1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #include <sys/param.h> 29 #ifdef MAKEFS 30 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */ 31 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h> 32 #else 33 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 34 #include <sys/disk.h> 35 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 36 #include <sys/mount.h> 37 #endif 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 40 #include <sys/time.h> 41 42 #include <assert.h> 43 #include <ctype.h> 44 #include <err.h> 45 #include <errno.h> 46 #include <fcntl.h> 47 #include <inttypes.h> 48 #include <paths.h> 49 #include <signal.h> 50 #include <stdio.h> 51 #include <stdlib.h> 52 #include <string.h> 53 #include <time.h> 54 #include <unistd.h> 55 56 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 57 58 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 59 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 60 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 61 62 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 63 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 64 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */ 65 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 66 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 67 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 68 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 69 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 70 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 71 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 74 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 75 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 76 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 77 78 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 79 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 80 MINCLS32) 81 82 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 83 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 84 MAXCLS32) 85 86 #define mk1(p, x) \ 87 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 88 89 #define mk2(p, x) \ 90 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 91 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 92 93 #define mk4(p, x) \ 94 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 95 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 96 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 97 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 98 99 struct bs { 100 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 101 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 102 } __packed; 103 104 struct bsbpb { 105 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 106 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 107 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 109 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 111 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 112 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 113 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 114 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 115 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 116 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 117 } __packed; 118 119 struct bsxbpb { 120 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 121 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 122 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 123 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 124 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 125 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 126 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 127 } __packed; 128 129 struct bsx { 130 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 131 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 132 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 133 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 134 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 135 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 136 } __packed; 137 138 struct de { 139 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 140 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 141 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 142 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 143 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 144 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 145 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 146 } __packed; 147 148 struct bpb { 149 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 150 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 151 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 152 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 153 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 154 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 155 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 156 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 157 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 158 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 159 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 160 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 161 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 162 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 163 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 164 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 165 }; 166 167 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 168 169 static struct { 170 const char *name; 171 struct bpb bpb; 172 } const stdfmt[] = { 173 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 183 }; 184 185 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 186 0xfa, /* cli */ 187 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 188 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 189 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 190 0xfb, /* sti */ 191 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 192 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 193 0x5e, /* pop si */ 194 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 195 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 196 0xfc, /* cld */ 197 0xac, /* lodsb */ 198 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 199 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 200 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 201 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 202 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 203 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 204 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 205 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 208 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 209 0x0d, 0x0a, 210 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 211 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 212 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 213 0x0d, 0x0a, 214 0 215 }; 216 217 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 218 static void infohandler(int); 219 220 #ifndef MAKEFS 221 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 222 #endif 223 static ssize_t getchunksize(void); 224 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 225 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 226 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 227 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 228 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 229 static int oklabel(const char *); 230 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 231 232 int 233 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 234 { 235 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 236 struct sigaction si_sa; 237 struct stat sb; 238 struct timeval tv; 239 struct bpb bpb; 240 struct tm *tm; 241 struct bs *bs; 242 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 243 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 244 struct bsx *bsx; 245 struct de *de; 246 u_int8_t *img; 247 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end; 248 const char *bname; 249 ssize_t n; 250 time_t now; 251 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 252 u_int extra_res, alignment, alignto, saved_x, attempts=0; 253 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 254 int fd, fd1, rv; 255 struct msdos_options o = *op; 256 ssize_t chunksize; 257 258 physbuf = NULL; 259 rv = -1; 260 fd = fd1 = -1; 261 262 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 263 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 264 goto done; 265 } 266 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 267 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 268 goto done; 269 } 270 if (o.create_size) { 271 if (o.no_create) { 272 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 273 goto done; 274 } 275 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 276 if (fd == -1) { 277 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 278 goto done; 279 } 280 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 281 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 282 goto done; 283 } 284 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 285 warn("%s", fname); 286 goto done; 287 } 288 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 289 warn("%s", fname); 290 goto done; 291 } 292 if (o.create_size) { 293 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 294 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 295 } else { 296 #ifdef MAKEFS 297 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!"); 298 #else 299 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 300 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 301 #endif 302 } 303 #ifndef MAKEFS 304 if (!o.no_create) 305 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 306 goto done; 307 #endif 308 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 309 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 310 goto done; 311 } 312 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 313 if (o.floppy) { 314 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 315 goto done; 316 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 317 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 318 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 319 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 320 } 321 if (o.drive_heads) 322 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 323 if (o.sectors_per_track) 324 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 325 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 326 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 327 if (o.size) 328 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 329 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 330 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 331 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 332 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 333 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 334 goto done; 335 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 336 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 337 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 341 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 343 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 344 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 345 else 346 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 347 } 348 } 349 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS || 350 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS || 351 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 352 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096", 353 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 354 goto done; 355 } 356 357 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 358 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 359 goto done; 360 } 361 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 362 if (o.floppy) 363 fat = 12; 364 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 365 fat = 32; 366 } 367 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 368 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 369 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 370 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 371 goto done; 372 } 373 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 374 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 375 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 376 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 377 goto done; 378 } 379 380 if (o.block_size) { 381 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 382 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 383 goto done; 384 } 385 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 386 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 387 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 388 goto done; 389 } 390 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 391 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 392 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 393 goto done; 394 } 395 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 396 } 397 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 398 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 399 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 400 o.sectors_per_cluster); 401 goto done; 402 } 403 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 404 } 405 if (o.reserved_sectors) 406 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 407 if (o.num_FAT) { 408 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 409 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 410 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 411 goto done; 412 } 413 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 414 } 415 if (o.directory_entries) { 416 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = roundup(o.directory_entries, 417 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 418 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec == 0 || o.directory_entries >= MAXU16) 419 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = MAXU16; 420 } 421 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 422 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 423 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 424 goto done; 425 } 426 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 427 } 428 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 429 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 430 if (o.info_sector) 431 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 432 if (o.backup_sector) 433 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 434 bss = 1; 435 bname = NULL; 436 fd1 = -1; 437 if (o.bootstrap) { 438 bname = o.bootstrap; 439 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 440 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 441 bname = buf; 442 } 443 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 444 warn("%s", bname); 445 goto done; 446 } 447 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 448 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 449 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 450 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 451 goto done; 452 } 453 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 454 } 455 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 456 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 457 if (!fat) { 458 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 459 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 460 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 461 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 462 bpb.bpbFATs + 463 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 464 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 465 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 466 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 467 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 468 fat = 12; 469 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 470 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 471 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 472 bpb.bpbFATs + 473 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 474 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 475 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 476 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 477 fat = 16; 478 else 479 fat = 32; 480 } 481 x = bss; 482 if (fat == 32) { 483 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 484 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 485 warnx("no room for info sector"); 486 goto done; 487 } 488 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 489 } 490 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 491 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 492 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 493 if (x == MAXU16) { 494 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 495 goto done; 496 } 497 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 498 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 499 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 500 goto done; 501 } 502 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 503 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 504 } 505 506 extra_res = 0; 507 alignment = 0; 508 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 509 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 510 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 511 saved_x = x; 512 513 /* 514 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 515 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 516 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 517 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 518 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 519 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 520 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 521 */ 522 do { 523 x = saved_x; 524 if (set_res) 525 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 526 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 527 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 528 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 529 bpb.bpbResSectors); 530 goto done; 531 } 532 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 533 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 534 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 535 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 536 if (set_spc) { 537 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 538 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 539 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 540 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 541 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 542 rds + 543 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 544 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 545 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 546 continue; 547 548 } 549 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 550 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 551 goto done; 552 } 553 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 554 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 555 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 556 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 557 goto done; 558 } 559 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 560 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 561 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 562 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 563 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 564 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 565 if (set_spf) { 566 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 567 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 568 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 569 } 570 if (set_res) { 571 alignto = bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 572 if (alignto > 1) { 573 /* align data clusters */ 574 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs + rds) % 575 alignto; 576 if (alignment != 0) 577 extra_res += alignto - alignment; 578 } 579 } 580 attempts++; 581 } while (alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 582 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 583 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 584 585 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 586 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 587 RESFTE; 588 if (cls > x) 589 cls = x; 590 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 591 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 592 cls); 593 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 594 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 595 mincls(fat)); 596 goto done; 597 } 598 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 599 cls = maxcls(fat); 600 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 601 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 602 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 603 } 604 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 605 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 606 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 607 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 608 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 609 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 610 if (fat == 32) 611 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 612 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 613 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 614 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 615 } 616 if (fat != 32) { 617 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 618 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 619 } 620 print_bpb(&bpb); 621 if (!o.no_create) { 622 if (o.timestamp_set) { 623 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 624 tv.tv_usec = 0; 625 tm = gmtime(&now); 626 } else { 627 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 628 now = tv.tv_sec; 629 tm = localtime(&now); 630 } 631 632 chunksize = getchunksize(); 633 physbuf = malloc(chunksize); 634 if (physbuf == NULL) { 635 warn(NULL); 636 goto done; 637 } 638 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize; 639 img = physbuf; 640 641 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 642 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 643 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 644 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 645 #ifdef SIGINFO 646 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 647 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 648 goto done; 649 } 650 #endif 651 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 652 if (got_siginfo) { 653 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 654 fname, lsn, 655 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 656 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 657 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 658 got_siginfo = 0; 659 } 660 x = lsn; 661 if (o.bootstrap && 662 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 663 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 664 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 665 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 666 warn("%s", bname); 667 goto done; 668 } 669 } 670 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 671 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 672 warn("%s", bname); 673 goto done; 674 } 675 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 676 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 677 goto done; 678 } 679 } else 680 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 681 if (!lsn || 682 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 683 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 684 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 685 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 687 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 688 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 689 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 690 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 691 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 692 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 693 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 694 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 695 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 696 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 697 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 698 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 699 if (fat == 32) { 700 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 701 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 702 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 703 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 704 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 705 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 706 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 707 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 708 } 709 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 710 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 711 if (o.volume_id_set) 712 x = o.volume_id; 713 else 714 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 715 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 716 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 717 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 718 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 719 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 720 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 721 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 722 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 723 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 724 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 725 if (!o.bootstrap) { 726 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 727 bs = (struct bs *)img; 728 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 729 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 730 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 731 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 732 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 733 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 734 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 735 } 736 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 737 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 738 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 739 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 740 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 741 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 742 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 743 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 744 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 745 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 746 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 747 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 748 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 749 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 750 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 751 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 752 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 753 de = (struct de *)img; 754 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 755 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 756 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 757 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 758 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 759 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 760 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 761 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 762 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 763 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 764 } 765 /* 766 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected 767 * enough sectors. 768 */ 769 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 770 if (img >= physbuf_end) { 771 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize); 772 if (n != chunksize) { 773 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 774 goto done; 775 } 776 img = physbuf; 777 } 778 } 779 /* 780 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end 781 * up filling a whole chunk. 782 */ 783 if (img != physbuf) { 784 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf; 785 786 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize); 787 if (n != tailsize) { 788 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 789 goto done; 790 } 791 } 792 } 793 rv = 0; 794 done: 795 free(physbuf); 796 if (fd != -1) 797 close(fd); 798 if (fd1 != -1) 799 close(fd1); 800 801 return rv; 802 } 803 804 /* 805 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 806 */ 807 #ifndef MAKEFS 808 static int 809 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 810 { 811 /* 812 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should 813 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images. 814 */ 815 struct statfs *mp; 816 const char *s1, *s2; 817 size_t len; 818 int n, r; 819 820 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 821 warn("getmntinfo"); 822 return -1; 823 } 824 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 825 s1 = fname; 826 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 827 s1 += len; 828 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 829 for (; n--; mp++) { 830 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 831 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 832 s2 += len; 833 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 834 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 835 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 836 return -1; 837 } 838 } 839 return 0; 840 } 841 #endif 842 843 /* 844 * Get optimal I/O size 845 */ 846 static ssize_t 847 getchunksize(void) 848 { 849 static ssize_t chunksize; 850 851 if (chunksize != 0) 852 return (chunksize); 853 854 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS 855 int mib[2]; 856 size_t len; 857 858 mib[0] = CTL_KERN; 859 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS; 860 len = sizeof(chunksize); 861 862 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) { 863 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS); 864 chunksize = 0; 865 } 866 #endif 867 if (chunksize == 0) 868 chunksize = MAXPHYS; 869 870 /* 871 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of 872 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 873 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of 874 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the 875 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS. 876 */ 877 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2"); 878 assert(powerof2(chunksize)); 879 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS); 880 881 return (chunksize); 882 } 883 884 /* 885 * Get a standard format. 886 */ 887 static int 888 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 889 { 890 u_int x, i; 891 892 x = nitems(stdfmt); 893 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 894 if (i == x) { 895 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 896 return -1; 897 } 898 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 899 return 0; 900 } 901 902 static void 903 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp) 904 { 905 struct stat st; 906 off_t ms; 907 908 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 909 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 910 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) 911 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname); 912 ms = st.st_size; 913 lp->d_secsize = 512; 914 lp->d_nsectors = 63; 915 lp->d_ntracks = 255; 916 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize; 917 } 918 919 /* 920 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 921 */ 922 static int 923 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 924 struct bpb *bpb) 925 { 926 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 927 off_t hs = 0; 928 #ifndef MAKEFS 929 off_t ms; 930 struct fd_type type; 931 932 lp = NULL; 933 934 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 935 if (dtype != NULL) { 936 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 937 } 938 939 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 940 if (lp == NULL) { 941 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 942 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 943 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 944 lp = &dlp; 945 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 946 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 947 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 948 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 949 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 950 lp = &dlp; 951 } 952 } 953 954 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 955 if (lp == NULL) { 956 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 957 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 958 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 959 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 960 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 961 962 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 963 964 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 965 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 966 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 967 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 968 } 969 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 970 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 971 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 972 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 973 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 974 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 975 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 976 else 977 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 978 } 979 980 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 981 lp = &dlp; 982 } 983 #else 984 (void)dtype; 985 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */ 986 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 987 lp = &dlp; 988 #endif 989 990 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 991 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 992 return -1; 993 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 994 } 995 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 996 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 997 return -1; 998 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 999 } 1000 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 1001 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 1002 return -1; 1003 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 1004 } 1005 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 1006 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 1007 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 1008 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 1009 return 0; 1010 } 1011 1012 /* 1013 * Print out BPB values. 1014 */ 1015 static void 1016 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 1017 { 1018 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 1019 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 1020 bpb->bpbFATs); 1021 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 1022 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 1023 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 1024 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 1025 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 1026 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 1027 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 1028 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 1029 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 1030 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 1031 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 1032 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 1033 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 1034 bpb->bpbRootClust); 1035 printf(" FSInfo="); 1036 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 1037 printf(" Backup="); 1038 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 1039 } 1040 printf("\n"); 1041 } 1042 1043 /* 1044 * Check a disk geometry value. 1045 */ 1046 static int 1047 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 1048 { 1049 if (!val) { 1050 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 1051 return -1; 1052 } 1053 if (val > MAXU16) { 1054 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1055 return -1; 1056 } 1057 return 0; 1058 } 1059 1060 /* 1061 * Check a volume label. 1062 */ 1063 static int 1064 oklabel(const char *src) 1065 { 1066 int c, i; 1067 1068 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1069 c = (u_char)*src++; 1070 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1071 break; 1072 } 1073 return i && !c; 1074 } 1075 1076 /* 1077 * Make a volume label. 1078 */ 1079 static void 1080 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1081 { 1082 int c, i; 1083 1084 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1085 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1086 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1087 } 1088 } 1089 1090 /* 1091 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1092 */ 1093 static void 1094 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1095 { 1096 while (len--) 1097 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1098 } 1099 1100 static void 1101 infohandler(int sig __unused) 1102 { 1103 1104 got_siginfo = 1; 1105 } 1106