1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #ifdef MAKEFS 35 /* In the makefs case we only want struct disklabel */ 36 #include <sys/disk/bsd.h> 37 #else 38 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 39 #include <sys/disk.h> 40 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 41 #include <sys/mount.h> 42 #endif 43 #include <sys/stat.h> 44 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 45 #include <sys/time.h> 46 47 #include <assert.h> 48 #include <ctype.h> 49 #include <err.h> 50 #include <errno.h> 51 #include <fcntl.h> 52 #include <inttypes.h> 53 #include <paths.h> 54 #include <signal.h> 55 #include <stdio.h> 56 #include <stdlib.h> 57 #include <string.h> 58 #include <time.h> 59 #include <unistd.h> 60 61 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 62 63 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 64 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 65 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 66 67 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 68 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 69 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */ 70 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 71 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 72 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 73 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 74 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 75 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 76 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 77 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 78 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 79 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 80 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 81 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 82 83 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 84 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 85 MINCLS32) 86 87 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 88 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 89 MAXCLS32) 90 91 #define mk1(p, x) \ 92 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 93 94 #define mk2(p, x) \ 95 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 96 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 97 98 #define mk4(p, x) \ 99 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 100 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 101 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 102 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 103 104 struct bs { 105 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 106 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 107 } __packed; 108 109 struct bsbpb { 110 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 111 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 112 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 114 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 115 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 116 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 117 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 119 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 120 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 121 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 122 } __packed; 123 124 struct bsxbpb { 125 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 126 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 127 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 128 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 129 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 130 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 131 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 132 } __packed; 133 134 struct bsx { 135 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 136 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 137 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 138 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 139 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 140 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 141 } __packed; 142 143 struct de { 144 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 145 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 146 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 147 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 148 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 149 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 150 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 151 } __packed; 152 153 struct bpb { 154 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 155 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 156 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 157 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 158 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 159 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 160 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 161 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 162 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 163 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 164 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 165 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 166 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 167 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 168 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 169 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 170 }; 171 172 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 173 174 static struct { 175 const char *name; 176 struct bpb bpb; 177 } const stdfmt[] = { 178 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 180 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 181 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 182 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 183 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 184 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 185 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 188 }; 189 190 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 191 0xfa, /* cli */ 192 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 193 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 194 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 195 0xfb, /* sti */ 196 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 197 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 198 0x5e, /* pop si */ 199 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 200 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 201 0xfc, /* cld */ 202 0xac, /* lodsb */ 203 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 204 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 205 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 206 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 207 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 208 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 209 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 210 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 211 0x0d, 0x0a, 212 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 213 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 214 0x0d, 0x0a, 215 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 216 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 217 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 218 0x0d, 0x0a, 219 0 220 }; 221 222 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 223 static void infohandler(int); 224 225 #ifndef MAKEFS 226 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 227 #endif 228 static ssize_t getchunksize(void); 229 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 230 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 231 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 232 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 233 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 234 static int oklabel(const char *); 235 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 236 237 int 238 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 239 { 240 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 241 struct sigaction si_sa; 242 struct stat sb; 243 struct timeval tv; 244 struct bpb bpb; 245 struct tm *tm; 246 struct bs *bs; 247 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 248 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 249 struct bsx *bsx; 250 struct de *de; 251 u_int8_t *img; 252 u_int8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end; 253 const char *bname; 254 ssize_t n; 255 time_t now; 256 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 257 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 258 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 259 int fd, fd1, rv; 260 struct msdos_options o = *op; 261 ssize_t chunksize; 262 263 physbuf = NULL; 264 rv = -1; 265 fd = fd1 = -1; 266 267 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 268 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 269 goto done; 270 } 271 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 272 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 273 goto done; 274 } 275 if (o.create_size) { 276 if (o.no_create) { 277 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 278 goto done; 279 } 280 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 281 if (fd == -1) { 282 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 283 goto done; 284 } 285 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 286 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 287 goto done; 288 } 289 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 290 warn("%s", fname); 291 goto done; 292 } 293 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 294 warn("%s", fname); 295 goto done; 296 } 297 if (o.create_size) { 298 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 299 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 300 } else { 301 #ifdef MAKEFS 302 errx(1, "o.create_size must be set!"); 303 #else 304 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 305 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 306 #endif 307 } 308 #ifndef MAKEFS 309 if (!o.no_create) 310 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 311 goto done; 312 #endif 313 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 314 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 315 goto done; 316 } 317 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 318 if (o.floppy) { 319 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 320 goto done; 321 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 322 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 323 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 324 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 325 } 326 if (o.drive_heads) 327 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 328 if (o.sectors_per_track) 329 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 330 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 331 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 332 if (o.size) 333 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 334 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 335 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 336 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 337 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 338 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 339 goto done; 340 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 341 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 342 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 343 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 344 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 345 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 346 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 347 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 348 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 349 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 350 else 351 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 352 } 353 } 354 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS || 355 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS || 356 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 357 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096", 358 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 359 goto done; 360 } 361 362 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 363 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 364 goto done; 365 } 366 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 367 if (o.floppy) 368 fat = 12; 369 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 370 fat = 32; 371 } 372 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 373 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 374 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 375 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 376 goto done; 377 } 378 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 379 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 380 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 381 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 382 goto done; 383 } 384 385 if (o.block_size) { 386 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 387 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 388 goto done; 389 } 390 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 391 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 392 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 393 goto done; 394 } 395 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 396 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 397 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 398 goto done; 399 } 400 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 401 } 402 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 403 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 404 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 405 o.sectors_per_cluster); 406 goto done; 407 } 408 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 409 } 410 if (o.reserved_sectors) 411 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 412 if (o.num_FAT) { 413 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 414 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 415 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 416 goto done; 417 } 418 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 419 } 420 if (o.directory_entries) 421 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 422 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 423 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 424 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 425 goto done; 426 } 427 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 428 } 429 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 430 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 431 if (o.info_sector) 432 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 433 if (o.backup_sector) 434 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 435 bss = 1; 436 bname = NULL; 437 fd1 = -1; 438 if (o.bootstrap) { 439 bname = o.bootstrap; 440 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 441 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 442 bname = buf; 443 } 444 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 445 warn("%s", bname); 446 goto done; 447 } 448 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 449 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 450 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 451 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 452 goto done; 453 } 454 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 455 } 456 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 457 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 458 if (!fat) { 459 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 460 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 462 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 463 bpb.bpbFATs + 464 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 465 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 466 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 467 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 468 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 469 fat = 12; 470 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 471 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 472 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 473 bpb.bpbFATs + 474 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 475 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 476 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 477 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 478 fat = 16; 479 else 480 fat = 32; 481 } 482 x = bss; 483 if (fat == 32) { 484 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 485 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 486 warnx("no room for info sector"); 487 goto done; 488 } 489 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 490 } 491 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 492 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 493 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 494 if (x == MAXU16) { 495 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 496 goto done; 497 } 498 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 499 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 500 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 501 goto done; 502 } 503 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 504 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 505 } 506 507 extra_res = 0; 508 alignment = 0; 509 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 510 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 511 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 512 saved_x = x; 513 514 /* 515 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 516 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 517 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 518 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 519 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 520 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 521 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 522 */ 523 do { 524 x = saved_x; 525 if (set_res) 526 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 527 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 528 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 529 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 530 bpb.bpbResSectors); 531 goto done; 532 } 533 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 534 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 535 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 536 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 537 if (set_spc) { 538 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 539 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 540 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 541 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 542 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 543 rds + 544 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 545 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 546 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 547 continue; 548 549 } 550 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 551 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 552 goto done; 553 } 554 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 555 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 556 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 557 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 558 goto done; 559 } 560 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 561 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 562 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 563 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 564 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 565 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 566 if (set_spf) { 567 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 568 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 569 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 570 } 571 if (set_res) { 572 /* attempt to align root directory */ 573 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 574 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 575 if (o.align) 576 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 577 } 578 attempts++; 579 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 580 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 581 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 582 583 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 584 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 585 RESFTE; 586 if (cls > x) 587 cls = x; 588 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 589 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 590 cls); 591 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 592 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 593 mincls(fat)); 594 goto done; 595 } 596 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 597 cls = maxcls(fat); 598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 599 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 600 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 601 } 602 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 603 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 604 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 605 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 606 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 607 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 608 if (fat == 32) 609 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 610 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 611 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 612 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 613 } 614 if (fat != 32) { 615 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 616 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 617 } 618 print_bpb(&bpb); 619 if (!o.no_create) { 620 if (o.timestamp_set) { 621 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 622 tv.tv_usec = 0; 623 tm = gmtime(&now); 624 } else { 625 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 626 now = tv.tv_sec; 627 tm = localtime(&now); 628 } 629 630 chunksize = getchunksize(); 631 physbuf = malloc(chunksize); 632 if (physbuf == NULL) { 633 warn(NULL); 634 goto done; 635 } 636 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize; 637 img = physbuf; 638 639 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 640 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 641 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 642 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 643 #ifdef SIGINFO 644 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 645 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 646 goto done; 647 } 648 #endif 649 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 650 if (got_siginfo) { 651 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 652 fname, lsn, 653 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 654 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 655 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 656 got_siginfo = 0; 657 } 658 x = lsn; 659 if (o.bootstrap && 660 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 661 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 662 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 663 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 664 warn("%s", bname); 665 goto done; 666 } 667 } 668 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 669 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 670 warn("%s", bname); 671 goto done; 672 } 673 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 674 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 675 goto done; 676 } 677 } else 678 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 679 if (!lsn || 680 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 681 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 682 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 683 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 684 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 685 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 687 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 688 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 689 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 690 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 691 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 692 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 693 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 694 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 695 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 696 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 697 if (fat == 32) { 698 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 699 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 700 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 701 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 702 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 703 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 704 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 705 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 706 } 707 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 708 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 709 if (o.volume_id_set) 710 x = o.volume_id; 711 else 712 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 713 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 714 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 715 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 716 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 717 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 718 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 719 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 720 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 721 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 722 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 723 if (!o.bootstrap) { 724 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 725 bs = (struct bs *)img; 726 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 727 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 728 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 729 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 730 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 731 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 732 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 733 } 734 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 735 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 736 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 737 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 738 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 739 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 740 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 741 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 742 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 743 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 744 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 745 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 746 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 747 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 748 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 749 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 750 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 751 de = (struct de *)img; 752 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 753 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 754 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 755 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 756 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 757 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 758 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 759 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 760 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 761 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 762 } 763 /* 764 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected 765 * enough sectors. 766 */ 767 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 768 if (img >= physbuf_end) { 769 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize); 770 if (n != chunksize) { 771 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 772 goto done; 773 } 774 img = physbuf; 775 } 776 } 777 /* 778 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end 779 * up filling a whole chunk. 780 */ 781 if (img != physbuf) { 782 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf; 783 784 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize); 785 if (n != tailsize) { 786 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 787 goto done; 788 } 789 } 790 } 791 rv = 0; 792 done: 793 free(physbuf); 794 if (fd != -1) 795 close(fd); 796 if (fd1 != -1) 797 close(fd1); 798 799 return rv; 800 } 801 802 /* 803 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 804 */ 805 #ifndef MAKEFS 806 static int 807 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 808 { 809 /* 810 * If getmntinfo() is not available (e.g. Linux) don't check. This should 811 * not be a problem since we will only be using makefs to create images. 812 */ 813 struct statfs *mp; 814 const char *s1, *s2; 815 size_t len; 816 int n, r; 817 818 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 819 warn("getmntinfo"); 820 return -1; 821 } 822 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 823 s1 = fname; 824 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 825 s1 += len; 826 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 827 for (; n--; mp++) { 828 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 829 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 830 s2 += len; 831 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 832 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 833 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 834 return -1; 835 } 836 } 837 return 0; 838 } 839 #endif 840 841 /* 842 * Get optimal I/O size 843 */ 844 static ssize_t 845 getchunksize(void) 846 { 847 static ssize_t chunksize; 848 849 if (chunksize != 0) 850 return (chunksize); 851 852 #ifdef KERN_MAXPHYS 853 int mib[2]; 854 size_t len; 855 856 mib[0] = CTL_KERN; 857 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS; 858 len = sizeof(chunksize); 859 860 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) { 861 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS); 862 chunksize = 0; 863 } 864 #endif 865 if (chunksize == 0) 866 chunksize = MAXPHYS; 867 868 /* 869 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of 870 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 871 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of 872 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the 873 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS. 874 */ 875 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2"); 876 assert(powerof2(chunksize)); 877 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS); 878 879 return (chunksize); 880 } 881 882 /* 883 * Get a standard format. 884 */ 885 static int 886 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 887 { 888 u_int x, i; 889 890 x = nitems(stdfmt); 891 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 892 if (i == x) { 893 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 894 return -1; 895 } 896 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 897 return 0; 898 } 899 900 static void 901 compute_geometry_from_file(int fd, const char *fname, struct disklabel *lp) 902 { 903 struct stat st; 904 off_t ms; 905 906 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 907 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 908 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) 909 errx(1, "%s is not a regular file", fname); 910 ms = st.st_size; 911 lp->d_secsize = 512; 912 lp->d_nsectors = 63; 913 lp->d_ntracks = 255; 914 lp->d_secperunit = ms / lp->d_secsize; 915 } 916 917 /* 918 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 919 */ 920 static int 921 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 922 struct bpb *bpb) 923 { 924 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 925 off_t hs = 0; 926 #ifndef MAKEFS 927 off_t ms; 928 struct fd_type type; 929 930 lp = NULL; 931 932 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 933 if (dtype != NULL) { 934 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 935 } 936 937 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 938 if (lp == NULL) { 939 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 940 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 941 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 942 lp = &dlp; 943 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 944 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 945 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 946 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 947 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 948 lp = &dlp; 949 } 950 } 951 952 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 953 if (lp == NULL) { 954 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 955 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 956 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 957 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 958 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 959 960 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 961 962 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 963 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 964 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 965 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 966 } 967 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 968 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 969 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 970 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 971 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 972 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 973 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 974 else 975 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 976 } 977 978 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 979 lp = &dlp; 980 } 981 #else 982 (void)dtype; 983 /* In the makefs case we only support image files: */ 984 compute_geometry_from_file(fd, fname, &dlp); 985 lp = &dlp; 986 #endif 987 988 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 989 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 990 return -1; 991 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 992 } 993 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 994 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 995 return -1; 996 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 997 } 998 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 999 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 1000 return -1; 1001 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 1002 } 1003 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 1004 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 1005 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 1006 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 1007 return 0; 1008 } 1009 1010 /* 1011 * Print out BPB values. 1012 */ 1013 static void 1014 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 1015 { 1016 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 1017 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 1018 bpb->bpbFATs); 1019 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 1020 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 1021 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 1022 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 1023 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 1024 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 1025 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 1026 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 1027 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 1028 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 1029 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 1030 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 1031 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 1032 bpb->bpbRootClust); 1033 printf(" FSInfo="); 1034 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 1035 printf(" Backup="); 1036 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 1037 } 1038 printf("\n"); 1039 } 1040 1041 /* 1042 * Check a disk geometry value. 1043 */ 1044 static int 1045 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 1046 { 1047 if (!val) { 1048 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 1049 return -1; 1050 } 1051 if (val > MAXU16) { 1052 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1053 return -1; 1054 } 1055 return 0; 1056 } 1057 1058 /* 1059 * Check a volume label. 1060 */ 1061 static int 1062 oklabel(const char *src) 1063 { 1064 int c, i; 1065 1066 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1067 c = (u_char)*src++; 1068 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1069 break; 1070 } 1071 return i && !c; 1072 } 1073 1074 /* 1075 * Make a volume label. 1076 */ 1077 static void 1078 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1079 { 1080 int c, i; 1081 1082 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1083 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1084 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1085 } 1086 } 1087 1088 /* 1089 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1090 */ 1091 static void 1092 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1093 { 1094 while (len--) 1095 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1096 } 1097 1098 static void 1099 infohandler(int sig __unused) 1100 { 1101 1102 got_siginfo = 1; 1103 } 1104