1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 35 #include <sys/disk.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/time.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 74 75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 77 MINCLS32) 78 79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 81 MAXCLS32) 82 83 #define mk1(p, x) \ 84 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 85 86 #define mk2(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 89 90 #define mk4(p, x) \ 91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 95 96 struct bs { 97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 } __packed; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 124 } __packed; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 133 } __packed; 134 135 struct de { 136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 143 } __packed; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 165 166 static struct { 167 const char *name; 168 struct bpb bpb; 169 } const stdfmt[] = { 170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 180 }; 181 182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 183 0xfa, /* cli */ 184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 187 0xfb, /* sti */ 188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 190 0x5e, /* pop si */ 191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 193 0xfc, /* cld */ 194 0xac, /* lodsb */ 195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 0 212 }; 213 214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 215 static void infohandler(int); 216 217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 223 static int oklabel(const char *); 224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 225 226 int 227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 228 { 229 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 230 struct sigaction si_sa; 231 struct stat sb; 232 struct timeval tv; 233 struct bpb bpb; 234 struct tm *tm; 235 struct bs *bs; 236 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 237 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 238 struct bsx *bsx; 239 struct de *de; 240 u_int8_t *img; 241 const char *bname; 242 ssize_t n; 243 time_t now; 244 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 245 int fd, fd1, rv; 246 struct msdos_options o = *op; 247 248 img = NULL; 249 rv = -1; 250 251 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 252 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 253 goto done; 254 } 255 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 256 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 257 goto done; 258 } 259 if (o.create_size) { 260 if (o.no_create) { 261 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 262 goto done; 263 } 264 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 265 if (fd == -1) { 266 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 267 goto done; 268 } 269 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 270 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 271 goto done; 272 } 273 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 274 warn("%s", fname); 275 goto done; 276 } 277 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 278 warn("%s", fname); 279 goto done; 280 } 281 if (o.create_size) { 282 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 283 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 284 } else { 285 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 286 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 287 } 288 if (!o.no_create) 289 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 290 goto done; 291 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 292 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 293 goto done; 294 } 295 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 296 if (o.floppy) { 297 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 298 goto done; 299 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 300 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 301 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 302 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 303 } 304 if (o.drive_heads) 305 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 306 if (o.sectors_per_track) 307 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 308 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 309 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 310 if (o.size) 311 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 312 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 313 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 314 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 315 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 316 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 318 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 319 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 320 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 321 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 322 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 323 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 324 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 325 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 326 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 327 else 328 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 329 } 330 } 331 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 332 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 333 goto done; 334 } 335 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 336 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 337 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 338 goto done; 339 } 340 341 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 342 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 343 goto done; 344 } 345 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 346 if (o.floppy) 347 fat = 12; 348 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 349 fat = 32; 350 } 351 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 352 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 353 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 354 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 355 goto done; 356 } 357 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 358 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 359 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 360 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 361 goto done; 362 } 363 364 if (o.block_size) { 365 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 366 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 367 goto done; 368 } 369 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 370 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 371 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 372 goto done; 373 } 374 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 375 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 376 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 377 goto done; 378 } 379 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 380 } 381 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 382 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 383 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 384 o.sectors_per_cluster); 385 goto done; 386 } 387 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 388 } 389 if (o.reserved_sectors) 390 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 391 if (o.num_FAT) { 392 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 393 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 394 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 395 goto done; 396 } 397 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 398 } 399 if (o.directory_entries) 400 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 401 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 402 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 403 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 404 goto done; 405 } 406 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 407 } 408 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 409 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 410 if (o.info_sector) 411 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 412 if (o.backup_sector) 413 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 414 bss = 1; 415 bname = NULL; 416 fd1 = -1; 417 if (o.bootstrap) { 418 bname = o.bootstrap; 419 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 420 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 421 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 422 warn(NULL); 423 goto done; 424 } 425 } 426 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 427 warn("%s", bname); 428 goto done; 429 } 430 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 431 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 432 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 433 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 434 goto done; 435 } 436 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 437 } 438 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 439 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 440 if (!fat) { 441 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 442 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 443 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 444 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 445 bpb.bpbFATs + 446 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 447 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 448 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 449 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 450 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 451 fat = 12; 452 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 453 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 454 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 455 bpb.bpbFATs + 456 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 457 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 458 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 459 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 460 fat = 16; 461 else 462 fat = 32; 463 } 464 x = bss; 465 if (fat == 32) { 466 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 467 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 468 warnx("no room for info sector"); 469 goto done; 470 } 471 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 472 } 473 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 474 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 475 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 476 if (x == MAXU16) { 477 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 478 goto done; 479 } 480 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 481 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 482 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 483 goto done; 484 } 485 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 486 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 487 } 488 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 489 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? 490 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 491 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 492 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 493 bpb.bpbResSectors); 494 goto done; 495 } 496 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 497 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 498 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 499 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 500 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 501 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 502 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 503 bpb.bpbResSectors + 504 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 505 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 506 bpb.bpbFATs + 507 rds + 508 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * 509 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 510 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 511 continue; 512 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 513 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 514 goto done; 515 } 516 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 517 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 518 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 519 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 520 goto done; 521 } 522 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 523 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 524 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / 525 BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 526 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 528 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 529 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 530 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 531 } 532 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 533 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 534 RESFTE; 535 if (cls > x) 536 cls = x; 537 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 538 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 539 cls); 540 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 541 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 542 mincls(fat)); 543 goto done; 544 } 545 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 546 cls = maxcls(fat); 547 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 548 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 549 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 550 } 551 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 552 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 553 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 554 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 555 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 556 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 557 if (fat == 32) 558 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 559 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 560 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 561 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 562 } 563 if (fat != 32) { 564 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 565 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 566 } 567 print_bpb(&bpb); 568 if (!o.no_create) { 569 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 570 now = tv.tv_sec; 571 tm = localtime(&now); 572 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 573 warn(NULL); 574 goto done; 575 } 576 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 577 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 578 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 579 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 580 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 581 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 582 goto done; 583 } 584 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 585 if (got_siginfo) { 586 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 587 fname, lsn, 588 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 589 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 590 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 591 got_siginfo = 0; 592 } 593 x = lsn; 594 if (o.bootstrap && 595 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 596 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 597 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 598 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 599 warn("%s", bname); 600 goto done; 601 } 602 } 603 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 604 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 605 warn("%s", bname); 606 goto done; 607 } 608 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 609 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 610 goto done; 611 } 612 } else 613 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 614 if (!lsn || 615 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 616 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 617 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 618 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 619 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 620 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 621 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 622 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 623 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 624 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 625 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 626 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 627 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 628 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 629 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 630 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 631 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 632 if (fat == 32) { 633 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 634 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 635 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 636 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 637 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 638 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 639 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 640 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 641 } 642 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 643 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 644 if (o.volume_id_set) 645 x = o.volume_id; 646 else 647 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 648 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 649 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 650 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 651 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 652 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 653 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 654 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 655 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 656 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 657 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 658 if (!o.bootstrap) { 659 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 660 bs = (struct bs *)img; 661 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 662 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 663 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 664 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 665 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 666 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 667 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 668 } 669 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 670 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 671 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 672 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 673 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 674 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 675 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 676 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 677 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 678 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 679 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 680 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 681 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 682 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 683 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 684 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 685 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 686 de = (struct de *)img; 687 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 688 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 689 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 690 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 691 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 692 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 693 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 694 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 695 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 696 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 697 } 698 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 699 warn("%s", fname); 700 goto done; 701 } 702 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 703 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 704 goto done; 705 } 706 } 707 } 708 rv = 0; 709 done: 710 free(img); 711 712 return rv; 713 } 714 715 /* 716 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 717 */ 718 static int 719 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 720 { 721 struct statfs *mp; 722 const char *s1, *s2; 723 size_t len; 724 int n, r; 725 726 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 727 warn("getmntinfo"); 728 return -1; 729 } 730 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 731 s1 = fname; 732 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 733 s1 += len; 734 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 735 for (; n--; mp++) { 736 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 737 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 738 s2 += len; 739 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 740 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 741 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 742 return -1; 743 } 744 } 745 return 0; 746 } 747 748 /* 749 * Get a standard format. 750 */ 751 static int 752 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 753 { 754 u_int x, i; 755 756 x = nitems(stdfmt); 757 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 758 if (i == x) { 759 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 760 return -1; 761 } 762 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 763 return 0; 764 } 765 766 /* 767 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 768 */ 769 static int 770 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 771 struct bpb *bpb) 772 { 773 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 774 struct fd_type type; 775 off_t ms, hs = 0; 776 777 lp = NULL; 778 779 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 780 if (dtype != NULL) { 781 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 782 } 783 784 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 785 if (lp == NULL) { 786 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 787 struct stat st; 788 789 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 790 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 791 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 792 ms = st.st_size; 793 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 794 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 795 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 796 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 797 lp = &dlp; 798 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 799 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 800 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 801 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 802 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 803 lp = &dlp; 804 } 805 } 806 807 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 808 if (lp == NULL) { 809 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 810 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 811 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 812 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 813 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 814 815 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 816 817 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 818 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 819 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 820 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 821 } 822 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 823 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 824 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 825 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 826 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 827 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 828 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 829 else 830 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 831 } 832 833 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 834 lp = &dlp; 835 } 836 837 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 838 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 839 return -1; 840 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 841 } 842 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 843 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 844 return -1; 845 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 846 } 847 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 848 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 849 return -1; 850 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 851 } 852 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 853 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 854 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 855 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 856 return 0; 857 } 858 859 /* 860 * Print out BPB values. 861 */ 862 static void 863 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 864 { 865 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 866 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 867 bpb->bpbFATs); 868 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 869 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 870 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 871 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 872 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 873 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 874 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 875 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 876 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 877 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 878 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 879 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 880 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 881 bpb->bpbRootClust); 882 printf(" FSInfo="); 883 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 884 printf(" Backup="); 885 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 886 } 887 printf("\n"); 888 } 889 890 /* 891 * Check a disk geometry value. 892 */ 893 static int 894 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 895 { 896 if (!val) { 897 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 898 return -1; 899 } 900 if (val > MAXU16) { 901 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 902 return -1; 903 } 904 return 0; 905 } 906 907 /* 908 * Check a volume label. 909 */ 910 static int 911 oklabel(const char *src) 912 { 913 int c, i; 914 915 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 916 c = (u_char)*src++; 917 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 918 break; 919 } 920 return i && !c; 921 } 922 923 /* 924 * Make a volume label. 925 */ 926 static void 927 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 928 { 929 int c, i; 930 931 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 932 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 933 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 934 } 935 } 936 937 /* 938 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 939 */ 940 static void 941 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 942 { 943 while (len--) 944 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 945 } 946 947 static void 948 infohandler(int sig __unused) 949 { 950 951 got_siginfo = 1; 952 } 953