1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #ifndef lint 35 static const char copyright[] = 36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 37 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 38 #endif /* not lint */ 39 40 #ifndef lint 41 #if 0 42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 43 #endif 44 static const char rcsid[] = 45 "$FreeBSD$"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 /* 49 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 50 */ 51 #include <sys/param.h> 52 #include <sys/stat.h> 53 #include <sys/disk.h> 54 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 55 #include <sys/file.h> 56 #include <sys/mount.h> 57 58 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 59 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 60 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 61 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 62 63 #include <ctype.h> 64 #include <err.h> 65 #include <errno.h> 66 #include <paths.h> 67 #include <stdarg.h> 68 #include <stdio.h> 69 #include <stdlib.h> 70 #include <string.h> 71 #include <syslog.h> 72 #include <unistd.h> 73 74 #include "newfs.h" 75 76 /* 77 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 78 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 79 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 80 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 81 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 82 */ 83 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048 84 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384 85 86 /* 87 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 88 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 89 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible 90 * cylinders per group. 91 */ 92 #define DESCPG 65536 /* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */ 93 94 /* 95 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 96 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 97 * block worth of data blocks. 98 */ 99 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 100 101 /* 102 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 103 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 104 * to be far more than we will ever need. 105 */ 106 #define NFPI 4 107 108 /* 109 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 110 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 111 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 112 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 113 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 114 */ 115 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 116 117 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 118 int Rflag; /* regression test */ 119 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 120 u_int fssize; /* file system size */ 121 u_int secpercyl = NSECTORS; /* sectors per cylinder */ 122 u_int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 123 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 124 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 125 int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 126 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 127 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 128 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 129 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 130 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 131 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 132 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 133 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 134 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 135 int fso; /* filedescriptor to device */ 136 137 static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 138 static char *disktype; 139 static int t_or_u_flag; /* user has specified -t or -u */ 140 static int unlabeled; 141 142 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 143 static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 144 static void usage(void); 145 146 int 147 main(int argc, char *argv[]) 148 { 149 struct partition *pp; 150 struct disklabel *lp; 151 struct partition oldpartition; 152 struct stat st; 153 char *cp, *special; 154 int ch, n; 155 off_t mediasize; 156 157 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 158 "NRS:T:Ua:b:c:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:u:")) != -1) 159 switch (ch) { 160 case 'N': 161 Nflag = 1; 162 break; 163 case 'R': 164 Rflag = 1; 165 break; 166 case 'S': 167 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 168 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 169 break; 170 case 'T': 171 disktype = optarg; 172 break; 173 case 'U': 174 Uflag = 1; 175 break; 176 case 'a': 177 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 178 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 179 optarg); 180 break; 181 case 'b': 182 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 183 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", optarg); 184 break; 185 case 'c': 186 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 187 errx(1, "%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 188 cpgflg++; 189 break; 190 case 'e': 191 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 192 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 193 optarg); 194 break; 195 case 'f': 196 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 197 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 198 break; 199 case 'g': 200 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 201 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 202 break; 203 case 'h': 204 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 205 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 206 break; 207 case 'i': 208 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 209 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 210 break; 211 case 'm': 212 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 213 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'o': 216 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 217 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 218 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 219 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 220 else 221 errx(1, 222 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 223 optarg); 224 break; 225 case 's': 226 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 227 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 228 break; 229 case 'u': 230 t_or_u_flag++; 231 if ((n = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 232 errx(1, "%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 233 secpercyl = n; 234 break; 235 case '?': 236 default: 237 usage(); 238 } 239 argc -= optind; 240 argv += optind; 241 242 if (argc != 1) 243 usage(); 244 245 special = argv[0]; 246 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 247 if (cp == 0) { 248 /* 249 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 250 */ 251 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 252 special = device; 253 } 254 255 fso = open(special, Nflag ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR); 256 if (fso < 0) 257 err(1, "%s", special); 258 if (fstat(fso, &st) < 0) 259 err(1, "%s", special); 260 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) 261 errx(1, "%s: not a character-special device", special); 262 263 if (sectorsize == 0) 264 ioctl(fso, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize); 265 if (sectorsize && !ioctl(fso, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize)) { 266 if (fssize == 0) 267 fssize = mediasize / sectorsize; 268 else if (fssize > mediasize / sectorsize) 269 errx(1, "%s: maximum filesystem size is %u", 270 special, (u_int)(mediasize / sectorsize)); 271 } 272 pp = NULL; 273 lp = getdisklabel(special); 274 if (lp != NULL) { 275 cp = strchr(special, '\0'); 276 cp--; 277 if ((*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 278 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 279 special); 280 if (isdigit(*cp)) 281 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 282 else 283 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 284 oldpartition = *pp; 285 if (pp->p_size == 0) 286 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 287 special, *cp); 288 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 289 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 290 special, *cp); 291 if (fssize == 0) 292 fssize = pp->p_size; 293 if (fssize > pp->p_size) 294 errx(1, 295 "%s: maximum file system size %d", special, pp->p_size); 296 if (secpercyl == 0) 297 secpercyl = lp->d_nsectors; 298 if (sectorsize == 0) 299 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 300 if (fsize == 0) 301 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 302 if (bsize == 0) 303 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 304 } 305 if (sectorsize <= 0) 306 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 307 if (fsize <= 0) 308 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 309 if (bsize <= 0) 310 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 311 if (secpercyl <= 0) 312 errx(1, "%s: no default #sectors/track", special); 313 /* 314 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 315 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 316 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 317 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 318 */ 319 if (maxcontig == 0) 320 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1); 321 if (density == 0) 322 density = NFPI * fsize; 323 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 324 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 325 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 326 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 327 } 328 /* 329 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default 330 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree 331 * with the disklabel. 332 */ 333 if (t_or_u_flag && lp != NULL && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 334 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 335 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 336 "disagrees with disk label", (u_long)lp->d_secpercyl); 337 if (maxbpg == 0) 338 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 339 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 340 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 341 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 342 343 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 344 secpercyl *= secperblk; 345 fssize *= secperblk; 346 if (pp != NULL); 347 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 348 } 349 mkfs(pp, special); 350 if (!unlabeled) { 351 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 352 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE; 353 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 354 rewritelabel(special, lp); 355 } 356 close(fso); 357 exit(0); 358 } 359 360 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 361 362 struct disklabel * 363 getdisklabel(char *s) 364 { 365 static struct disklabel lab; 366 struct disklabel *lp; 367 368 if (!ioctl(fso, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab)) 369 return (&lab); 370 unlabeled++; 371 if (disktype) { 372 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 373 if (lp != NULL) 374 return (lp); 375 } 376 return (NULL); 377 } 378 379 void 380 rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 381 { 382 if (unlabeled) 383 return; 384 lp->d_checksum = 0; 385 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 386 if (ioctl(fso, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) { 387 warn("ioctl (WDINFO)"); 388 errx(1, "%s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 389 } 390 } 391 392 static void 393 usage() 394 { 395 fprintf(stderr, 396 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 397 getprogname(), 398 " [device-type]"); 399 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 400 fprintf(stderr, 401 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 402 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, supress random factors\n"); 403 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 404 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 405 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 406 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 407 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 408 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 409 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 410 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 411 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 412 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 413 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 414 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 415 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 416 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 417 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/cylinder\n"); 418 fprintf(stderr, 419 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n"); 420 exit(1); 421 } 422