1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD$"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 35 #include <sys/disk.h> 36 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 37 #include <sys/mount.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39 #include <sys/time.h> 40 41 #include <ctype.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 61 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 74 75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 77 MINCLS32) 78 79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 81 MAXCLS32) 82 83 #define mk1(p, x) \ 84 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 85 86 #define mk2(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 89 90 #define mk4(p, x) \ 91 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 92 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 93 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 94 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 95 96 struct bs { 97 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 } __packed; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 106 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 109 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 124 } __packed; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 128 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 129 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 130 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 132 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 133 } __packed; 134 135 struct de { 136 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 138 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 140 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 141 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 143 } __packed; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 165 166 static struct { 167 const char *name; 168 struct bpb bpb; 169 } const stdfmt[] = { 170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 180 }; 181 182 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 183 0xfa, /* cli */ 184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 187 0xfb, /* sti */ 188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 190 0x5e, /* pop si */ 191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 193 0xfc, /* cld */ 194 0xac, /* lodsb */ 195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 0 212 }; 213 214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 215 static void infohandler(int); 216 217 static void check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 218 static void getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 219 static void getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, 220 struct bpb *); 221 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 222 static u_int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 223 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 224 static int oklabel(const char *); 225 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 226 227 int mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, 228 const struct msdos_options *op) 229 { 230 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 231 struct sigaction si_sa; 232 struct stat sb; 233 struct timeval tv; 234 struct bpb bpb; 235 struct tm *tm; 236 struct bs *bs; 237 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 238 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 239 struct bsx *bsx; 240 struct de *de; 241 u_int8_t *img; 242 const char *bname; 243 ssize_t n; 244 time_t now; 245 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 246 int fd, fd1; 247 struct msdos_options o = *op; 248 249 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 250 errx(1, "%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 251 } 252 if (o.create_size) { 253 if (o.no_create) 254 errx(1, "create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 255 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 256 if (fd == -1) 257 errx(1, "failed to create %s", fname); 258 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) 259 errx(1, "failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 260 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) 261 err(1, "%s", fname); 262 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) 263 err(1, "%s", fname); 264 if (o.create_size) { 265 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 266 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 267 } else { 268 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 269 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 270 } 271 if (!o.no_create) 272 check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode); 273 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) 274 errx(1, "cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 275 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 276 if (o.floppy) { 277 getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb); 278 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 279 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 280 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 281 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 282 } 283 if (o.drive_heads) 284 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 285 if (o.sectors_per_track) 286 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 287 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 288 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 289 if (o.size) 290 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 291 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 292 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 293 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 294 off_t delta; 295 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 296 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 297 delta = bpb.bpbHugeSectors % bpb.bpbSecPerTrack; 298 if (delta != 0) { 299 warnx("trim %d sectors to adjust to a multiple of %d", 300 (int)delta, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 301 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= delta; 302 } 303 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 304 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 305 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 306 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 307 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 308 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 309 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 310 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 311 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 312 else 313 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 314 } 315 } 316 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) 317 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 318 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) 319 errx(1, "bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 320 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 321 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) 322 errx(1, "%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 323 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 324 if (o.floppy) 325 fat = 12; 326 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 327 fat = 32; 328 } 329 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) 330 errx(1, "-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 331 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 332 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 333 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 334 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 335 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 336 errx(1, "%d: bad FAT type", fat); 337 } 338 339 if (o.block_size) { 340 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) 341 errx(1, "block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 342 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 343 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 344 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 345 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) 346 errx(1, "block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 347 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 348 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 349 } 350 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 351 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) 352 errx(1, "sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", o.sectors_per_cluster); 353 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 354 } 355 if (o.reserved_sectors) 356 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 357 if (o.num_FAT) { 358 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) 359 errx(1, "number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 360 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 361 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 362 } 363 if (o.directory_entries) 364 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 365 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 366 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) 367 errx(1, "illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 368 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 369 } 370 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 371 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 372 if (o.info_sector) 373 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 374 if (o.backup_sector) 375 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 376 bss = 1; 377 bname = NULL; 378 fd1 = -1; 379 if (o.bootstrap) { 380 bname = o.bootstrap; 381 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 382 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 383 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) 384 err(1, NULL); 385 } 386 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) 387 err(1, "%s", bname); 388 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 389 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 390 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) 391 errx(1, "%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 392 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 393 } 394 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 395 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 396 if (!fat) { 397 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 398 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 399 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 400 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 401 bpb.bpbFATs + 402 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 403 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 404 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 405 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 406 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 407 fat = 12; 408 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 409 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 410 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 411 bpb.bpbFATs + 412 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 413 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 414 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 415 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 416 fat = 16; 417 else 418 fat = 32; 419 } 420 x = bss; 421 if (fat == 32) { 422 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 423 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) 424 errx(1, "no room for info sector"); 425 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 426 } 427 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 428 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 429 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 430 if (x == MAXU16) 431 errx(1, "no room for backup sector"); 432 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 433 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) 434 errx(1, "backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 435 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 436 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 437 } 438 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 439 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? 440 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 441 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) 442 errx(1, "too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 443 bpb.bpbResSectors); 444 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 445 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 446 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 447 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 448 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 449 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 450 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 451 bpb.bpbResSectors + 452 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 453 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 454 bpb.bpbFATs + 455 rds + 456 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * 457 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 458 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 459 continue; 460 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) 461 errx(1, "too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 462 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 463 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 464 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) 465 errx(1, "meta data exceeds file system size"); 466 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 467 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 468 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / 469 BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 470 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 471 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 472 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 473 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 474 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 475 } 476 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 477 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 478 RESFTE; 479 if (cls > x) 480 cls = x; 481 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 482 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 483 cls); 484 if (cls < mincls(fat)) 485 errx(1, "%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 486 mincls(fat)); 487 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 488 cls = maxcls(fat); 489 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 490 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 491 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 492 } 493 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 494 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 495 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 496 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 497 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 498 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 499 if (fat == 32) 500 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 501 if (bpb.bpbHiddenSecs + bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 502 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 503 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 504 } 505 if (fat != 32) { 506 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 507 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 508 } 509 print_bpb(&bpb); 510 if (!o.no_create) { 511 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 512 now = tv.tv_sec; 513 tm = localtime(&now); 514 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 515 err(1, NULL); 516 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 517 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 518 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 519 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 520 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) 521 err(1, "sigaction SIGINFO"); 522 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 523 if (got_siginfo) { 524 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 525 fname, lsn, 526 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 527 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 528 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 529 got_siginfo = 0; 530 } 531 x = lsn; 532 if (o.bootstrap && 533 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 534 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 535 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 536 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) 537 err(1, "%s", bname); 538 } 539 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 540 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 541 err(1, "%s", bname); 542 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 543 errx(1, "%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 544 } else 545 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 546 if (!lsn || 547 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 548 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 549 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 550 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 551 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 552 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 553 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 554 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 555 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 556 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 557 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 558 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 559 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 560 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 561 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 562 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 563 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 564 if (fat == 32) { 565 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 566 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 567 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 568 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 569 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 570 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 571 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 572 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 573 } 574 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 575 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 576 if (o.volume_id_set) 577 x = o.volume_id; 578 else 579 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 580 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 581 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 582 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 583 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 584 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 585 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 586 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 587 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 588 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 589 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 590 if (!o.bootstrap) { 591 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 592 bs = (struct bs *)img; 593 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 594 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 595 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 596 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 597 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 598 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 599 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 600 } 601 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 602 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 603 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 604 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 605 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 606 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 607 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 608 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 609 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 610 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 611 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 612 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 613 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 614 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 615 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 616 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 617 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 618 de = (struct de *)img; 619 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 620 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 621 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 622 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 623 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 624 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 625 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 626 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 627 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 628 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 629 } 630 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) 631 err(1, "%s", fname); 632 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) 633 errx(1, "%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 634 } 635 } 636 return 0; 637 } 638 639 /* 640 * Exit with error if file system is mounted. 641 */ 642 static void 643 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 644 { 645 struct statfs *mp; 646 const char *s1, *s2; 647 size_t len; 648 int n, r; 649 650 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) 651 err(1, "getmntinfo"); 652 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 653 s1 = fname; 654 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 655 s1 += len; 656 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 657 for (; n--; mp++) { 658 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 659 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 660 s2 += len; 661 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 662 !strcmp(s1, s2)) 663 errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 664 } 665 } 666 667 /* 668 * Get a standard format. 669 */ 670 static void 671 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 672 { 673 u_int x, i; 674 675 x = sizeof(stdfmt) / sizeof(stdfmt[0]); 676 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 677 if (i == x) 678 errx(1, "%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 679 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 680 } 681 682 /* 683 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 684 */ 685 static void 686 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 687 struct bpb *bpb) 688 { 689 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 690 struct fd_type type; 691 off_t ms, hs = 0; 692 693 lp = NULL; 694 695 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 696 if (dtype != NULL) { 697 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 698 } 699 700 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 701 if (lp == NULL) { 702 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 703 struct stat st; 704 705 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 706 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 707 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 708 ms = st.st_size; 709 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 710 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 711 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 712 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 713 lp = &dlp; 714 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 715 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 716 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 717 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 718 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 719 lp = &dlp; 720 } 721 } 722 723 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 724 if (lp == NULL) { 725 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 726 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 727 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 728 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 729 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 730 731 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 732 733 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 734 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 735 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 736 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 737 } 738 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 739 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 740 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 741 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 742 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 743 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 744 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 745 else 746 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 747 } 748 749 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 750 lp = &dlp; 751 } 752 753 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) 754 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector"); 755 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) 756 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track"); 757 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) 758 bpb->bpbHeads = ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads"); 759 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 760 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 761 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 762 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 763 } 764 765 /* 766 * Print out BPB values. 767 */ 768 static void 769 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 770 { 771 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 772 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 773 bpb->bpbFATs); 774 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 775 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 776 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 777 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 778 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 779 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 780 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 781 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 782 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 783 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 784 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 785 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 786 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 787 bpb->bpbRootClust); 788 printf(" FSInfo="); 789 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 790 printf(" Backup="); 791 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 792 } 793 printf("\n"); 794 } 795 796 /* 797 * Check a disk geometry value. 798 */ 799 static u_int 800 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 801 { 802 if (!val) 803 errx(1, "%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 804 if (val > MAXU16) 805 errx(1, "%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 806 return val; 807 } 808 809 /* 810 * Check a volume label. 811 */ 812 static int 813 oklabel(const char *src) 814 { 815 int c, i; 816 817 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 818 c = (u_char)*src++; 819 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 820 break; 821 } 822 return i && !c; 823 } 824 825 /* 826 * Make a volume label. 827 */ 828 static void 829 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 830 { 831 int c, i; 832 833 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 834 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 835 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 836 } 837 } 838 839 /* 840 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 841 */ 842 static void 843 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 844 { 845 while (len--) 846 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 847 } 848 849 static void 850 infohandler(int sig __unused) 851 { 852 853 got_siginfo = 1; 854 } 855