1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39 #if 0 40 #ifndef lint 41 static const char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #endif 50 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 52 53 /* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56 #include <sys/param.h> 57 #include <sys/stat.h> 58 #include <sys/disk.h> 59 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 60 #include <sys/file.h> 61 #include <sys/mount.h> 62 63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68 #include <ctype.h> 69 #include <err.h> 70 #include <errno.h> 71 #include <inttypes.h> 72 #include <paths.h> 73 #include <stdarg.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <syslog.h> 78 #include <unistd.h> 79 80 #include "newfs.h" 81 82 /* 83 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 84 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 85 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 86 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 87 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 88 */ 89 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 90 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 91 92 /* 93 * Cylinder groups may have up to MAXBLKSPERCG blocks. The actual 94 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 95 * in a cylinder group map which must fit in a single file system 96 * block. The default is to use as many as possible blocks per group. 97 */ 98 #define MAXBLKSPERCG 0x7fffffff /* desired fs_fpg ("infinity") */ 99 100 /* 101 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 102 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 103 * block worth of data blocks. 104 */ 105 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t)) 106 107 /* 108 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 109 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 110 * to be far more than we will ever need. 111 */ 112 #define NFPI 4 113 114 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 115 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 116 int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 117 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 118 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 119 int Eflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 120 int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 121 int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 122 int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 123 quad_t fssize; /* file system size */ 124 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 125 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 126 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 127 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 128 int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 129 int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 130 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 131 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 132 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 133 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 134 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 135 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 136 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 137 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 138 struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 139 140 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 141 static char *disktype; 142 static int unlabeled; 143 144 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 145 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 146 static void usage(void); 147 148 int 149 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 150 { 151 struct partition *pp; 152 struct disklabel *lp; 153 struct partition oldpartition; 154 struct stat st; 155 char *cp, *special; 156 int ch, i; 157 off_t mediasize; 158 159 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 160 "EJL:NO:RS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:s:")) != -1) 161 switch (ch) { 162 case 'E': 163 Eflag++; 164 break; 165 case 'J': 166 Jflag = 1; 167 break; 168 case 'L': 169 volumelabel = optarg; 170 i = -1; 171 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 172 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 173 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 174 } 175 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 176 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 177 MAXVOLLEN); 178 } 179 Lflag = 1; 180 break; 181 case 'N': 182 Nflag = 1; 183 break; 184 case 'O': 185 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 186 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 187 optarg); 188 break; 189 case 'R': 190 Rflag = 1; 191 break; 192 case 'S': 193 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 194 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 195 break; 196 case 'T': 197 disktype = optarg; 198 break; 199 case 'U': 200 Uflag = 1; 201 break; 202 case 'a': 203 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 204 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 205 optarg); 206 break; 207 case 'b': 208 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 209 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 210 optarg, MINBSIZE); 211 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 212 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 213 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 214 break; 215 case 'c': 216 if ((maxblkspercg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 217 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 218 optarg); 219 break; 220 case 'd': 221 if ((maxbsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 222 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 223 break; 224 case 'e': 225 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 226 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 227 optarg); 228 break; 229 case 'f': 230 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 231 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'g': 234 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 235 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'h': 238 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 239 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'i': 242 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 243 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 244 break; 245 case 'l': 246 lflag = 1; 247 break; 248 case 'm': 249 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 250 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 251 break; 252 case 'n': 253 nflag = 1; 254 break; 255 case 'o': 256 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 257 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 258 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 259 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 260 else 261 errx(1, 262 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 263 optarg); 264 break; 265 case 's': 266 errno = 0; 267 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, NULL, 0); 268 if (errno != 0) 269 err(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 270 break; 271 case '?': 272 default: 273 usage(); 274 } 275 argc -= optind; 276 argv += optind; 277 278 if (argc != 1) 279 usage(); 280 281 special = argv[0]; 282 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 283 if (cp == 0) { 284 /* 285 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 286 */ 287 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 288 special = device; 289 } 290 291 if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 292 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 293 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 294 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 295 else 296 err(1, "%s", special); 297 } 298 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 299 err(1, "%s", special); 300 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 301 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 302 303 if (sectorsize == 0) 304 ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 305 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 306 if (fssize == 0) 307 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 308 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 309 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 310 special, (intmax_t)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 311 } 312 pp = NULL; 313 lp = getdisklabel(special); 314 if (lp != NULL) { 315 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 316 cp--; 317 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 318 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 319 special); 320 if (isdigit(*cp)) 321 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 322 else 323 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 324 oldpartition = *pp; 325 if (pp->p_size == 0) 326 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 327 special, *cp); 328 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 329 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 330 special, *cp); 331 if (fssize == 0) 332 fssize = pp->p_size; 333 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 334 errx(1, 335 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 336 if (sectorsize == 0) 337 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 338 if (fsize == 0) 339 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 340 if (bsize == 0) 341 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 342 } 343 if (sectorsize <= 0) 344 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 345 if (fsize <= 0) 346 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 347 if (bsize <= 0) 348 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 349 if (maxbsize == 0) 350 maxbsize = bsize; 351 /* 352 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 353 * that may be allocated sequentially. With file system clustering 354 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 355 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 356 */ 357 if (maxcontig == 0) 358 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize); 359 if (density == 0) 360 density = NFPI * fsize; 361 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 362 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 363 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 364 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 365 } 366 if (maxbpg == 0) 367 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 368 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 369 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 370 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 371 372 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 373 fssize *= secperblk; 374 if (pp != NULL) 375 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 376 } 377 mkfs(pp, special); 378 if (!unlabeled) { 379 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 380 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 381 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 382 rewritelabel(special, lp); 383 } 384 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 385 exit(0); 386 } 387 388 struct disklabel * 389 getdisklabel(char *s) 390 { 391 static struct disklabel lab; 392 struct disklabel *lp; 393 394 if (!ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 395 return (&lab); 396 unlabeled++; 397 if (disktype) { 398 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 399 if (lp != NULL) 400 return (lp); 401 } 402 return (NULL); 403 } 404 405 void 406 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 407 { 408 if (unlabeled) 409 return; 410 lp->d_checksum = 0; 411 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 412 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) 413 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 414 } 415 416 static void 417 usage() 418 { 419 fprintf(stderr, 420 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 421 getprogname(), 422 " [device-type]"); 423 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 424 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 425 fprintf(stderr, 426 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 427 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 428 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 429 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 430 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 431 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 432 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 433 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 434 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 435 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 436 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 437 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 438 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 439 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 440 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 441 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 442 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 443 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 444 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 445 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file systemsize (sectors)\n"); 446 exit(1); 447 } 448