1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 35 #include <sys/disk.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/time.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 74 75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 77 MINCLS32) 78 79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 81 MAXCLS32) 82 83 #define mk1(p, x) \ 84 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 85 86 #define mk2(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 89 90 #define mk4(p, x) \ 91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 95 96 struct bs { 97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 } __packed; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 124 } __packed; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 133 } __packed; 134 135 struct de { 136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 143 } __packed; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 165 166 static struct { 167 const char *name; 168 struct bpb bpb; 169 } const stdfmt[] = { 170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 180 }; 181 182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 183 0xfa, /* cli */ 184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 187 0xfb, /* sti */ 188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 190 0x5e, /* pop si */ 191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 193 0xfc, /* cld */ 194 0xac, /* lodsb */ 195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 0 212 }; 213 214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 215 static void infohandler(int); 216 217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 218 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 219 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 220 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 221 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 222 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 223 static int oklabel(const char *); 224 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 225 226 int 227 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 228 { 229 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 230 struct sigaction si_sa; 231 struct stat sb; 232 struct timeval tv; 233 struct bpb bpb; 234 struct tm *tm; 235 struct bs *bs; 236 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 237 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 238 struct bsx *bsx; 239 struct de *de; 240 u_int8_t *img; 241 const char *bname; 242 ssize_t n; 243 time_t now; 244 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 245 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 246 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 247 int fd, fd1, rv; 248 struct msdos_options o = *op; 249 250 img = NULL; 251 rv = -1; 252 fd = fd1 = -1; 253 254 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 255 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 256 goto done; 257 } 258 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 259 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 260 goto done; 261 } 262 if (o.create_size) { 263 if (o.no_create) { 264 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 265 goto done; 266 } 267 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 268 if (fd == -1) { 269 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 270 goto done; 271 } 272 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 273 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 274 goto done; 275 } 276 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 277 warn("%s", fname); 278 goto done; 279 } 280 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 281 warn("%s", fname); 282 goto done; 283 } 284 if (o.create_size) { 285 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 286 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 287 } else { 288 #ifndef MAKEFS 289 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 290 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 291 #endif 292 } 293 if (!o.no_create) 294 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 295 goto done; 296 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 297 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 298 goto done; 299 } 300 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 301 if (o.floppy) { 302 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 303 goto done; 304 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 305 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 306 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 307 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 308 } 309 if (o.drive_heads) 310 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 311 if (o.sectors_per_track) 312 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 313 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 314 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 315 if (o.size) 316 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 317 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 318 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 319 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 320 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 321 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 322 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 323 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 324 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 325 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 326 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 328 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 330 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 331 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 332 else 333 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 334 } 335 } 336 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 337 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 338 goto done; 339 } 340 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 341 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 342 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 343 goto done; 344 } 345 346 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 347 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 348 goto done; 349 } 350 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 351 if (o.floppy) 352 fat = 12; 353 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 354 fat = 32; 355 } 356 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 357 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 358 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 359 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 360 goto done; 361 } 362 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 363 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 364 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 365 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 366 goto done; 367 } 368 369 if (o.block_size) { 370 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 371 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 372 goto done; 373 } 374 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 375 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 376 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 377 goto done; 378 } 379 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 380 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 381 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 382 goto done; 383 } 384 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 385 } 386 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 387 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 388 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 389 o.sectors_per_cluster); 390 goto done; 391 } 392 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 393 } 394 if (o.reserved_sectors) 395 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 396 if (o.num_FAT) { 397 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 398 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 399 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 400 goto done; 401 } 402 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 403 } 404 if (o.directory_entries) 405 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 406 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 407 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 408 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 409 goto done; 410 } 411 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 412 } 413 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 414 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 415 if (o.info_sector) 416 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 417 if (o.backup_sector) 418 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 419 bss = 1; 420 bname = NULL; 421 fd1 = -1; 422 if (o.bootstrap) { 423 bname = o.bootstrap; 424 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 425 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 426 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 427 warn(NULL); 428 goto done; 429 } 430 } 431 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 432 warn("%s", bname); 433 goto done; 434 } 435 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 436 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 437 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 438 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 439 goto done; 440 } 441 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 442 } 443 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 444 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 445 if (!fat) { 446 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 447 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 448 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 449 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 450 bpb.bpbFATs + 451 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 452 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 453 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 454 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 455 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 456 fat = 12; 457 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 458 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 459 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 460 bpb.bpbFATs + 461 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 462 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 463 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 464 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 465 fat = 16; 466 else 467 fat = 32; 468 } 469 x = bss; 470 if (fat == 32) { 471 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 472 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 473 warnx("no room for info sector"); 474 goto done; 475 } 476 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 477 } 478 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 479 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 480 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 481 if (x == MAXU16) { 482 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 483 goto done; 484 } 485 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 486 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 487 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 488 goto done; 489 } 490 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 491 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 492 } 493 494 extra_res = 0; 495 alignment = 0; 496 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 497 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 498 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 499 saved_x = x; 500 501 /* 502 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 503 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 504 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 505 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 506 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 507 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 508 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 509 */ 510 do { 511 x = saved_x; 512 if (set_res) 513 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 514 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 515 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 516 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 517 bpb.bpbResSectors); 518 goto done; 519 } 520 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 521 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 522 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 523 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 524 if (set_spc) { 525 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 526 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 527 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 528 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 529 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 530 rds + 531 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 532 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 533 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 534 continue; 535 536 } 537 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 538 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 539 goto done; 540 } 541 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 542 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 543 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 544 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 545 goto done; 546 } 547 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 548 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 549 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 550 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 551 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 552 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 553 if (set_spf) { 554 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 555 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 556 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 557 } 558 if (set_res) { 559 /* attempt to align root directory */ 560 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 561 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 562 if (o.align) 563 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 564 } 565 attempts++; 566 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 567 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 568 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 569 570 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 571 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 572 RESFTE; 573 if (cls > x) 574 cls = x; 575 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 576 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 577 cls); 578 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 579 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 580 mincls(fat)); 581 goto done; 582 } 583 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 584 cls = maxcls(fat); 585 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 586 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 587 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 588 } 589 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 590 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 591 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 592 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 593 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 594 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 595 if (fat == 32) 596 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 597 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 598 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 599 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 600 } 601 if (fat != 32) { 602 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 603 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 604 } 605 print_bpb(&bpb); 606 if (!o.no_create) { 607 if (o.timestamp_set) { 608 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 609 tv.tv_usec = 0; 610 tm = gmtime(&now); 611 } else { 612 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 613 now = tv.tv_sec; 614 tm = localtime(&now); 615 } 616 617 618 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 619 warn(NULL); 620 goto done; 621 } 622 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 623 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 624 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 625 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 626 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 627 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 628 goto done; 629 } 630 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 631 if (got_siginfo) { 632 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 633 fname, lsn, 634 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 635 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 636 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 637 got_siginfo = 0; 638 } 639 x = lsn; 640 if (o.bootstrap && 641 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 642 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 643 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 644 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 645 warn("%s", bname); 646 goto done; 647 } 648 } 649 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 650 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 651 warn("%s", bname); 652 goto done; 653 } 654 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 655 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 656 goto done; 657 } 658 } else 659 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 660 if (!lsn || 661 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 662 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 663 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 664 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 665 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 666 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 668 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 669 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 670 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 671 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 672 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 673 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 674 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 675 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 676 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 677 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 678 if (fat == 32) { 679 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 680 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 681 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 682 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 683 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 684 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 685 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 686 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 687 } 688 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 689 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 690 if (o.volume_id_set) 691 x = o.volume_id; 692 else 693 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 694 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 695 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 696 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 697 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 698 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 699 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 700 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 701 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 702 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 703 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 704 if (!o.bootstrap) { 705 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 706 bs = (struct bs *)img; 707 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 708 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 709 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 710 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 711 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 712 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 713 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 714 } 715 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 716 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 717 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 718 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 719 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 720 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 721 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 722 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 723 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 724 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 725 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 726 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 727 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 728 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 729 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 730 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 731 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 732 de = (struct de *)img; 733 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 734 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 735 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 736 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 737 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 738 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 739 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 740 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 741 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 742 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 743 } 744 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 745 warn("%s", fname); 746 goto done; 747 } 748 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 749 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 750 goto done; 751 } 752 } 753 } 754 rv = 0; 755 done: 756 free(img); 757 if (fd != -1) 758 close(fd); 759 if (fd1 != -1) 760 close(fd1); 761 762 return rv; 763 } 764 765 /* 766 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 767 */ 768 static int 769 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 770 { 771 struct statfs *mp; 772 const char *s1, *s2; 773 size_t len; 774 int n, r; 775 776 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 777 warn("getmntinfo"); 778 return -1; 779 } 780 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 781 s1 = fname; 782 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 783 s1 += len; 784 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 785 for (; n--; mp++) { 786 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 787 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 788 s2 += len; 789 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 790 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 791 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 792 return -1; 793 } 794 } 795 return 0; 796 } 797 798 /* 799 * Get a standard format. 800 */ 801 static int 802 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 803 { 804 u_int x, i; 805 806 x = nitems(stdfmt); 807 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 808 if (i == x) { 809 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 810 return -1; 811 } 812 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 813 return 0; 814 } 815 816 /* 817 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 818 */ 819 static int 820 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 821 struct bpb *bpb) 822 { 823 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 824 struct fd_type type; 825 off_t ms, hs = 0; 826 827 lp = NULL; 828 829 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 830 if (dtype != NULL) { 831 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 832 } 833 834 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 835 if (lp == NULL) { 836 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 837 struct stat st; 838 839 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 840 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 841 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 842 ms = st.st_size; 843 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 844 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 845 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 846 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 847 lp = &dlp; 848 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 849 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 850 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 851 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 852 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 853 lp = &dlp; 854 } 855 } 856 857 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 858 if (lp == NULL) { 859 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 860 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 861 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 862 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 863 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 864 865 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 866 867 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 868 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 869 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 870 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 871 } 872 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 873 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 874 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 875 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 876 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 877 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 878 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 879 else 880 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 881 } 882 883 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 884 lp = &dlp; 885 } 886 887 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 888 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 889 return -1; 890 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 891 } 892 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 893 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 894 return -1; 895 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 896 } 897 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 898 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 899 return -1; 900 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 901 } 902 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 903 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 904 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 905 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 906 return 0; 907 } 908 909 /* 910 * Print out BPB values. 911 */ 912 static void 913 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 914 { 915 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 916 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 917 bpb->bpbFATs); 918 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 919 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 920 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 921 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 922 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 923 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 924 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 925 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 926 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 927 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 928 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 929 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 930 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 931 bpb->bpbRootClust); 932 printf(" FSInfo="); 933 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 934 printf(" Backup="); 935 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 936 } 937 printf("\n"); 938 } 939 940 /* 941 * Check a disk geometry value. 942 */ 943 static int 944 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 945 { 946 if (!val) { 947 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 948 return -1; 949 } 950 if (val > MAXU16) { 951 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 952 return -1; 953 } 954 return 0; 955 } 956 957 /* 958 * Check a volume label. 959 */ 960 static int 961 oklabel(const char *src) 962 { 963 int c, i; 964 965 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 966 c = (u_char)*src++; 967 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 968 break; 969 } 970 return i && !c; 971 } 972 973 /* 974 * Make a volume label. 975 */ 976 static void 977 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 978 { 979 int c, i; 980 981 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 982 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 983 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 984 } 985 } 986 987 /* 988 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 989 */ 990 static void 991 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 992 { 993 while (len--) 994 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 995 } 996 997 static void 998 infohandler(int sig __unused) 999 { 1000 1001 got_siginfo = 1; 1002 } 1003