1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 35 #include <sys/disk.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/time.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 74 75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 77 MINCLS32) 78 79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 81 MAXCLS32) 82 83 #define mk1(p, x) \ 84 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 85 86 #define mk2(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 89 90 #define mk4(p, x) \ 91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 95 96 struct bs { 97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 } __packed; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 124 } __packed; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 133 } __packed; 134 135 struct de { 136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 143 } __packed; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 165 166 static struct { 167 const char *name; 168 struct bpb bpb; 169 } const stdfmt[] = { 170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 180 }; 181 182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 183 0xfa, /* cli */ 184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 187 0xfb, /* sti */ 188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 190 0x5e, /* pop si */ 191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 193 0xfc, /* cld */ 194 0xac, /* lodsb */ 195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 0 212 }; 213 214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 215 static void infohandler(int); 216 217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 223 static int oklabel(const char *); 224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 225 226 int 227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 228 { 229 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 230 struct sigaction si_sa; 231 struct stat sb; 232 struct timeval tv; 233 struct bpb bpb; 234 struct tm *tm; 235 struct bs *bs; 236 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 237 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 238 struct bsx *bsx; 239 struct de *de; 240 u_int8_t *img; 241 const char *bname; 242 ssize_t n; 243 time_t now; 244 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 245 int fd, fd1, rv; 246 struct msdos_options o = *op; 247 248 img = NULL; 249 rv = -1; 250 fd = fd1 = -1; 251 252 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 253 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 254 goto done; 255 } 256 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 257 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 258 goto done; 259 } 260 if (o.create_size) { 261 if (o.no_create) { 262 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 263 goto done; 264 } 265 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 266 if (fd == -1) { 267 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 268 goto done; 269 } 270 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 271 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 272 goto done; 273 } 274 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 275 warn("%s", fname); 276 goto done; 277 } 278 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 279 warn("%s", fname); 280 goto done; 281 } 282 if (o.create_size) { 283 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 284 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 285 } else { 286 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 287 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 288 } 289 if (!o.no_create) 290 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 291 goto done; 292 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 293 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 294 goto done; 295 } 296 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 297 if (o.floppy) { 298 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 299 goto done; 300 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 301 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 302 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 303 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 304 } 305 if (o.drive_heads) 306 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 307 if (o.sectors_per_track) 308 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 309 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 310 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 311 if (o.size) 312 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 313 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 314 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 315 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 316 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 317 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 318 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 319 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 320 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 321 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 322 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 323 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 324 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 325 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 326 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 328 else 329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 330 } 331 } 332 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 333 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 334 goto done; 335 } 336 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 337 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 338 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 339 goto done; 340 } 341 342 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 343 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 344 goto done; 345 } 346 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 347 if (o.floppy) 348 fat = 12; 349 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 350 fat = 32; 351 } 352 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 353 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 354 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 355 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 356 goto done; 357 } 358 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 359 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 360 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 361 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 362 goto done; 363 } 364 365 if (o.block_size) { 366 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 367 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 368 goto done; 369 } 370 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 371 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 372 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 373 goto done; 374 } 375 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 376 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 377 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 378 goto done; 379 } 380 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 381 } 382 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 383 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 384 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 385 o.sectors_per_cluster); 386 goto done; 387 } 388 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 389 } 390 if (o.reserved_sectors) 391 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 392 if (o.num_FAT) { 393 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 394 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 395 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 396 goto done; 397 } 398 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 399 } 400 if (o.directory_entries) 401 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 402 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 403 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 404 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 405 goto done; 406 } 407 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 408 } 409 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 410 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 411 if (o.info_sector) 412 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 413 if (o.backup_sector) 414 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 415 bss = 1; 416 bname = NULL; 417 fd1 = -1; 418 if (o.bootstrap) { 419 bname = o.bootstrap; 420 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 421 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 422 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 423 warn(NULL); 424 goto done; 425 } 426 } 427 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 428 warn("%s", bname); 429 goto done; 430 } 431 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 432 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 433 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 434 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 435 goto done; 436 } 437 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 438 } 439 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 440 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 441 if (!fat) { 442 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 443 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 444 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 445 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 446 bpb.bpbFATs + 447 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 448 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 449 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 450 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 451 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 452 fat = 12; 453 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 454 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 455 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 456 bpb.bpbFATs + 457 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 458 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 459 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 460 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 461 fat = 16; 462 else 463 fat = 32; 464 } 465 x = bss; 466 if (fat == 32) { 467 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 468 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 469 warnx("no room for info sector"); 470 goto done; 471 } 472 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 473 } 474 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 475 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 476 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 477 if (x == MAXU16) { 478 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 479 goto done; 480 } 481 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 482 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 483 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 484 goto done; 485 } 486 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 487 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 488 } 489 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 490 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? 491 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 492 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 493 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 494 bpb.bpbResSectors); 495 goto done; 496 } 497 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 498 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 499 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 500 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 501 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 502 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 503 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 504 bpb.bpbResSectors + 505 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 506 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 507 bpb.bpbFATs + 508 rds + 509 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * 510 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 511 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 512 continue; 513 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 514 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 515 goto done; 516 } 517 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 518 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 519 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 520 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 521 goto done; 522 } 523 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 524 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 525 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / 526 BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 527 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 528 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 529 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 530 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 531 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 532 } 533 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 534 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 535 RESFTE; 536 if (cls > x) 537 cls = x; 538 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 539 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 540 cls); 541 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 542 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 543 mincls(fat)); 544 goto done; 545 } 546 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 547 cls = maxcls(fat); 548 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 549 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 550 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 551 } 552 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 553 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 554 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 555 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 556 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 557 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 558 if (fat == 32) 559 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 560 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 561 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 562 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 563 } 564 if (fat != 32) { 565 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 566 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 567 } 568 print_bpb(&bpb); 569 if (!o.no_create) { 570 if (o.timestamp_set) { 571 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 572 tv.tv_usec = 0; 573 tm = gmtime(&now); 574 } else { 575 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 576 now = tv.tv_sec; 577 tm = localtime(&now); 578 } 579 580 581 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 582 warn(NULL); 583 goto done; 584 } 585 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 586 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 587 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 588 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 589 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 590 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 591 goto done; 592 } 593 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 594 if (got_siginfo) { 595 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 596 fname, lsn, 597 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 598 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 599 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 600 got_siginfo = 0; 601 } 602 x = lsn; 603 if (o.bootstrap && 604 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 605 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 606 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 607 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 608 warn("%s", bname); 609 goto done; 610 } 611 } 612 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 613 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 614 warn("%s", bname); 615 goto done; 616 } 617 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 618 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 619 goto done; 620 } 621 } else 622 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 623 if (!lsn || 624 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 625 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 626 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 627 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 628 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 629 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 630 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 631 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 632 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 633 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 634 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 635 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 636 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 637 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 638 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 639 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 640 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 641 if (fat == 32) { 642 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 643 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 644 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 645 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 646 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 647 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 648 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 649 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 650 } 651 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 652 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 653 if (o.volume_id_set) 654 x = o.volume_id; 655 else 656 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 657 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 658 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 659 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 660 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 661 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 662 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 663 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 664 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 665 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 666 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 667 if (!o.bootstrap) { 668 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 669 bs = (struct bs *)img; 670 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 671 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 672 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 673 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 674 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 675 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 676 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 677 } 678 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 679 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 680 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 681 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 682 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 683 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 684 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 685 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 686 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 687 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 688 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 689 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 690 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 691 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 692 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 693 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 694 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 695 de = (struct de *)img; 696 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 697 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 698 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 699 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 700 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 701 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 702 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 703 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 704 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 705 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 706 } 707 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 708 warn("%s", fname); 709 goto done; 710 } 711 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 712 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 713 goto done; 714 } 715 } 716 } 717 rv = 0; 718 done: 719 free(img); 720 if (fd != -1) 721 close(fd); 722 if (fd1 != -1) 723 close(fd1); 724 725 return rv; 726 } 727 728 /* 729 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 730 */ 731 static int 732 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 733 { 734 struct statfs *mp; 735 const char *s1, *s2; 736 size_t len; 737 int n, r; 738 739 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 740 warn("getmntinfo"); 741 return -1; 742 } 743 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 744 s1 = fname; 745 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 746 s1 += len; 747 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 748 for (; n--; mp++) { 749 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 750 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 751 s2 += len; 752 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 753 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 754 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 755 return -1; 756 } 757 } 758 return 0; 759 } 760 761 /* 762 * Get a standard format. 763 */ 764 static int 765 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 766 { 767 u_int x, i; 768 769 x = nitems(stdfmt); 770 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 771 if (i == x) { 772 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 773 return -1; 774 } 775 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 776 return 0; 777 } 778 779 /* 780 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 781 */ 782 static int 783 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 784 struct bpb *bpb) 785 { 786 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 787 struct fd_type type; 788 off_t ms, hs = 0; 789 790 lp = NULL; 791 792 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 793 if (dtype != NULL) { 794 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 795 } 796 797 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 798 if (lp == NULL) { 799 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 800 struct stat st; 801 802 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 803 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 804 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 805 ms = st.st_size; 806 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 807 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 808 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 809 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 810 lp = &dlp; 811 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 812 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 813 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 814 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 815 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 816 lp = &dlp; 817 } 818 } 819 820 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 821 if (lp == NULL) { 822 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 823 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 824 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 825 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 826 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 827 828 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 829 830 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 831 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 832 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 833 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 834 } 835 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 836 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 837 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 838 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 839 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 840 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 841 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 842 else 843 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 844 } 845 846 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 847 lp = &dlp; 848 } 849 850 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 851 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 852 return -1; 853 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 854 } 855 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 856 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 857 return -1; 858 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 859 } 860 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 861 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 862 return -1; 863 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 864 } 865 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 866 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 867 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 868 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 869 return 0; 870 } 871 872 /* 873 * Print out BPB values. 874 */ 875 static void 876 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 877 { 878 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 879 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 880 bpb->bpbFATs); 881 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 882 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 883 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 884 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 885 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 886 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 887 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 888 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 889 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 890 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 891 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 892 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 893 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 894 bpb->bpbRootClust); 895 printf(" FSInfo="); 896 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 897 printf(" Backup="); 898 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 899 } 900 printf("\n"); 901 } 902 903 /* 904 * Check a disk geometry value. 905 */ 906 static int 907 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 908 { 909 if (!val) { 910 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 911 return -1; 912 } 913 if (val > MAXU16) { 914 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 915 return -1; 916 } 917 return 0; 918 } 919 920 /* 921 * Check a volume label. 922 */ 923 static int 924 oklabel(const char *src) 925 { 926 int c, i; 927 928 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 929 c = (u_char)*src++; 930 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 931 break; 932 } 933 return i && !c; 934 } 935 936 /* 937 * Make a volume label. 938 */ 939 static void 940 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 941 { 942 int c, i; 943 944 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 945 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 946 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 947 } 948 } 949 950 /* 951 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 952 */ 953 static void 954 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 955 { 956 while (len--) 957 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 958 } 959 960 static void 961 infohandler(int sig __unused) 962 { 963 964 got_siginfo = 1; 965 } 966