1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 23 * must display the following acknowledgement: 24 * This product includes software developed by the University of 25 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 26 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 27 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 28 * without specific prior written permission. 29 * 30 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 31 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 32 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 33 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 34 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 35 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 36 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 37 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 38 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 39 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 40 * SUCH DAMAGE. 41 */ 42 43 #ifndef lint 44 static const char copyright[] = 45 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 46 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 47 #endif /* not lint */ 48 49 #ifndef lint 50 #if 0 51 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 52 #endif 53 static const char rcsid[] = 54 "$FreeBSD$"; 55 #endif /* not lint */ 56 57 /* 58 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 59 */ 60 #include <sys/param.h> 61 #include <sys/stat.h> 62 #include <sys/disk.h> 63 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 64 #include <sys/file.h> 65 #include <sys/mount.h> 66 67 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 68 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 69 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 70 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 71 72 #include <ctype.h> 73 #include <err.h> 74 #include <errno.h> 75 #include <paths.h> 76 #include <stdarg.h> 77 #include <stdio.h> 78 #include <stdlib.h> 79 #include <string.h> 80 #include <syslog.h> 81 #include <unistd.h> 82 83 #include "newfs.h" 84 85 /* 86 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 87 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 88 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 89 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 90 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 91 */ 92 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 93 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 94 95 /* 96 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 97 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 98 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 99 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 100 */ 101 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 102 103 /* 104 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 105 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 106 * block worth of data blocks. 107 */ 108 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 109 110 /* 111 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 112 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 113 * to be far more than we will ever need. 114 */ 115 #define NFPI 4 116 117 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 118 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 119 int Oflag = 1; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 120 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 121 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 122 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */ 123 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 124 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 125 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 126 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 127 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 128 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 129 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 130 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 131 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 132 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 133 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 134 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 135 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 136 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 137 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 138 139 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 140 static char *disktype; 141 static int unlabeled; 142 143 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 144 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 145 static void usage(void); 146 147 int 148 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 149 { 150 struct partition *pp; 151 struct disklabel *lp; 152 struct partition oldpartition; 153 struct stat st; 154 char *cp, *special; 155 int ch, i; 156 off_t mediasize; 157 158 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 159 "L:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:")) != -1) 160 switch (ch) { 161 case 'L': 162 volumelabel = optarg; 163 i = -1; 164 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 165 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 166 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 167 } 168 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 169 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 170 MAXVOLLEN); 171 } 172 Lflag = 1; 173 break; 174 case 'N': 175 Nflag = 1; 176 break; 177 case 'O': 178 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 179 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 180 optarg); 181 break; 182 case 'R': 183 Rflag = 1; 184 break; 185 case 'S': 186 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 187 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 188 break; 189 case 'T': 190 disktype = optarg; 191 break; 192 case 'U': 193 Uflag = 1; 194 break; 195 case 'a': 196 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 197 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 198 optarg); 199 break; 200 case 'b': 201 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 202 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 203 optarg, MINBSIZE); 204 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 205 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 206 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 207 break; 208 case 'c': 209 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 210 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 211 optarg); 212 break; 213 case 'd': 214 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 215 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 216 break; 217 case 'e': 218 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 219 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 220 optarg); 221 break; 222 case 'f': 223 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 224 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 225 break; 226 case 'g': 227 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 228 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 229 break; 230 case 'h': 231 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 232 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 233 break; 234 case 'i': 235 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 236 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 237 break; 238 case 'm': 239 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 240 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 241 break; 242 case 'o': 243 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 244 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 245 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 246 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 247 else 248 errx(1, 249 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 250 optarg); 251 break; 252 case 's': 253 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 254 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 255 break; 256 case '?': 257 default: 258 usage(); 259 } 260 argc -= optind; 261 argv += optind; 262 263 if (argc != 1) 264 usage(); 265 266 special = argv[0]; 267 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 268 if (cp == 0) { 269 /* 270 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 271 */ 272 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 273 special = device; 274 } 275 276 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 277 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 278 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 279 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 280 else 281 err(1, "%s", special); 282 } 283 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 284 err(1, "%s", special); 285 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 286 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 287 288 if (sectorsize == 0) 289 ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 290 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 291 if (fssize == 0) 292 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 293 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 294 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %u", 295 special, (u_int)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 296 } 297 pp = NULL; 298 lp = getdisklabel(special); 299 if (lp != NULL) { 300 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 301 cp--; 302 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 303 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 304 special); 305 if (isdigit(*cp)) 306 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 307 else 308 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 309 oldpartition = *pp; 310 if (pp->p_size == 0) 311 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 312 special, *cp); 313 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 314 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 315 special, *cp); 316 if (fssize == 0) 317 fssize = pp->p_size; 318 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 319 errx(1, 320 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 321 if (sectorsize == 0) 322 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 323 if (fsize == 0) 324 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 325 if (bsize == 0) 326 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 327 } 328 if (sectorsize <= 0) 329 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 330 if (fsize <= 0) 331 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 332 if (bsize <= 0) 333 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 334 if (maxbsize == 0) 335 maxbsize = bsize; 336 /* 337 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 338 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 339 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 340 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 341 */ 342 if (maxcontig == 0) 343 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 344 if (density == 0) 345 density = NFPI * fsize; 346 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 347 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 348 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 349 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 350 } 351 if (maxbpg == 0) 352 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 353 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 354 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 355 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 356 357 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 358 fssize *= secperblk; 359 if (pp != NULL) 360 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 361 } 362 mkfs(pp, special); 363 if (!unlabeled) { 364 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 365 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 366 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 367 rewritelabel(special, lp); 368 } 369 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 370 exit(0); 371 } 372 373 struct disklabel * 374 getdisklabel(char *s) 375 { 376 static struct disklabel lab; 377 struct disklabel *lp; 378 379 if (!ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 380 return (&lab); 381 unlabeled++; 382 if (disktype) { 383 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 384 if (lp != NULL) 385 return (lp); 386 } 387 return (NULL); 388 } 389 390 void 391 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 392 { 393 if (unlabeled) 394 return; 395 lp->d_checksum = 0; 396 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 397 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) 398 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 399 } 400 401 static void 402 usage() 403 { 404 fprintf(stderr, 405 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 406 getprogname(), 407 " [device-type]"); 408 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 409 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 410 fprintf(stderr, 411 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 412 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 413 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 414 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 415 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 416 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 417 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 418 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 419 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 420 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 421 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 422 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 423 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 425 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 426 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 427 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 428 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n"); 429 exit(1); 430 } 431