } 480 x = bss; 481 if (fat == 32) { 482 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 483 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 484 warnx("no room for info sector"); 485 goto done; 486 } 487 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 488 } 489 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 490 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 491 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 492 if (x == MAXU16) { 493 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 494 goto done; 495 } 496 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 497 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 498 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 499 goto done; 500 } 501 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 502 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 503 } 504 505 extra_res = 0; 506 alignment = 0; 507 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 508 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 509 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 510 saved_x = x; 511 512 /* 513 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 514 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 515 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 516 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 517 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 518 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 519 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 520 */ 521 do { 522 x = saved_x; 523 if (set_res) 524 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 525 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 526 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 527 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 528 bpb.bpbResSectors); 529 goto done; 530 } 531 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 532 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 533 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 534 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 535 if (set_spc) { 536 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 537 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 538 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 539 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 540 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 541 rds + 542 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 543 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 544 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 545 continue; 546 547 } 548 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 549 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 550 goto done; 551 } 552 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 553 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 554 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 555 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 556 goto done; 557 } 558 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 559 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 560 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 561 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 562 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 563 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 564 if (set_spf) { 565 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 566 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 567 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 568 } 569 if (set_res) { 570 /* attempt to align root directory */ 571 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 572 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 573 if (o.align) 574 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 575 } 576 attempts++; 577 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 578 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 579 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 580 581 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 582 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 583 RESFTE; 584 if (cls > x) 585 cls = x; 586 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 587 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 588 cls); 589 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 590 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 591 mincls(fat)); 592 goto done; 593 } 594 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 595 cls = maxcls(fat); 596 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 597 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 599 } 600 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 601 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 602 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 603 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 604 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 605 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 606 if (fat == 32) 607 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 608 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 609 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 610 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 611 } 612 if (fat != 32) { 613 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 614 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 615 } 616 print_bpb(&bpb); 617 if (!o.no_create) { 618 if (o.timestamp_set) { 619 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 620 tv.tv_usec = 0; 621 tm = gmtime(&now); 622 } else { 623 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 624 now = tv.tv_sec; 625 tm = localtime(&now); 626 } 627 628 chunksize = getchunksize(); 629 physbuf = malloc(chunksize); 630 if (physbuf == NULL) { 631 warn(NULL); 632 goto done; 633 } 634 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize; 635 img = physbuf; 636 637 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 638 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 639 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 640 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 641 #ifdef SIGINFO 642 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 643 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 644 goto done; 645 } 646 #endif 647 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 648 if (got_siginfo) { 649 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 650 fname, lsn, 651 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 652 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 653 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 654 got_siginfo = 0; 655 } 656 x = lsn; 657 if (o.bootstrap && 658 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 659 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 660 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 661 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 662 warn("%s", bname); 663 goto done; 664 } 665 } 666 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 667 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 668 warn("%s", bname); 669 goto done; 670 } 671 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 672 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 673 goto done; 674 } 675 } else 676 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 677 if (!lsn || 678 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 679 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 680 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 681 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 683 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 685 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 687 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 688 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 689 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 690 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 691 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 692 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 693 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 694 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 695 if (fat == 32) { 696 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 697 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 698 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 699 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 700 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 701 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 702 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 703 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 704 } 705 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 706 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 707 if (o.volume_id_set) 708 x = o.volume_id; 709 else 710 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 711 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 712 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 713 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 714 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 715 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 716 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 717 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 718 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 719 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 720 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 721 if (!o.bootstrap) { 722 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 723 bs = (struct bs *)img; 724 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 725 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 726 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 727 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 728 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 729 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 730 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 731 } 732 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 733 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 734 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 735 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 736 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 737 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 738 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 739 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 740 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 741 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 742 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 743 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 744 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 745 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 746 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 747 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 748 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 749 de = (struct de *)img; 750 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 751 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 752 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 753 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 754 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 755 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 756 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 757 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 758 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 759 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 760 } 761 /* 762 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected 763 * enough sectors. 764 */ 765 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 766 if (img >= physbuf_end) { 767 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize); 768 if (n != chunksize) { 769 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 770 goto done; 771 } 772 img = physbuf; 773 } 774 } 775 /* 776 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end 777 * up filling a whole chunk. 778 */ 779 if (img != physbuf) { 780 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf; 781 782 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize); 783 if (n != tailsize) { 784 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 785 goto done; 786 } 787 } 788 } 789 rv = 0; 790 done: 791 free(physbuf); 792 if (fd != -1) 793 close(fd); 794 if (fd1 != -1) 795 close(fd1); 796 797 return rv; 798 } 799 800 /* 801 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 802 */ 803 static int 804 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 805 { 806 /* 807 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should 808 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images. 809 */ 810 #if !defined(MAKEFS) 811 struct statfs *mp; 812 const char *s1, *s2; 813 size_t len; 814 int n, r; 815 816 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 817 warn("getmntinfo"); 818 return -1; 819 } 820 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 821 s1 = fname; 822 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 823 s1 += len; 824 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 825 for (; n--; mp++) { 826 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 827 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 828 s2 += len; 829 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 830 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 831 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 832 return -1; 833 } 834 } 835 #endif 836 return 0; 837 } 838 839 /* 840 * Get optimal I/O size 841 */ 842 static ssize_t 843 getchunksize(void) 844 { 845 static int chunksize; 846 847 if (chunksize != 0) 848 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 849 850 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS 851 int mib[2]; 852 size_t len; 853 854 mib[0] = CTL_KERN; 855 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS; 856 len = sizeof(chunksize); 857 858 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) { 859 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS); 860 chunksize = 0; 861 } 862 #endif 863 if (chunksize == 0) 864 chunksize = MAXPHYS; 865 866 /* 867 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of 868 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 869 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of 870 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the 871 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS. 872 */ 873 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2"); 874 assert(powerof2(chunksize)); 875 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS); 876 877 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 878 } 879 880 /* 881 * Get a standard format. 882 */ 883 static int 884 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 885 { 886 u_int x, i; 887 888 x = nitems(stdfmt); 889 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 890 if (i == x) { 891 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 892 return -1; 893 } 894 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 895 return 0; 896 } 897 898 static void 899 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp) 900 { 901 struct stat st; 902 off_t ms; 903 904 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 905 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 906 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) 907 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname); 908 ms = st.st_size; 909 lp->d_secsize = 512; 910 lp->d_nsectors = 63; 911 lp->d_ntracks = 255; 912 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize; 913 } 914 915 /* 916 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 917 */ 918 static int 919 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 920 struct bpb *bpb) 921 { 922 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 923 off_t hs = 0; 924 #ifndef MAKEFS 925 off_t ms; 926 struct fd_type type; 927 928 lp = NULL; 929 930 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 931 if (dtype != NULL) { 932 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 933 } 934 935 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 936 if (lp == NULL) { 937 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 938 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 939 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 940 lp = &dlp; 941 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 942 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 943 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 944 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 945 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 946 lp = &dlp; 947 } 948 } 949 950 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 951 if (lp == NULL) { 952 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 953 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 954 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 955 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 956 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 957 958 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 959 960 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 961 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 962 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 963 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 964 } 965 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 966 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 967 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 968 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 969 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 970 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 971 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 972 else 973 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 974 } 975 976 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 977 lp = &dlp; 978 } 979 #else 980 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */ 981 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 982 lp = &dlp; 983 #endif 984 985 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 986 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 987 return -1; 988 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 989 } 990 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 991 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 992 return -1; 993 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 994 } 995 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 996 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 997 return -1; 998 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 999 } 1000 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 1001 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 1002 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 1003 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 1004 return 0; 1005 } 1006 1007 /* 1008 * Print out BPB values. 1009 */ 1010 static void 1011 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 1012 { 1013 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 1014 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 1015 bpb->bpbFATs); 1016 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 1017 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 1018 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 1019 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 1020 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 1021 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 1022 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 1023 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 1024 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 1025 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 1026 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 1027 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 1028 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 1029 bpb->bpbRootClust); 1030 printf(" FSInfo="); 1031 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 1032 printf(" Backup="); 1033 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 1034 } 1035 printf("\n"); 1036 } 1037 1038 /* 1039 * Check a disk geometry value. 1040 */ 1041 static int 1042 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 1043 { 1044 if (!val) { 1045 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 1046 return -1; 1047 } 1048 if (val > MAXU16) { 1049 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1050 return -1; 1051 } 1052 return 0; 1053 } 1054 1055 /* 1056 * Check a volume label. 1057 */ 1058 static int 1059 oklabel(const char *src) 1060 { 1061 int c, i; 1062 1063 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1064 c = (u_char)*src++; 1065 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1066 break; 1067 } 1068 return i && !c; 1069 } 1070 1071 /* 1072 * Make a volume label. 1073 */ 1074 static void 1075 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1076 { 1077 int c, i; 1078 1079 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1080 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1081 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1082 } 1083 } 1084 1085 /* 1086 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1087 */ 1088 static void 1089 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1090 { 1091 while (len--) 1092 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1093 } 1094 1095 static void 1096 infohandler(int sig __unused) 1097 { 1098 1099 got_siginfo = 1; 1100 } 1101