xref: /freebsd/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c (revision 5e386598a6d77973b93c073080f0cc574edda9e2)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
12  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
13  *    distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16  * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
21  * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
22  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
23  * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
24  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
25  * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #ifndef lint
29 static const char rcsid[] =
30   "$FreeBSD$";
31 #endif /* not lint */
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
35 #include <sys/disk.h>
36 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
37 #include <sys/mount.h>
38 #include <sys/stat.h>
39 #include <sys/time.h>
40 
41 #include <ctype.h>
42 #include <err.h>
43 #include <errno.h>
44 #include <fcntl.h>
45 #include <inttypes.h>
46 #include <paths.h>
47 #include <signal.h>
48 #include <stdio.h>
49 #include <stdlib.h>
50 #include <string.h>
51 #include <time.h>
52 #include <unistd.h>
53 
54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
55 
56 #define	MAXU16	  0xffff	/* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
57 #define	BPN	  4		/* bits per nibble */
58 #define	NPB	  2		/* nibbles per byte */
59 
60 #define	DOSMAGIC  0xaa55	/* DOS magic number */
61 #define	MINBPS	  512		/* minimum bytes per sector */
62 #define	MAXSPC	  128		/* maximum sectors per cluster */
63 #define	MAXNFT	  16		/* maximum number of FATs */
64 #define	DEFBLK	  4096		/* default block size */
65 #define	DEFBLK16  2048		/* default block size FAT16 */
66 #define	DEFRDE	  512		/* default root directory entries */
67 #define	RESFTE	  2		/* reserved FAT entries */
68 #define	MINCLS12  1U		/* minimum FAT12 clusters */
69 #define	MINCLS16  0xff5U	/* minimum FAT16 clusters */
70 #define	MINCLS32  0xfff5U	/* minimum FAT32 clusters */
71 #define	MAXCLS12  0xff4U	/* maximum FAT12 clusters */
72 #define	MAXCLS16  0xfff4U	/* maximum FAT16 clusters */
73 #define	MAXCLS32  0xffffff4U	/* maximum FAT32 clusters */
74 
75 #define	mincls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 :	\
76 		      (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 :	\
77 				    MINCLS32)
78 
79 #define	maxcls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 :	\
80 		      (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 :	\
81 				    MAXCLS32)
82 
83 #define	mk1(p, x)				\
84     (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
85 
86 #define	mk2(p, x)				\
87     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
88     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
89 
90 #define	mk4(p, x)				\
91     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
92     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010),		\
93     (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020),		\
94     (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
95 
96 struct bs {
97     u_int8_t bsJump[3];			/* bootstrap entry point */
98     u_int8_t bsOemName[8];		/* OEM name and version */
99 } __packed;
100 
101 struct bsbpb {
102     u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2];		/* bytes per sector */
103     u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust;		/* sectors per cluster */
104     u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2];		/* reserved sectors */
105     u_int8_t bpbFATs;			/* number of FATs */
106     u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2];		/* root directory entries */
107     u_int8_t bpbSectors[2];		/* total sectors */
108     u_int8_t bpbMedia;			/* media descriptor */
109     u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2];		/* sectors per FAT */
110     u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2];		/* sectors per track */
111     u_int8_t bpbHeads[2];		/* drive heads */
112     u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4];		/* hidden sectors */
113     u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4];		/* big total sectors */
114 } __packed;
115 
116 struct bsxbpb {
117     u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4];		/* big sectors per FAT */
118     u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2];		/* FAT control flags */
119     u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2];		/* file system version */
120     u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4];		/* root directory start cluster */
121     u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2];		/* file system info sector */
122     u_int8_t bpbBackup[2];		/* backup boot sector */
123     u_int8_t bpbReserved[12];		/* reserved */
124 } __packed;
125 
126 struct bsx {
127     u_int8_t exDriveNumber;		/* drive number */
128     u_int8_t exReserved1;		/* reserved */
129     u_int8_t exBootSignature;		/* extended boot signature */
130     u_int8_t exVolumeID[4];		/* volume ID number */
131     u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11];		/* volume label */
132     u_int8_t exFileSysType[8];		/* file system type */
133 } __packed;
134 
135 struct de {
136     u_int8_t deName[11];		/* name and extension */
137     u_int8_t deAttributes;		/* attributes */
138     u_int8_t rsvd[10];			/* reserved */
139     u_int8_t deMTime[2];		/* last-modified time */
140     u_int8_t deMDate[2];		/* last-modified date */
141     u_int8_t deStartCluster[2];		/* starting cluster */
142     u_int8_t deFileSize[4];		/* size */
143 } __packed;
144 
145 struct bpb {
146     u_int bpbBytesPerSec;		/* bytes per sector */
147     u_int bpbSecPerClust;		/* sectors per cluster */
148     u_int bpbResSectors;		/* reserved sectors */
149     u_int bpbFATs;			/* number of FATs */
150     u_int bpbRootDirEnts;		/* root directory entries */
151     u_int bpbSectors;			/* total sectors */
152     u_int bpbMedia;			/* media descriptor */
153     u_int bpbFATsecs;			/* sectors per FAT */
154     u_int bpbSecPerTrack;		/* sectors per track */
155     u_int bpbHeads;			/* drive heads */
156     u_int bpbHiddenSecs;		/* hidden sectors */
157     u_int bpbHugeSectors; 		/* big total sectors */
158     u_int bpbBigFATsecs; 		/* big sectors per FAT */
159     u_int bpbRootClust; 		/* root directory start cluster */
160     u_int bpbFSInfo; 			/* file system info sector */
161     u_int bpbBackup; 			/* backup boot sector */
162 };
163 
164 #define	BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
165 
166 static struct {
167     const char *name;
168     struct bpb bpb;
169 } const stdfmt[] = {
170     {"160",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  320, 0xfe, 1,  8, 1, BPBGAP}},
171     {"180",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  360, 0xfc, 2,  9, 1, BPBGAP}},
172     {"320",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  640, 0xff, 1,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
173     {"360",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  720, 0xfd, 2,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
174     {"640",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
175     {"720",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
176     {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
177     {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
178     {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
179     {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
180 };
181 
182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
183     0xfa,			/* cli		    */
184     0x31, 0xc0, 		/* xor	   ax,ax    */
185     0x8e, 0xd0, 		/* mov	   ss,ax    */
186     0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c,		/* mov	   sp,7c00h */
187     0xfb,			/* sti		    */
188     0x8e, 0xd8, 		/* mov	   ds,ax    */
189     0xe8, 0x00, 0x00,		/* call    $ + 3    */
190     0x5e,			/* pop	   si	    */
191     0x83, 0xc6, 0x19,		/* add	   si,+19h  */
192     0xbb, 0x07, 0x00,		/* mov	   bx,0007h */
193     0xfc,			/* cld		    */
194     0xac,			/* lodsb	    */
195     0x84, 0xc0, 		/* test    al,al    */
196     0x74, 0x06, 		/* jz	   $ + 8    */
197     0xb4, 0x0e, 		/* mov	   ah,0eh   */
198     0xcd, 0x10, 		/* int	   10h	    */
199     0xeb, 0xf5, 		/* jmp	   $ - 9    */
200     0x30, 0xe4, 		/* xor	   ah,ah    */
201     0xcd, 0x16, 		/* int	   16h	    */
202     0xcd, 0x19, 		/* int	   19h	    */
203     0x0d, 0x0a,
204     'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
205     'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
206     0x0d, 0x0a,
207     'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
208     'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
209     ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
210     0x0d, 0x0a,
211     0
212 };
213 
214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
215 static void infohandler(int);
216 
217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
223 static int oklabel(const char *);
224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
225 
226 int
227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
228 {
229     char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
230     struct sigaction si_sa;
231     struct stat sb;
232     struct timeval tv;
233     struct bpb bpb;
234     struct tm *tm;
235     struct bs *bs;
236     struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
237     struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
238     struct bsx *bsx;
239     struct de *de;
240     u_int8_t *img;
241     const char *bname;
242     ssize_t n;
243     time_t now;
244     u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
245     int fd, fd1, rv;
246     struct msdos_options o = *op;
247 
248     img = NULL;
249     rv = -1;
250 
251     if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
252 	warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
253 	goto done;
254     }
255     if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
256 	warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
257 	goto done;
258     }
259     if (o.create_size) {
260 	if (o.no_create) {
261 	    warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
262 	    goto done;
263 	}
264 	fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
265 	if (fd == -1) {
266 	    warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
267 	    goto done;
268 	}
269 	if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
270 	    warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
271 	    goto done;
272 	}
273     } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
274 	warn("%s", fname);
275 	goto done;
276     }
277     if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
278 	warn("%s", fname);
279 	goto done;
280     }
281     if (o.create_size) {
282 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
283 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
284     } else {
285 	if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
286 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
287     }
288     if (!o.no_create)
289 	if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
290 	    goto done;
291     if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
292 	warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
293 	goto done;
294     }
295     memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
296     if (o.floppy) {
297 	if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
298 	    goto done;
299 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
300 	bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
301 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
302 	bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
303     }
304     if (o.drive_heads)
305 	bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
306     if (o.sectors_per_track)
307 	bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
308     if (o.bytes_per_sector)
309 	bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
310     if (o.size)
311 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
312     if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
313 	bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
314     if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
315 	o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
316 	getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
317 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
318 	if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) {	/* set defaults */
319 	    if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000)	/* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
320 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
321 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
322 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
323 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
324 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
325 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
326 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
327 	    else
328 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64;		/* otherwise 32k */
329 	}
330     }
331     if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
332 	warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
333 	goto done;
334     }
335     if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
336 	warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
337 	     bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
338 	goto done;
339     }
340 
341     if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
342 	warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
343 	goto done;
344     }
345     if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
346 	if (o.floppy)
347 	    fat = 12;
348 	else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
349 	    fat = 32;
350     }
351     if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
352 	warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
353 	     fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
354 	     fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
355 	goto done;
356     }
357     if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
358 	bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
359     if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
360 	warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
361 	goto done;
362     }
363 
364     if (o.block_size) {
365 	if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
366 	    warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
367 	    goto done;
368 	}
369 	if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
370 	    warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
371 		 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
372 	    goto done;
373 	}
374 	if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
375 	    warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
376 		 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
377 	    goto done;
378 	}
379 	bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
380     }
381     if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
382 	if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
383 	    warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
384 		o.sectors_per_cluster);
385 	    goto done;
386 	}
387 	bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
388     }
389     if (o.reserved_sectors)
390 	bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
391     if (o.num_FAT) {
392 	if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
393 	    warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
394 		 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
395 	    goto done;
396 	}
397 	bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
398     }
399     if (o.directory_entries)
400 	bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
401     if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
402 	if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
403 	    warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
404 	    goto done;
405 	}
406 	bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
407     }
408     if (o.sectors_per_fat)
409 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
410     if (o.info_sector)
411 	bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
412     if (o.backup_sector)
413 	bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
414     bss = 1;
415     bname = NULL;
416     fd1 = -1;
417     if (o.bootstrap) {
418 	bname = o.bootstrap;
419 	if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
420 	    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
421 	    if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
422 		warn(NULL);
423 		goto done;
424 	    }
425 	}
426 	if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
427 	    warn("%s", bname);
428 	    goto done;
429 	}
430 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
431 	    sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
432 	    sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
433 	    warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
434 	    goto done;
435 	}
436 	bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
437     }
438     if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
439 	bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
440     if (!fat) {
441 	if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
442 	    howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
443 		(bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
444 		bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
445 	    bpb.bpbFATs +
446 	    howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
447 		    bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
448 	    (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
449 	    (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
450 	     howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
451 	    fat = 12;
452 	else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
453 		 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
454 		 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
455 		 bpb.bpbFATs +
456 		 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
457 		 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
458 		 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
459 		  howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
460 	    fat = 16;
461 	else
462 	    fat = 32;
463     }
464     x = bss;
465     if (fat == 32) {
466 	if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
467 	    if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
468 		warnx("no room for info sector");
469 		goto done;
470 	    }
471 	    bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
472 	}
473 	if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
474 	    x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
475 	if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
476 	    if (x == MAXU16) {
477 		warnx("no room for backup sector");
478 		goto done;
479 	    }
480 	    bpb.bpbBackup = x;
481 	} else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
482 	    warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
483 	    goto done;
484 	}
485 	if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
486 	    x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
487     }
488     if (!bpb.bpbResSectors)
489 	bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ?
490 	    MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x;
491     else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
492 	warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
493 	     bpb.bpbResSectors);
494 	goto done;
495     }
496     if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
497 	bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
498     rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
499     if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust)
500 	for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
501 					  DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
502 	     bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC &&
503 	     bpb.bpbResSectors +
504 	     howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
505 		     bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
506 	     bpb.bpbFATs +
507 	     rds +
508 	     (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) *
509 	     bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
510 	     bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
511 	    continue;
512     if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
513 	warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
514 	goto done;
515     }
516     x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
517     x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
518     if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
519 	warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
520 	goto done;
521     }
522     x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
523     x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
524 	(bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat /
525 	 BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
526     x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
527 		 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
528     if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) {
529 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
530 	x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
531     }
532     cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
533     x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
534 	RESFTE;
535     if (cls > x)
536 	cls = x;
537     if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
538 	warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
539 	      cls);
540     if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
541 	warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
542 	    mincls(fat));
543 	goto done;
544     }
545     if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
546 	cls = maxcls(fat);
547 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
548 	warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
549 	      bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
550     }
551     printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
552 	   "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
553 	   cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
554 	   cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
555     if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
556 	bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
557     if (fat == 32)
558 	bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
559     if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
560 	bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
561 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
562     }
563     if (fat != 32) {
564 	bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
565 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
566     }
567     print_bpb(&bpb);
568     if (!o.no_create) {
569 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
570 	now = tv.tv_sec;
571 	tm = localtime(&now);
572 	if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
573 	    warn(NULL);
574 	    goto done;
575 	}
576 	dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
577 				   bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
578 	memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
579 	si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
580 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
581 	    warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
582 	    goto done;
583 	}
584 	for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
585 	    if (got_siginfo) {
586 		    fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
587 			fname, lsn,
588 			(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
589 			(lsn * 100) / (dir +
590 			    (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
591 		    got_siginfo = 0;
592 	    }
593 	    x = lsn;
594 	    if (o.bootstrap &&
595 		fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
596 		bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
597 		x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
598 		if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
599 		    warn("%s", bname);
600 		    goto done;
601 		}
602 	    }
603 	    if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
604 		if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
605 		    warn("%s", bname);
606 		    goto done;
607 		}
608 		if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
609 		    warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
610 		    goto done;
611 		}
612 	    } else
613 		memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
614 	    if (!lsn ||
615 		(fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
616 		 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
617 		x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
618 		bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
619 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
620 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
621 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
622 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
623 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
624 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
625 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
626 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
627 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
628 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
629 		mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
630 		mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
631 		x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
632 		if (fat == 32) {
633 		    bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
634 		    mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
635 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
636 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
637 		    mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
638 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
639 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
640 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
641 		}
642 		bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
643 		mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
644 		if (o.volume_id_set)
645 		    x = o.volume_id;
646 		else
647 		    x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
648 			  (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
649 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
650 			  (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
651 			((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
652 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
653 			  (u_int)tm->tm_min));
654 		mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
655 		mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
656 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
657 		setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
658 		if (!o.bootstrap) {
659 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
660 		    bs = (struct bs *)img;
661 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
662 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
663 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
664 		    setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4  ",
665 			   sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
666 		    memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
667 		    mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
668 		}
669 	    } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
670 		       (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
671 			(bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
672 			 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
673 		mk4(img, 0x41615252);
674 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
675 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
676 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
677 		mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
678 	    } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
679 		       !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
680 			 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
681 			  bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
682 		mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
683 		for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
684 		    mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
685 	    } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
686 		de = (struct de *)img;
687 		mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
688 		mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
689 		x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
690 		    (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
691 		    (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
692 		mk2(de->deMTime, x);
693 		x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
694 		    (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
695 		    (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
696 		mk2(de->deMDate, x);
697 	    }
698 	    if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
699 		warn("%s", fname);
700 		goto done;
701 	    }
702 	    if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
703 		warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
704 		goto done;
705 	    }
706 	}
707     }
708     rv = 0;
709 done:
710     free(img);
711 
712     return rv;
713 }
714 
715 /*
716  * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
717  */
718 static int
719 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
720 {
721     struct statfs *mp;
722     const char *s1, *s2;
723     size_t len;
724     int n, r;
725 
726     if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
727 	warn("getmntinfo");
728 	return -1;
729     }
730     len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
731     s1 = fname;
732     if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
733 	s1 += len;
734     r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
735     for (; n--; mp++) {
736 	s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
737 	if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
738 	    s2 += len;
739 	if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
740 	    !strcmp(s1, s2)) {
741 	    warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
742 	    return -1;
743 	}
744     }
745     return 0;
746 }
747 
748 /*
749  * Get a standard format.
750  */
751 static int
752 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
753 {
754     u_int x, i;
755 
756     x = nitems(stdfmt);
757     for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
758     if (i == x) {
759 	warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
760 	return -1;
761     }
762     *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
763     return 0;
764 }
765 
766 /*
767  * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
768  */
769 static int
770 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
771 	    struct bpb *bpb)
772 {
773     struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
774     struct fd_type type;
775     off_t ms, hs = 0;
776 
777     lp = NULL;
778 
779     /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
780     if (dtype != NULL) {
781 	lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
782     }
783 
784     /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
785     if (lp == NULL) {
786 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
787 	    struct stat st;
788 
789 	    if (fstat(fd, &st))
790 		err(1, "cannot get disk size");
791 	    /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
792 	    ms = st.st_size;
793 	    dlp.d_secsize = 512;
794 	    dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
795 	    dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
796 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
797 	    lp = &dlp;
798 	} else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
799 	    dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
800 	    dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
801 	    dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
802 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
803 	    lp = &dlp;
804 	}
805     }
806 
807     /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
808     if (lp == NULL) {
809 	if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
810 	    dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
811 	if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
812 					      &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
813 	    err(1, "cannot get sector size");
814 
815 	dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
816 
817 	if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
818 					      &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
819 	    warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
820 	    dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
821 	}
822 	if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
823 	    ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
824 	    warn("cannot get number of heads");
825 	    if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
826 		dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
827 	    else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
828 		dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
829 	    else
830 		dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
831 	}
832 
833 	hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
834 	lp = &dlp;
835     }
836 
837     if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
838 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
839 	    return -1;
840 	bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
841     }
842     if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
843 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
844 	    return -1;
845 	bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
846     }
847     if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
848 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
849 	    return -1;
850 	bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
851     }
852     if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
853 	bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
854     if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
855 	bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
856     return 0;
857 }
858 
859 /*
860  * Print out BPB values.
861  */
862 static void
863 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
864 {
865     printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
866 	   bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
867 	   bpb->bpbFATs);
868     if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
869 	printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
870     if (bpb->bpbSectors)
871 	printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
872     printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
873     if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
874 	printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
875     printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
876 	   bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
877     if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
878 	printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
879     if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
880 	printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
881 	       bpb->bpbRootClust);
882 	printf(" FSInfo=");
883 	printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
884 	printf(" Backup=");
885 	printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
886     }
887     printf("\n");
888 }
889 
890 /*
891  * Check a disk geometry value.
892  */
893 static int
894 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
895 {
896     if (!val) {
897 	warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
898 	return -1;
899     }
900     if (val > MAXU16) {
901 	warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
902 	return -1;
903     }
904     return 0;
905 }
906 
907 /*
908  * Check a volume label.
909  */
910 static int
911 oklabel(const char *src)
912 {
913     int c, i;
914 
915     for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
916 	c = (u_char)*src++;
917 	if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
918 	    break;
919     }
920     return i && !c;
921 }
922 
923 /*
924  * Make a volume label.
925  */
926 static void
927 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
928 {
929     int c, i;
930 
931     for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
932 	c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
933 	*dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
934     }
935 }
936 
937 /*
938  * Copy string, padding with spaces.
939  */
940 static void
941 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
942 {
943     while (len--)
944 	*dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
945 }
946 
947 static void
948 infohandler(int sig __unused)
949 {
950 
951 	got_siginfo = 1;
952 }
953